Steerable Filters from Erlang Functions. - Anil A. Bharath (BMVC, 1998)

Segmentation of Retinal Blood Vessels Based on the Second Directional Derivative and Region Growing. - M. Elena Martínez-Pérez; Alun D. Hughes; Alice V. Stanton; Simon A. Thom; Anil A. Bharath; Kim H. Parker (ICIP (2), 1999)

Retinal Blood Vessel Segmentation by Means of Scale-Space Analysis and Region Growing. - M. Elena Martínez-Pérez; Alun D. Hughes; Alice V. Stanton; Simon A. Thom; Anil A. Bharath; Kim H. Parker (MICCAI, 1999)

Shape from multi-rate filtering. - Anil Anthony Bharath (ICASSP, 2000)

Geometrical and Morphological Analysis of Vascular Branches from Fundus Retinal Images. - M. Elena Martínez-Pérez; Alun D. Hughes; Alice V. Stanton; Simon A. Thom; Neil Chapman; Anil A. Bharath; Kim H. Parker (MICCAI, 2000)

Quantification and characterisation of arteries in retinal images. - Xiaohong W. Gao; Anil A. Bharath; Alice V. Stanton; Alun D. Hughes; Neil Chapman; Simon A. Thom (Comput. Methods Programs Biomed., 2000)

A tiling of phase-space through self-convolution. - Anil Anthony Bharath (IEEE Trans. Signal Process., 2000)

A method of vessel tracking for vessel diameter measurement on retinal images. - Xiaohong W. Gao; Anil A. Bharath; Alice V. Stanton; Alun D. Hughes; Neil Chapman; Simon A. Thom (ICIP (2), 2001)

Retinal vascular tree morphology: a semi-automatic quantification. - M. Elena Martínez-Pérez; Alun D. Hughes; Alice V. Stanton; Simon A. Thom; Neil Chapman; Anil Anthony Bharath; Kim H. Parker (IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., 2002)

Steering in Scale Space to Optimally Detect Image Structures. - Jeffrey Ng; Anil A. Bharath (ECCV (1), 2004)

A Steerable Complex Wavelet Construction and Its Implementation on FPGA. - Christos-Savvas Bouganis; Peter Y. K. Cheung; Jeffrey Ng; Anil A. Bharath (FPL, 2004)

A probabilistic approach to boundary handling. - Anil Anthony Bharath; Jeffrey Ng Sing Kwong (EUSIPCO, 2005)

Multiscale orientation estimation of perceptual boundaries. - Jeffrey Ng; Anil A. Bharath (ICASSP (2), 2005)

Analog networks for mixed domain spatiotemporal filtering. - Henry M. D. Ip; Emmanuel M. Drakakis; Anil A. Bharath (ISCAS (4), 2005)

A steerable complex wavelet construction and its application to image denoising. - Anil A. Bharath; Jeffrey Ng (IEEE Trans. Image Process., 2005)

Sharpening Orientation Selectivity for Efficient Image Filtering. - Jeffrey Ng; Anil A. Bharath (ICASSP (2), 2006)

Tracking hand and finger movements for behaviour analysis. - Enrica Dente; Anil A. Bharath; Jeffrey Ng; Aldert Vrij; Samantha Mann; Anthony Bull (Pattern Recognit. Lett., 2006)

Phase Invariant Keypoint Detection. - Anil Anthony Bharath; Nick G. Kingsbury (DSP, 2007)

Gradient Field Correlation for Keypoint Correspondence. - Zeynep Engin; Melvin Lim; Anil Anthony Bharath (ICIP (2), 2007)

A Survey of Architecture and Function of the Primary Visual Cortex (V1). - Jeffrey Ng; Anil Anthony Bharath; Zhaoping Li 001 (EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process., 2007)

Extrapolative Spatial Models for Detecting Perceptual Boundaries in Colour Images. - Jeffrey Ng; Anil A. Bharath; Patrick Chow Pak Kin (Int. J. Comput. Vis., 2007)

Segmentation of blood vessels from red-free and fluorescein retinal images. - M. Elena Martínez-Pérez; Alun D. Hughes; Simon A. Thom; Anil A. Bharath; Kim H. Parker (Medical Image Anal., 2007)

