An Analysis of the Use of Graphics for Information Retrieval. - Mark D. Dunlop; Ian Ruthven (MIRO, 1995)

The Troubles with Using a Logical Model of IR on a Large Collection of Documents. - Fabio Crestani; Ian Ruthven; Mark Sanderson; C. J. van Rijsbergen (TREC, 1995)

Report on the Glasgow IR group (glair4) submission. - Mark Sanderson; Ian Ruthven (TREC, 1996)

A Model for Structured Document Retrieval: Empirical Investigations. - Mounia Lalmas; Ian Ruthven (HIM, 1997)

Representing and retrieving structured documents using the Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence: modelling and evaluation. - Mounia Lalmas; Ian Ruthven (J. Documentation, 1998)

Selective Relevance Feedback Using Term Characteristics. - Ian Ruthven; Mounia Lalmas (CoLIS, 1999)

A Framework for Investigating the Interaction in Information Retrieval. - Mounia Lalmas; Ian Ruthven (EJC, 1999)

Question Answering, Relevance Feedback and Summarisation: TREC-9 Interactive Track Report. - Neill Alexander; Craig Brown; Joemon M. Jose; Ian Ruthven; Anastasios Tombros (TREC, 2000)

Incorporating Aspects of Information Use into Relevance Feedback. - Ian Ruthven (Inf. Retr., 2000)

Web Document Summarisation: A Task-oriented Evaluation. - Ryen White; Ian Ruthven; Joemon M. Jose (DEXA Workshop, 2001)

Empirical Investigations on Query Modification Using Abductive Explanations. - Ian Ruthven; C. J. van Rijsbergen; Mounia Lalmas (SIGIR, 2001)

Query-Based Web Page Summarisation: A Task-Oriented Evaluation. - Ryen White; Joemon M. Jose; Ian Ruthven (SIGIR, 2001)

Comparing Explicit and Implicit Feedback Techniques for Web Retrieval: TREC-10 Interactive Track Report. - Ryen White; Joemon M. Jose; Ian Ruthven (TREC, 2001)

Abduction, explanation and relevance feedback. - Ian Ruthven (2001)

Building Bilingual Dictionaries from Parallel Web Documents. - Craig J. A. McEwan; Iadh Ounis; Ian Ruthven (ECIR, 2002)

The Accessibility Dimension for Structured Document Retrieval. - Thomas Rölleke; Mounia Lalmas; Gabriella Kazai; Ian Ruthven; Stefan Quicker (ECIR, 2002)

The Use of Implicit Evidence for Relevance Feedback in Web Retrieval. - Ryen White; Ian Ruthven; Joemon M. Jose (ECIR, 2002)

On the Use of Explanations as Mediating Device for Relevance Feedback. - Ian Ruthven (ECDL, 2002)

A system using implicit feedback and top ranking sentences to help users find relevant web documents. - Ryen White; Joemon M. Jose; Ian Ruthven (SIGIR, 2002)

Finding relevant documents using top ranking sentences: an evaluation of two alternative schemes. - Ryen White; Ian Ruthven; Joemon M. Jose (SIGIR, 2002)

Combining and selecting characteristics of information use. - Ian Ruthven; Mounia Lalmas; C. J. van Rijsbergen (J. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol., 2002)

Using Dempster-Shafer's Theory of Evidence to Combine Aspects of Information Use. - Ian Ruthven; Mounia Lalmas (J. Intell. Inf. Syst., 2002)

An approach for implicitly detecting information needs. - Ryen White; Joemon M. Jose; Ian Ruthven (CIKM, 2003)

Clustering Top-Ranking Sentences for Information Access. - Anastasios Tombros; Joemon M. Jose; Ian Ruthven (ECDL, 2003)

Abductive retrieval for multimedia information seeking. - Mounia Lalmas; Thomas Rölleke; Ian Ruthven (HCI (4), 2003)

Clustering the Information Space Using Top-Ranking Sentences: A Study of User Interaction. - Anastasios Tombros; Joemon M. Jose; Ian Ruthven; Ryen W. White (INTERACT, 2003)

