Linking received packet to the transmitter through physical-fingerprinting of controller area network. - Omid Avatefipour; Azeem Hafeez; Muhammad Tayyab; Hafiz Malik (WIFS, 2017)

Detecting CAN Bus Intrusion by Applying Machine Learning Method to Graph Based Features. - Rafi Ud Daula Refat; Abdulrahman Abu Elkhail; Azeem Hafeez; Hafiz Malik (IntelliSys (3), 2021)

Vehicle Security: A Survey of Security Issues and Vulnerabilities, Malware Attacks and Defenses. - Abdulrahman Abu Elkhail; Rafi Ud Daula Refat; Ricardo Habre; Azeem Hafeez; Anys Bacha; Hafiz Malik (IEEE Access, 2021)

Fingerprinting ECUs to Implement Vehicular Security for Passenger Safety Using Machine Learning Techniques. - Samuel Bellaire; Matthew Bayer; Azeem Hafeez; Rafi Ud Daula Refat; Hafiz Malik (IntelliSys (3), 2022)

ECU Identification using Neural Network Classification and Hyperparameter Tuning. - Kunaal Verma; Mansi Girdhar; Azeem Hafeez; Selim S. Awad (WIFS, 2022)

Source Linking Framework in Vehicular Networks for Security of Electric Vehicles using Machine Learning. - Farzan Majeed Noori; Azeem Hafeez; Hafiz Malik; Md. Zia Uddin; Jim Torresen (VNC, 2023)

Enhancing ECU identification security in CAN networks using distortion modeling and neural networks. - Azeem Hafeez; Hafiz Malik; Aun Irtaza; Md. Zia Uddin; Farzan Majeed Noori (Frontiers Comput. Sci., 2025)