Next Generation Artificial Vision Systems - Reverse Engineering the Human Visual System. - Anil A. Bharath; Maria Petrou (Artech House, 2008)

A nonseparable 3D spatiotemporal bandpass filter with analog networks. - Henry M. D. Ip; Emmanuel M. Drakakis; Anil A. Bharath (ISCAS, 2008)

On Analog Networks and Mixed-Domain Spatio-Temporal Frequency Response. - Henry M. D. Ip; Emmanuel M. Drakakis; Anil Anthony Bharath (IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Regul. Pap., 2008)

Synthesis of Nonseparable 3-D Spatiotemporal Bandpass Filters on Analog Networks. - Henry M. D. Ip; Emmanuel M. Drakakis; Anil Anthony Bharath (IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Regul. Pap., 2008)

Introductory Medical Imaging - Anil Anthony Bharath (Morgan & Claypool Publishers, 2008)

An analysis of the Map Seeking Circuit and Monte Carlo extensions. - Zeynep Engin; Jeffrey Ng; Mauricio Barahona; Anil A. Bharath (ICASSP, 2009)

A jump-diffusion particle filter for tracking grouped and fragmented objects. - Enrica Dente; Anil A. Bharath; Jeffrey Ng (DPS, 2009)

Cell boundary analysis using radial search for dual staining techniques. - Saadia Iftikhar; Anil Anthony Bharath (Image Processing, 2009)

A 19 nW analogue CMOS log-domain 6th-order Bessel filter without E-minus cells. - Henry M. D. Ip; Emmanuel M. Drakakis; Anil A. Bharath (Microelectron. J., 2009)

Dense photometric stereo reconstruction on many core GPUs. - Andreas Varnavas; Vasileios Argyriou; Jeffrey Ng; Anil A. Bharath (CVPR Workshops, 2010)

Joint spatio-temporal registration and microvasculature segmentation of retinal angiogram sequences. - Shuoying Cao; Anil A. Bharath; Kim H. Parker; Jeffrey Ng; John Arnold; Alison H. McGregor; Adam Hill (EMBC, 2011)

Spatio-Temporal Registration and Microvasculature Segmentation of Retinal Angiogram Sequences. - Shuoying Cao; Anil A. Bharath; Kim H. Parker; Jeffrey Ng; John Arnold; Alison H. McGregor; Adam Hill (MIUA, 2011)

Segmentation of Endothelial Cell Boundaries of Rabbit Aortic Images Using a Machine Learning Approach. - Saadia Iftikhar; Andrew R. Bond; Asim I. Wagan; Peter D. Weinberg; Anil Anthony Bharath (Int. J. Biomed. Imaging, 2011)

Preliminary results from an analog implementation of first-order TDCNN dynamics. - Henry M. D. Ip; Emmanuel M. Drakakis; Anil A. Bharath (Int. J. Circuit Theory Appl., 2011)

Efficient Kernels Couple Visual Words Through Categorical Opponency. - Ioannis Alexiou; Anil A. Bharath (BMVC, 2012)

Patch-based automatic retinal vessel segmentation in global and local structural context. - Shuoying Cao; Anil A. Bharath; Kim H. Parker; Jeffrey Ng (EMBC, 2012)

Patch-based feature maps for pixel-level image segmentation. - Shuoying Cao; Saadia Iftikhar; Anil Anthony Bharath (EUSIPCO, 2012)

Mobile Visual Assistive Apps: Benchmarks of Vision Algorithm Performance. - Jose Rivera-Rubio; Saad Idrees; Ioannis Alexiou; Lucas Hadjilucas; Anil A. Bharath (ICIAP Workshops, 2013)

The Last 10 Metres: Using Visual Analysis and Verbal Communication in Guiding Visually Impaired Smartphone Users to Entrances. - Anja Belz; Anil A. Bharath (VL@COLING, 2014)

Associating locations from wearable cameras. - Jose Rivera-Rubio; Ioannis Alexiou; Luke Dickens; Riccardo Secoli; Emil C. Lupu; Anil Anthony Bharath (BMVC, 2014)

Spatio-chromatic Opponent Features. - Ioannis Alexiou; Anil A. Bharath (ECCV (5), 2014)

Associating Locations Between Indoor Journeys from Wearable Cameras. - Jose Rivera-Rubio; Ioannis Alexiou; Anil A. Bharath (ECCV Workshops (4), 2014)

