GBiL: A hybrid gated recurrent units (GRU) and bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) model with Particle Swarm Optimization for a Robust VANET IDS. - G. Shobana; A. Thillai Nathan; Dhev Sabharish Sivakumar; R. Arockia Xavier Annie (EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw., 2025)