DeepSeek-V2: A Strong, Economical, and Efficient Mixture-of-Experts Language Model. - DeepSeek-AI; Aixin Liu; Bei Feng; Bin Wang 065; Bingxuan Wang; Bo Liu 039; Chenggang Zhao; Chengqi Deng; Chong Ruan; Damai Dai; Daya Guo; Dejian Yang; et al. (CoRR, 2024)

DeepSeek-Coder-V2: Breaking the Barrier of Closed-Source Models in Code Intelligence. - DeepSeek-AI; Qihao Zhu; Daya Guo; Zhihong Shao; Dejian Yang; Peiyi Wang; Runxin Xu; Y. Wu; Yukun Li; Huazuo Gao; Shirong Ma; Wangding Zeng; et al. (CoRR, 2024)

DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report. - DeepSeek-AI; Aixin Liu; Bei Feng; Bing Xue; Bingxuan Wang; Bochao Wu; Chengda Lu; Chenggang Zhao; Chengqi Deng; Chenyu Zhang; Chong Ruan; Damai Dai; et al. (CoRR, 2024)

DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning. - DeepSeek-AI; Daya Guo; Dejian Yang; Haowei Zhang; Junxiao Song; Ruoyu Zhang; Runxin Xu; Qihao Zhu; Shirong Ma; Peiyi Wang; Xiao Bi; Xiaokang Zhang; et al. (CoRR, 2025)