Optimising Neural Networks with Fine-Grained Forward-Forward Algorithm: A Novel Backpropagation-Free Training Algorithm. - James Gong; Bruce Li; Waleed Abdulla (APSIPA, 2024)

Mono-Forward: Backpropagation-Free Algorithm for Efficient Neural Network Training Harnessing Local Errors. - James Gong; Bruce Li; Waleed Abdulla (CoRR, 2025)