Re-examining the potential effectiveness of interactive query expansion. - Ian Ruthven (SIGIR, 2003)

Searchers' criteria For assessing web pages. - Anastasios Tombros; Ian Ruthven; Joemon M. Jose (SIGIR, 2003)

Using Top-Ranking Sentences for Web Search Result Presentation. - Ryen W. White; Joemon M. Jose; Ian Ruthven (WWW (Posters), 2003)

A task-oriented study on the influencing effects of query-biased summarisation in web searching. - Ryen White; Joemon M. Jose; Ian Ruthven (Inf. Process. Manag., 2003)

Incorporating user search behavior into relevance feedback. - Ian Ruthven; Mounia Lalmas; C. J. van Rijsbergen (J. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol., 2003)

A survey on the use of relevance feedback for information access systems. - Ian Ruthven; Mounia Lalmas (Knowl. Eng. Rev., 2003)

Searcher's Assessments of Task Complexity for Web Searching. - David J. Bell; Ian Ruthven (ECIR, 2004)

A Simulated Study of Implicit Feedback Models. - Ryen W. White; Joemon M. Jose; C. J. van Rijsbergen; Ian Ruthven (ECIR, 2004)

Applied Informetrics for Information Retrieval Research. - Ian Ruthven (J. Documentation, 2004)

Evaluating User Studies in Information Access. - Alex Bailey; Ian Ruthven; Leif Azzopardi (CoLIS, 2005)

A study of factors affecting the utility of implicit relevance feedback. - Ryen W. White; Ian Ruthven; Joemon M. Jose (SIGIR, 2005)

University of Strathclyde at TREC HARD. - Mark Baillie; David Elsweiler; Emma Nicol; Ian Ruthven; Simon O. Sweeney; Murat Yakici; Fabio Crestani; Monica Landoni (TREC, 2005)

How users assess Web pages for information seeking. - Anastasios Tombros; Ian Ruthven; Joemon M. Jose (J. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol., 2005)

Using top-ranking sentences to facilitate effective information access. - Ryen W. White; Joemon M. Jose; Ian Ruthven (J. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol., 2005)

Evaluating implicit feedback models using searcher simulations. - Ryen W. White; Ian Ruthven; Joemon M. Jose; C. J. van Rijsbergen (ACM Trans. Inf. Syst., 2005)

The Effects on Topic Familiarity on Online Search Behaviour and Use of Relevance Criteria. - Lei Wen; Ian Ruthven; Pia Borlund (ECIR, 2006)

Examining assessor attributes at HARD 2005. - Mark Baillie; Ian Ruthven (SIGIR, 2006)

Contextual Information and Assessor Characteristics in Complex Question Answering. - Cindy Azzopardi; Leif Azzopardi; Mark Baillie; Ralf Bierig; Emma Nicol; Ian Ruthven; Scott Sweeney (TREC, 2006)

An implicit feedback approach for interactive information retrieval. - Ryen W. White; Joemon M. Jose; Ian Ruthven (Inf. Process. Manag., 2006)

A study of interface support mechanisms for interactive information retrieval. - Ryen W. White; Ian Ruthven (J. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol., 2006)

A Retrieval Evaluation Methodology for Incomplete Relevance Assessments. - Mark Baillie; Leif Azzopardi; Ian Ruthven (ECIR, 2007)

Towards task-based personal information management evaluations. - David Elsweiler; Ian Ruthven (SIGIR, 2007)

Intra-assessor consistency in question answering. - Ian Ruthven; Leif Azzopardi; Mark Baillie; Ralf Bierig; Emma Nicol; Simon O. Sweeney; Murat Yakici (SIGIR, 2007)

Modelling epistemic uncertainty in ir evaluation. - Murat Yakici; Mark Baillie; Ian Ruthven; Fabio Crestani (SIGIR, 2007)

