A Lagrangian Formulation For Optical Backpropagation Training In Kerr-Type Optical Networks. - James Edward Steck; Steven R. Skinner; Alvaro A. Cruz-Cabrara; Elizabeth C. Behrman (NIPS, 1994)

Optical hardware backpropagation neural network. - Steven R. Skinner; James Edward Steck; Alvaro A. Cruz-Cabrara; Mingtao Yang; Elizabeth C. Behrman (IJCNN, 1999)

Reinforcement and backpropagation training for an optical neural network using self-lensing effects. - Alvaro A. Cruz-Cabrara; Mingtao Yang; Guoqi Cui; Elizabeth C. Behrman; James Edward Steck; Steven R. Skinner (IEEE Trans. Neural Networks Learn. Syst., 2000)