A dataset for Hand-Held Object Recognition. - Jose Rivera-Rubio; Saad Idrees; Ioannis Alexiou; Lucas Hadjilucas; Anil A. Bharath (ICIP, 2014)

Small Hand-held Object Recognition Test (SHORT). - Jose Rivera-Rubio; Saad Idrees; Ioannis Alexiou; Lucas Hadjilucas; Anil A. Bharath (WACV, 2014)

Indoor Localisation with Regression Networks and Place Cell Models. - Jose Rivera-Rubio; Ioannis Alexiou; Anil A. Bharath (BMVC, 2015)

Viewing angle effect on gait recognition using joint kinematics. - Christoforos C. Charalambous; Anil A. Bharath (ICDP, 2015)

Appearance-based indoor localization: A comparison of patch descriptor performance. - Jose Rivera-Rubio; Ioannis Alexiou; Anil A. Bharath (Pattern Recognit. Lett., 2015)

A data augmentation methodology for training machine/deep learning gait recognition algorithms. - Christoforos C. Charalambous; Anil A. Bharath (BMVC, 2016)

Adversarial Training for Sketch Retrieval. - Antonia Creswell; Anil Anthony Bharath (ECCV Workshops (1), 2016)

Improving Sampling from Generative Autoencoders with Markov Chains. - Kai Arulkumaran; Antonia Creswell; Anil Anthony Bharath (CoRR, 2016)

Classifying Options for Deep Reinforcement Learning. - Kai Arulkumaran; Nat Dilokthanakul; Murray Shanahan; Anil Anthony Bharath (CoRR, 2016)

Task Specific Adversarial Cost Function. - Antonia Creswell; Anil A. Bharath (CoRR, 2016)

An assistive haptic interface for appearance-based indoor navigation. - Jose Rivera-Rubio; Kai Arulkumaran; Hemang Rishi; Ioannis Alexiou; Anil A. Bharath (Comput. Vis. Image Underst., 2016)

Recurrently Decomposable 2-D Convolvers for FPGA-Based Digital Image Processing. - Zhao-Bin Ma; Yang Yang 023; Yun-Xia Liu 001; Anil Anthony Bharath (IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II Express Briefs, 2016)

A Brief Survey of Deep Reinforcement Learning. - Kai Arulkumaran; Marc Peter Deisenroth; Miles Brundage; Anil Anthony Bharath (CoRR, 2017)

On denoising autoencoders trained to minimise binary cross-entropy. - Antonia Creswell; Kai Arulkumaran; Anil A. Bharath (CoRR, 2017)

LatentPoison - Adversarial Attacks On The Latent Space. - Antonia Creswell; Anil A. Bharath; Biswa Sengupta (CoRR, 2017)

Conditional Autoencoders with Adversarial Information Factorization. - Antonia Creswell; Anil A. Bharath; Biswa Sengupta (CoRR, 2017)

Deep Reinforcement Learning: A Brief Survey. - Kai Arulkumaran; Marc Peter Deisenroth; Miles Brundage; Anil Anthony Bharath (IEEE Signal Process. Mag., 2017)

A Multi-task Network to Detect Junctions in Retinal Vasculature. - Fatmatülzehra Uslu; Anil Anthony Bharath (MICCAI (2), 2018)

Inverting The Generator Of A Generative Adversarial Network (II). - Antonia Creswell; Anil A. Bharath (CoRR, 2018)

Approximating the solution to wave propagation using deep neural networks. - Wilhelm E. Sorteberg; Stef Garasto; Alison S. Pouplin; Chris D. Cantwell; Anil A. Bharath (CoRR, 2018)

Denoising adversarial autoencoders: classifying skin lesions using limited labelled training data. - Antonia Creswell; Alison Pouplin; Anil A. Bharath (IET Comput. Vis., 2018)

Generative Adversarial Networks: An Overview. - Antonia Creswell; Tom White; Vincent Dumoulin; Kai Arulkumaran; Biswa Sengupta; Anil A. Bharath (IEEE Signal Process. Mag., 2018)

Approximating the Solution of Surface Wave Propagation Using Deep Neural Networks. - Wilhelm E. Sorteberg; Stef Garasto; Chris D. Cantwell; Anil A. Bharath (INNSBDDL, 2019)