Persuasive, Authorative and Topical Answers for Complex Question Answering. - Leif Azzopardi; Mark Baillie; Ian Ruthven (TREC, 2007)

Introduction to special issue on contextual information retrieval systems. - Fabio Crestani; Ian Ruthven (Inf. Retr., 2007)

Towards memory supporting personal information management tools. - David Elsweiler; Ian Ruthven; Christopher Jones (J. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol., 2007)

The relative effects of knowledge, interest and confidence in assessing relevance. - Ian Ruthven; Mark Baillie; David Elsweiler (J. Documentation, 2007)

Workshop on web information seeking and interaction. - Kerry Rodden; Ian Ruthven; Ryen W. White (SIGIR Forum, 2007)

A Comparison of Named Entity Patterns from a User Analysis and a System Analysis. - Masnizah Mohd; Fabio Crestani; Ian Ruthven (ECIR, 2008)

The context of the interface. - Ian Ruthven (IIiX, 2008)

Interactive information retrieval. - Ian Ruthven (Annu. Rev. Inf. Sci. Technol., 2008)

Evaluating epistemic uncertainty under incomplete assessments. - Mark Baillie; Leif Azzopardi; Ian Ruthven (Inf. Process. Manag., 2008)

Introduction to the special issue on evaluating interactive information retrieval systems. - Pia Borlund; Ian Ruthven (Inf. Process. Manag., 2008)

Contextual factors affecting the utility of surrogates within exploratory search. - Ian Ruthven; Mark Baillie; Leif Azzopardi; Ralf Bierig; Emma Nicol; Simon O. Sweeney; Murat Yaciki (Inf. Process. Manag., 2008)

30th European Conference in Information Retrieval (ECIR 2008). - Iadh Ounis; Ian Ruthven; Vassilis Plachouras (SIGIR Forum, 2008)

Exploring memory in email refinding. - David Elsweiler; Mark Baillie; Ian Ruthven (ACM Trans. Inf. Syst., 2008)

Design of an Interface for Interactive Topic Detection and Tracking. - Masnizah Mohd; Fabio Crestani; Ian Ruthven (FQAS, 2009)

Folksonomic Tag Clouds as an Aid to Content Indexing - Morgan Harvey; Mark Baillie; Ian Ruthven; David Elsweiler (CoRR, 2009)

On Understanding the Relationship Between Recollection and Refinding. - David Elsweiler; Mark Baillie; Ian Ruthven (J. Digit. Inf., 2009)

The Evolution of Genre in Wikipedia. - Malcolm Clark; Ian Ruthven; Patrik O'Brian Holt (J. Lang. Technol. Comput. Linguistics, 2009)

The use of relevance criteria during predictive judgment: An eye tracking approach. - Panos Balatsoukas; Ian Ruthven (ASIST, 2010)

Ranking social bookmarks using topic models. - Morgan Harvey; Ian Ruthven; Mark James Carman (CIKM, 2010)

Colouring the Dimensions of Relevance. - Ulises Cerviño Beresi; Yunhyong Kim; Mark Baillie; Ian Ruthven; Dawei Song 001 (ECIR, 2010)

Tripartite Hidden Topic Models for Personalised Tag Suggestion. - Morgan Harvey; Mark Baillie; Ian Ruthven; Mark James Carman (ECIR, 2010)

Enabling Interactive Query Expansion through Eliciting the Potential Effect of Expansion Terms. - Nuzhah Gooda Sahib; Anastasios Tombros; Ian Ruthven (ECIR, 2010)

Relevance in Technicolor. - Ulises Cerviño Beresi; Yunhyong Kim; Dawei Song 001; Ian Ruthven; Mark Baillie (ECDL, 2010)

A New Focus on End Users: Eye-Tracking Analysis for Digital Libraries. - Jonathan Sykes; Milena Dobreva; Duncan Birrell; Emma McCulloch; Ian Ruthven; Yurdagül Ünal; Pierluigi Feliciati (ECDL, 2010)

