Hybrid parking space prediction model: integrating ARIMA, Long short-term memory (LSTM), and backpropagation neural network (BPNN) for smart city development. - Anchal Dahiya; Pooja Mittal; Yogesh Kumar Sharma; Umesh Kumar Lilhore; Sarita Simaiya; Mohd Anul Haq; Mohammed A. Aleisa; Abdullah Alenizi (PeerJ Comput. Sci., 2025)