A Maximum Entropy Deep Reinforcement Learning Neural Tracker. - Shafa Balaram; Kai Arulkumaran; Tianhong Dai; Anil Anthony Bharath (MLMI@MICCAI, 2019)

Image Synthesis with a Convolutional Capsule Generative Adversarial Network. - Cher Bass; Tianhong Dai; Benjamin Billot; Kai Arulkumaran; Antonia Creswell; Claudia Clopath; Vincenzo De Paola; Anil Anthony Bharath (MIDL, 2019)

Deep Reinforcement Learning for Subpixel Neural Tracking. - Tianhong Dai; Magda Dubois; Kai Arulkumaran; Jonathan Campbell; Cher Bass; Benjamin Billot; Fatmatülzehra Uslu; Vincenzo De Paola; Claudia Clopath; Anil Anthony Bharath (MIDL, 2019)

Neural Sampling Strategies for Visual Stimulus Reconstruction from Two-photon Imaging of Mouse Primary Visual Cortex. - Stef Garasto; Wilten Nicola; Anil A. Bharath; Simon R. Schultz (NER, 2019)

A Recursive Ensemble Learning Approach With Noisy Labels or Unlabeled Data. - Yuchen Wang; Yang Yang 023; Yun-Xia Liu 001; Anil Anthony Bharath (IEEE Access, 2019)

Rethinking multiscale cardiac electrophysiology with machine learning and predictive modelling. - Chris D. Cantwell; Yumnah Mohamied; Konstantinos N. Tzortzis; Stef Garasto; Charles Houston; Rasheda A. Chowdhury; Fu Siong Ng; Anil A. Bharath; Nicholas S. Peters (Comput. Biol. Medicine, 2019)

Memory-Efficient Episodic Control Reinforcement Learning with Dynamic Online k-means. - Andrea Agostinelli; Kai Arulkumaran; Marta Sarrico; Pierre Richemond; Anil Anthony Bharath (CoRR, 2019)

Sample-Efficient Reinforcement Learning with Maximum Entropy Mellowmax Episodic Control. - Marta Sarrico; Kai Arulkumaran; Andrea Agostinelli; Pierre Richemond; Anil Anthony Bharath (CoRR, 2019)

Analysing Deep Reinforcement Learning Agents Trained with Domain Randomisation. - Tianhong Dai; Kai Arulkumaran; Samyakh Tukra; Feryal M. P. Behbahani; Anil Anthony Bharath (CoRR, 2019)

A recursive Bayesian approach to describe retinal vasculature geometry. - Fatmatülzehra Uslu; Anil Anthony Bharath (Pattern Recognit., 2019)

Denoising Adversarial Autoencoders. - Antonia Creswell; Anil Anthony Bharath (IEEE Trans. Neural Networks Learn. Syst., 2019)

Inverting the Generator of a Generative Adversarial Network. - Antonia Creswell; Anil Anthony Bharath (IEEE Trans. Neural Networks Learn. Syst., 2019)

A Semi-Automatic Method To Segment The Left Atrium in MR Volumes With Varying Slice Numbers. - Fatmatülzehra Uslu; Marta Varela; Anil A. Bharath (EMBC, 2020)

Strain maps of the left atrium imaged with a novel high-resolution CINE MRI protocol. - Marta Varela; Sandro F. Queirós; Mustafa Anjari; Teresa Correia; Andrew P. King; Anil A. Bharath; Jack Lee (EMBC, 2020)

Incorporating Human Priors into Deep Reinforcement Learning for Robotic Control. - Manon Flageat; Kai Arulkumaran; Anil A. Bharath (ESANN, 2020)

Left Atrial Ejection Fraction Estimation Using SEGANet for Fully Automated Segmentation of CINE MRI. - Ana Lourenço; Eric Kerfoot; Connor Dibblin; Ebraham Alskaf; Mustafa Anjari; Anil A. Bharath; Andrew P. King; Henry Chubb; Teresa Correia; Marta Varela (M&Ms and EMIDEC/STACOM@MICCAI, 2020)

Comparing recurrent and convolutional neural networks for predicting wave propagation. - Stathi Fotiadis; Eduardo Pignatelli; Mario Lino Valencia; Chris D. Cantwell; Amos J. Storkey; Anil A. Bharath (CoRR, 2020)