Interactive Search Interfaces for Young Children - The PuppyIR Approach. - Andreas Lingnau; Ian Ruthven; Monica Landoni; Frans van der Sluis (ICALT, 2010)

What eyes can tell about the use of relevance criteria during predictive relevance judgment? - Panos Balatsoukas; Ian Ruthven (IIiX, 2010)

The emotional impact of search tasks. - Arti Poddar; Ian Ruthven (IIiX, 2010)

First impressions: how search engine results contextualise digital identities. - Ian Ruthven; Caroline Clews; Wajihah Haji Md Dali (IIiX, 2010)

Why did you pick that? Visualising relevance criteria in exploratory search. - Ulises Cerviño Beresi; Yunhyong Kim; Dawei Song 001; Ian Ruthven (Int. J. Digit. Libr., 2010)

Towards accessible search systems. - Pavel Serdyukov; Djoerd Hiemstra; Ian Ruthven (SIGIR Forum, 2010)

Information Retrieval in Context. - Ian Ruthven (Advanced Topics in Information Retrieval, 2011)

Evaluating Real Patent Retrieval Effectiveness. - Anthony J. Trippe; Ian Ruthven (Current Challenges in Patent Information Retrieval, 2011)

The fun semantic differential scales. - Yusrita Mohd Yusoff; Ian Ruthven; Monica Landoni (IDC, 2011)

Bayesian latent variable models for collaborative item rating prediction. - Morgan Harvey; Mark James Carman; Ian Ruthven; Fabio Crestani (CIKM, 2011)

What Makes Re-finding Information Difficult? A Study of Email Re-finding. - David Elsweiler; Mark Baillie; Ian Ruthven (ECIR, 2011)

Escaping Information Poverty through Internet Newsgroups. - Laura Hasler; Ian Ruthven (ICWSM, 2011)

Improving social bookmark search using personalised latent variable language models. - Morgan Harvey; Ian Ruthven; Mark James Carman (WSDM, 2011)

Enriching Children's Experiences During and After a Museum Visit. - Andreas Lingnau; Betsy van Dijk; Hub Kockelkorn; Jeldrik Schmuch; Ian Ruthven (ICALT, 2012)

Graphical representation and similarity measurement of relevance judgments on the web. - Panos Balatsoukas; Ian Ruthven (IIiX, 2012)

Looking for genre: the use of structural features during search tasks with Wikipedia. - Malcolm Clark; Ian Ruthven; Patrik O'Brian Holt; Dawei Song 001 (IIiX, 2012)

Grieving online: the use of search engines in times of grief and bereavement. - Ian Ruthven (IIiX, 2012)

An eye-tracking approach to the analysis of relevance judgments on the Web: The case of Google search engine. - Panos Balatsoukas; Ian Ruthven (J. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol., 2012)

Homelessness and access to the informational mainstream. - Thomas H. Muggleton; Ian Ruthven (J. Documentation, 2012)

Evaluation of an interactive topic detection and tracking interface. - Masnizah Mohd; Fabio Crestani; Ian Ruthven (J. Inf. Sci., 2012)

A classification scheme for content analyses of YouTube video comments. - Amy Madden; Ian Ruthven; David McMenemy (J. Documentation, 2013)

You have e-mail, what happens next? Tracking the eyes for genre. - Malcolm Clark; Ian Ruthven; Patrik O'Brian Holt; Dawei Song 001; Stuart N. K. Watt (Inf. Process. Manag., 2014)

Using internet groups in situations of information poverty: Topics and information needs. - Laura Hasler; Ian Ruthven; Steven Buchanan (J. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol., 2014)

Relevance behaviour in TREC. - Ian Ruthven (J. Documentation, 2014)

Sharing happy information: responses and self-portrayal. - Fiona Tinto; Ian Ruthven (Inf. Res., 2015)

The everyday life information seeking behaviours of first-time mothers. - Katherine Loudon; Steven Buchanan; Ian Ruthven (J. Documentation, 2015)

Sharing "happy" information. - Fiona Tinto; Ian Ruthven (J. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol., 2016)