Episodic Self-Imitation Learning with Hindsight. - Tianhong Dai; Hengyan Liu; Anil Anthony Bharath (CoRR, 2020)

Simulating Surface Wave Dynamics with Convolutional Networks. - Mario Lino Valencia; Chris D. Cantwell; Stathi Fotiadis; Eduardo Pignatelli; Anil A. Bharath (CoRR, 2020)

PERI-Net: a parameter efficient residual inception network for medical image segmentation. - Fatmatülzehra Uslu; Cher Bass; Anil A. Bharath (Turkish J. Electr. Eng. Comput. Sci., 2020)

Diversity-Based Trajectory and Goal Selection with Hindsight Experience Replay. - Tianhong Dai; Hengyan Liu; Kai Arulkumaran; Guangyu Ren; Anil Anthony Bharath (PRICAI (3), 2021)

Tempera: Spatial Transformer Feature Pyramid Network for Cardiac MRI Segmentation. - Christoforos Galazis; Huiyi Wu; Zhuoyu Li; Camille Petri; Anil A. Bharath; Marta Varela (STACOM@MICCAI, 2021)

Simulating Continuum Mechanics with Multi-Scale Graph Neural Networks. - Mario Lino; Chris D. Cantwell; Anil A. Bharath; Stathi Fotiadis (CoRR, 2021)

Disentangling ODE parameters from dynamics in VAEs. - Stathi Fotiadis; Mario Lino; Chris D. Cantwell; Anil A. Bharath (CoRR, 2021)

Efficient Source Camera Identification with Diversity-Enhanced Patch Selection and Deep Residual Prediction. - Yunxia Liu 001; Zeyu Zou; Yang Yang 023; Bonnie Ngai-Fong Law; Anil Anthony Bharath (Sensors, 2021)

Detecting Aortic Valve Pathology from the 3-Chamber Cine Cardiac MRI View. - Kavitha Vimalesvaran; Fatmatülzehra Uslu; Sameer Zaman; Christoforos Galazis; James Howard; Graham Cole; Anil A. Bharath (MICCAI (1), 2022)

REMuS-GNN: A Rotation-Equivariant Model for Simulating Continuum Dynamics. - Mario Lino; Stathi Fotiadis; Anil A. Bharath; Chris D. Cantwell (TAG-ML, 2022)

Towards Fast Simulation of Environmental Fluid Mechanics with Multi-Scale Graph Neural Networks. - Mario Lino; Stathi Fotiadis; Anil A. Bharath; Chris D. Cantwell (CoRR, 2022)

Estimating Cardiac Tissue Conductivity from Electrograms with Fully Convolutional Networks. - Konstantinos Ntagiantas; Eduardo Pignatelli; Nicholas S. Peters; Chris D. Cantwell; Rasheda A. Chowdhury; Anil A. Bharath (CoRR, 2022)

Analysing deep reinforcement learning agents trained with domain randomisation. - Tianhong Dai; Kai Arulkumaran; Tamara Gerbert; Samyakh Tukra; Feryal M. P. Behbahani; Anil Anthony Bharath (Neurocomputing, 2022)

Diversity-augmented intrinsic motivation for deep reinforcement learning. - Tianhong Dai; Yali Du 001; Meng Fang; Anil Anthony Bharath (Neurocomputing, 2022)

LA-Net: A Multi-Task Deep Network for the Segmentation of the Left Atrium. - Fatmatülzehra Uslu; Marta Varela; Georgia Boniface; Thakshayene Mahenthran; Henry Chubb; Anil A. Bharath (IEEE Trans. Medical Imaging, 2022)

Automatic Aortic Valve Pathology Detection from 3-Chamber Cine MRI with Spatio-Temporal Attention Maps. - Y. On; Kavitha Vimalesvaran; Christoforos Galazis; Sameer Zaman; James Howard; N. Linton; N. Peters; Graham Cole; Anil A. Bharath; Marta Varela (FIMH, 2023)

Prototype of a Cardiac MRI Simulator for the Training of Supervised Neural Networks. - Marta Varela; Anil A. Bharath (FIMH, 2023)

Disentangled Generative Models for Robust Prediction of System Dynamics. - Stathi Fotiadis; Mario Lino Valencia; Shunlong Hu; Stef Garasto; Chris D. Cantwell; Anil Anthony Bharath (ICML, 2023)

TMS-Net: A segmentation network coupled with a run-time quality control method for robust cardiac image segmentation. - Fatmatülzehra Uslu; Anil A. Bharath (Comput. Biol. Medicine, 2023)

High-resolution 3D Maps of Left Atrial Displacements using an Unsupervised Image Registration Neural Network. - Christoforos Galazis; Anil Anthony Bharath; Marta Varela (CoRR, 2023)

High-Resolution Maps of Left Atrial Displacements and Strains Estimated with 3D CINE MRI and Unsupervised Neural Networks. - Christoforos Galazis; Samuel Shepperd; Emma Brouwer; Sandro F. Queirós; Ebraham Alskaf; Mustafa Anjari; Amedeo Chiribiri; Jack Lee; Anil A. Bharath; Marta Varela (CoRR, 2023)

Classification of Mitral Regurgitation from Cardiac Cine MRI Using Clinically-Interpretable Morphological Features. - Y. On; Kavitha Vimalesvaran; Sameer Zaman; Matthew J. Shun-Shin; James Howard; N. Linton; Graham Cole; Anil A. Bharath; Marta Varela (CMRxRecon/MBAS/STACOM@MICCAI, 2024)

Estimation of fibre architecture and scar in myocardial tissue using electrograms: An in-silico study. - Konstantinos Ntagiantas; Eduardo Pignatelli; Nicholas S. Peters; Chris D. Cantwell; Rasheda A. Chowdhury; Anil A. Bharath (Biomed. Signal Process. Control., 2024)

PINNing Cerebral Blood Flow: Analysis of Perfusion MRI in Infants using Physics-Informed Neural Networks. - Christoforos Galazis; Ching-En Chiu; Tomoki Arichi; Anil A. Bharath; Marta Varela (CoRR, 2024)

A Piecewise Gaussian Process Model for Evaluating Training and Performance of Time-Series Pipelines. - Anil Anthony Bharath (DSP, 2025)

Generating Realistic Multi-Beat ECG Signals. - Paul Pöhl; Viktor Schlegel; Hao Li; Anil A. Bharath (DSP, 2025)

STPE: An Energy-Efficient Edge-Device Transformer Inference Processor with Multi-Mode Data-Compression Scheme. - Zhou Wang 005; Haochen Du; Vivek Mohan; Jiuren Zhou; Zhou Shu; Yanqing Xu; Baoyi Han; Xiaonan Tang; Shushan Qiao; Shouyi Yin; Anil A. Bharath; Emmanuel M. Drakakis (ISCAS, 2025)

Architectural Exploration of Hybrid Neural Decoders for Neuromorphic Implantable BMI. - Vivek Mohan; Biyan Zhou; Zhou Wang 005; Anil A. Bharath; Emmanuel M. Drakakis; Arindam Basu (ISCAS, 2025)

GPE: A High-Performance Edge GNN Inference Processor with Multi-Parallelism Format-Variation Mechanism. - Zhou Wang 005; Haochen Du; Jiuren Zhou; Zhou Shu; Yanqing Xu; Vivek Mohan; Baoyi Han; Xiaonan Tang; Shushan Qiao; Shouyi Yin; Anil A. Bharath; Emmanuel M. Drakakis (ISCAS, 2025)

Generating Synthetic Data with Formal Privacy Guarantees: State of the Art and the Road Ahead. - Viktor Schlegel; Anil A. Bharath; Zilong Zhao; Kevin Yee (CoRR, 2025)

High-Resolution Maps of Left Atrial Displacements and Strains Estimated With 3D Cine MRI Using Online Learning Neural Networks. - Christoforos Galazis; Samuel Shepperd; Emma J. P. Brouwer; Sandro F. Queirós; Ebraham Alskaf; Mustafa Anjari; Amedeo Chiribiri; Jack Lee; Anil A. Bharath; Marta Varela (IEEE Trans. Medical Imaging, 2025)

Securing the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT): Real-World Attack Taxonomy and Practical Security Measures. - Suman Deb; Emil Lupu; Emm Mic Drakakis; Anil Anthony Bharath; Zhen Kit Leung; Guang Rui Ma; Anupam Chattopadhyay (CoRR, 2025)