Investigating the information gaps in refugee integration. - Olubukola Oduntan; Ian Ruthven (ASIST, 2017)

Developing Information Literacy in Dependent and Disadvantaged Circumstances: A Transitional Approach in the Digital Health Context. - Steven Buchanan; Cara Jardine; Ian Ruthven (ECIL, 2017)

Overview of Special Issue. - James Allan; Nicholas J. Belkin; Paul N. Bennett; Jamie Callan; Charles L. A. Clarke; Fernando Diaz 001; Susan T. Dumais; Nicola Ferro 001; Donna Harman; Djoerd Hiemstra; Ian Ruthven; Tetsuya Sakai; et al. (SIGIR Forum, 2017)

Relationships, environment, health and development: The information needs expressed online by young first-time mothers. - Ian Ruthven; Steven Buchanan; Cara Jardine (J. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol., 2018)

Isolated, overwhelmed, and worried: Young first-time mothers asking for information and support online. - Ian Ruthven; Steven Buchanan; Cara Jardine (J. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol., 2018)

Users' relevance criteria for video in leisure contexts. - Sarah Ahmed A. Albassam; Ian Ruthven (J. Documentation, 2018)

Making Meaning: A Focus for Information Interactions Research. - Ian Ruthven (CHIIR, 2019)

The Information Needs Matrix: A navigational guide for refugee integration. - Olubukola Oduntan; Ian Ruthven (Inf. Process. Manag., 2019)

The language of information need: Differentiating conscious and formalized information needs. - Ian Ruthven (Inf. Process. Manag., 2019)

Information behaviors in disadvantaged and dependent circumstances and the role of information intermediaries. - Steven Buchanan; Cara Jardine; Ian Ruthven (J. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol., 2019)

The MUSETECH Model: A Comprehensive Evaluation Framework for Museum Technology. - Areti Damala; Ian Ruthven; Eva Hornecker (ACM Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage, 2019)

Editorial Note for Special Issue on the Evaluation of Digital Cultural Resources - January 2019. - Maria Economou; Ian Ruthven; Areti Galani; Milena Dobreva; Marco de Niet (ACM Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage, 2019)

Information need: Introduction to the special issue. - Pia Borlund; Ian Ruthven (Inf. Process. Manag., 2020)

Dynamic aspects of relevance: differences in users' relevance criteria between selecting and viewing videos during leisure searches. - Sarah Ahmed A. Albassam; Ian Ruthven (Inf. Res., 2020)

Fighting Fires and Powering Steam Locomotives: Distribution of Control and Its Role in Social Interaction at Tangible Interactive Museum Exhibits. - Loraine Clarke; Eva Hornecker; Ian Ruthven (CHI, 2021)

Untangling the Concept of Task in Information Seeking and Retrieval. - Ayah Soufan; Ian Ruthven; Leif Azzopardi (ICTIR, 2021)

People and places: Bridging the information gaps in refugee integration. - Olubukola Oduntan; Ian Ruthven (J. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol., 2021)

Resonance and the experience of relevance. - Ian Ruthven (J. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol., 2021)

Engaging interaction and long-term engagement with WhatsApp in an everyday life context: exploratory study. - Juan-Antonio Martínez-Comeche; Ian Ruthven (J. Documentation, 2021)

Information Intermediaries and Information Resilience: Working to Support Marginalised Groups. - Emma Nicol; Rebekah Willson; Ian Ruthven; David Elsweiler; George Buchanan 001 (ASIST, 2022)

Searching the Literature: An Analysis of an Exploratory Search Task. - Ayah Soufan; Ian Ruthven; Leif Azzopardi (CHIIR, 2022)

"She Seems More Human": Understanding Twitter Users' Credibility Assessments of Dementia-Related Information. - Fatimah Alhayan; Diane Rasmussen Pennington; Ian Ruthven (iConference (2), 2022)

An information behavior theory of transitions. - Ian Ruthven (J. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol., 2022)

Exploring older people's challenges on online banking/finance systems: Early findings. - Dain Thomas; Gobinda Chowdhury; Ian Ruthven (CHIIR, 2023)

Information overload: a concept analysis. - Mohamed Amine Belabbes; Ian Ruthven; Yashar Moshfeghi; Diane Rasmussen Pennington (J. Documentation, 2023)

Can you feel it? The information behaviour of creative DJs. - Keith Munro; Ian Ruthven; Perla Innocenti (J. Documentation, 2023)

Contemporary spiritual seeking: understanding information interactions in contemplation and spirituality. - Pranay Nangia; Ian Ruthven (J. Documentation, 2023)

The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdowns on Public Libraries in the UK: Findings from a National Study. - David McMenemy; Elaine Robinson; Ian Ruthven (Public Libr. Q., 2023)

Informational features of WhatsApp in everyday life in Madrid: An exploratory study. - Juan-Antonio Martínez-Comeche; Ian Ruthven (J. Inf. Sci., 2023)

Delivering services in the new normal: Recording the experiences of UK public library staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. - Elaine Robinson; Ian Ruthven; David McMenemy (J. Libr. Inf. Sci., 2023)

The value of digital and physical library services in UK public libraries and why they are not interchangeable. - Ian Ruthven; Elaine Robinson; David McMenemy (J. Libr. Inf. Sci., 2023)

The concept of information need and its operationalization in CHIIR research. - Katriina Byström; Sanna Kumpulainen; Nils Pharo; Ian Ruthven (CHIIR, 2024)

Uncharted Territory: Understanding Exploratory Search Behaviours in Literature Reviews. - Ayah Soufan; Ian Ruthven; Leif Azzopardi (CHIIR, 2024)

A Research Study Investigating the Impact of COVID-19 on the Information Needs of International Students in the UK. - Ibrahim Abu Asba; Gobinda Chowdhury; Ian Ruthven (ICADL (1), 2024)

A Framework to Facilitate Older People in Leveraging Online Financial Services. - Dain Thomas; Gobinda Chowdhury; Ian Ruthven (ICADL (1), 2024)

Genre Recognition: A Model of Behaviour. - Malcolm Clark; Ian Ruthven (iConference (1), 2024)

Are Older People Battling with Digital Financial Services? - Dain Thomas; Gobinda Chowdhury; Ian Ruthven (iConference (1), 2024)

God's intermediaries: a study into chaplains' information behaviour. - Kieran Robson; Ian Ruthven; Perla Innocenti (Inf. Res., 2024)

Information shaping. - Ian Ruthven (J. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol., 2024)

Information sculpting. - Ian Ruthven (J. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol., 2024)

Online Information Disclosure and Information Privacy Practices During Significant Life Transitions: A Scoping Review. - Ryan Colin Gibson; Ramsay Meiklem; Wendy Moncur; Ian Ruthven (CHIIR, 2025)

Preface, Organisation, and Table of Content. - Perla Innocenti; Emma Nicol; Ian Ruthven (Inf. Res., 2025)

Singing in the rain: the role of umbrella concepts in library and information science. - Ian Ruthven; Alison Hicks; Pamela J. McKenzie; Jenny Bronstein; Jette Seiden Hyldegård; Gunilla Widén (Inf. Res., 2025)

Exploring pilgrims' information behaviour and spiritual skills development. - Ebtihal Wafa; Perla Innocenti; Ian Ruthven (Inf. Res., 2025)

A review of the literature on spirituality and religion in information research - 1990 to 2022. - Pranay Nangia; Ian Ruthven (J. Documentation, 2025)

Grey digital divide: factors associated with older people's use of the Internet for financial transactions in the UK. - Dain Thomas; Gobinda Chowdhury; Ian Ruthven (J. Documentation, 2025)

Information avoidance: A critical conceptual review. An Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST) paper. - Alison Hicks; Pamela J. McKenzie; Jenny Bronstein; Jette Seiden Hyldegård; Ian Ruthven; Gunilla Widén (J. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol., 2025)