Discovering hidden causes using statistical evidence. - Christopher G. Lucas; Kenneth Holstein; Charles Kemp (CogSci, 2014)

Inferring causal structure and hidden causes from event sequences. - Christopher G. Lucas; Kenneth Holstein; Michael Pacer (CogSci, 2015)

Towards Understanding How to Leverage Sense-making, Induction/Refinement and Fluency to Improve Robust Learning. - Shayan Doroudi; Kenneth Holstein; Vincent Aleven; Emma Brunskill (EDM, 2015)

Developing a Teacher Dashboard For Use with Intelligent Tutoring Systems. - Vincent Aleven; Franceska Xhakaj; Kenneth Holstein; Bruce M. McLaren (IWTA@EC-TEL, 2016)

Luna: A Dashboard for Teachers Using Intelligent Tutoring Systems. - Kenneth Holstein; Franceska Xhakaj; Vincent Aleven; Bruce M. McLaren (IWTA@EC-TEL, 2016)

Sequence Matters, But How Do I Discover How? Towards a Workflow for Evaluating Activity Sequences from Data. - Shayan Doroudi; Kenneth Holstein; Vincent Aleven; Emma Brunskill (EDM (Workshops), 2016)

Sequence Matters, But How Exactly? A Method for Evaluating Activity Sequences from Data. - Shayan Doroudi; Kenneth Holstein; Vincent Aleven; Emma Brunskill (EDM, 2016)

Intelligent tutors as teachers' aides: exploring teacher needs for real-time analytics in blended classrooms. - Kenneth Holstein; Bruce M. McLaren; Vincent Aleven (LAK, 2017)

SPACLE: investigating learning across virtual and physical spaces using spatial replays. - Kenneth Holstein; Bruce M. McLaren; Vincent Aleven (LAK, 2017)

Student Learning Benefits of a Mixed-Reality Teacher Awareness Tool in AI-Enhanced Classrooms. - Kenneth Holstein; Bruce M. McLaren; Vincent Aleven (AIED (1), 2018)

Opening Up an Intelligent Tutoring System Development Environment for Extensible Student Modeling. - Kenneth Holstein; Zac Yu; Jonathan Sewall; Octav Popescu; Bruce M. McLaren; Vincent Aleven (AIED (1), 2018)

Informing the Design of Teacher Awareness Tools through Causal Alignment Analysis. - Kenneth Holstein; Bruce M. McLaren; Vincent Aleven (ICLS, 2018)

Orchestration tools for teachers in the context of individual and collaborative learning: what information do teachers need and what do they do with it? - Anouschka van Leeuwen; Nikol Rummel; Kenneth Holstein; Bruce M. McLaren; Vincent Aleven; Inge Molenaar; Carolien Knoop van Campen; Baruch B. Schwarz; Naomi Prusak; Osama Swidan; Avi Segal; Kobi Gal (ICLS, 2018)

The classroom as a dashboard: co-designing wearable cognitive augmentation for K-12 teachers. - Kenneth Holstein; Gena Hong; Mera Tegene; Bruce M. McLaren; Vincent Aleven (LAK, 2018)

What exactly do students learn when they practice equation solving?: refining knowledge components with the additive factors model. - Yanjin Long; Kenneth Holstein; Vincent Aleven (LAK, 2018)

Designing for Complementarity: Teacher and Student Needs for Orchestration Support in AI-Enhanced Classrooms. - Kenneth Holstein; Bruce M. McLaren; Vincent Aleven (AIED (1), 2019)

Improving Fairness in Machine Learning Systems: What Do Industry Practitioners Need? - Kenneth Holstein; Jennifer Wortman Vaughan; Hal Daumé III; Miroslav Dudík; Hanna M. Wallach (CHI, 2019)

Early Detection of Wheel Spinning: Comparison across Tutors, Models, Features, and Operationalizations. - Chuankai Zhang; Yanzun Huang; Jingyu Wang; Dongyang Lu; Weiqi Fang; John C. Stamper; Stephen Fancsali; Kenneth Holstein; Vincent Aleven (EDM, 2019)

Co-Designing a Real-Time Classroom Orchestration Tool to Support Teacher-AI Complementarity. - Kenneth Holstein; Bruce M. McLaren; Vincent Aleven (J. Learn. Anal., 2019)

Replay Enactments: Exploring Possible Futures through Historical Data. - Kenneth Holstein; Erik Harpstead; Rebecca Gulotta; Jodi Forlizzi (Conference on Designing Interactive Systems, 2020)

Towards Practical Detection of Unproductive Struggle. - Stephen E. Fancsali; Kenneth Holstein; Michael Sandbothe; Steven Ritter 001; Bruce M. McLaren; Vincent Aleven (AIED (2), 2020)

A Conceptual Framework for Human-AI Hybrid Adaptivity in Education. - Kenneth Holstein; Vincent Aleven; Nikol Rummel (AIED (1), 2020)

The TA Framework: Designing Real-time Teaching Augmentation for K-12 Classrooms. - Pengcheng An; Kenneth Holstein; Bernice d'Anjou; Berry Eggen; Saskia Bakker (CHI, 2020)

Exploring Human-AI Control Over Dynamic Transitions Between Individual and Collaborative Learning. - Vanessa Echeverría; Kenneth Holstein; Jennifer Huang; Jonathan Sewall; Nikol Rummel; Vincent Aleven (EC-TEL, 2020)

Probing Learning Scientists' Beliefs About Learning and Science. - Shayan Doroudi; Kenneth Holstein; Petr Johanes (ICLS, 2020)

Teachers' Orchestration Needs During the Shift to Remote Learning. - LuEttaMae Lawrence; Kenneth Holstein; Susan R. Berman; Stephen Fancsali; Bruce M. McLaren; Steven Ritter 001; Vincent Aleven (EC-TEL, 2021)

SimPairing - Exploring Dynamic Pairing Policies through Historical Data Simulation and User-centered Research. - Kexin Bella Yang; Xuejian Wang; Vanessa Echeverría; LuEttaMae Lawrence; Kenneth Holstein; Nikol Rummel; Vincent Aleven (EDM, 2021)

Equity and Artificial Intelligence in Education: Will "AIEd" Amplify or Alleviate Inequities in Education? - Kenneth Holstein; Shayan Doroudi (CoRR, 2021)

Characterizing Human Explanation Strategies to Inform the Design of Explainable AI for Building Damage Assessment. - Donghoon Shin; Sachin Grover; Kenneth Holstein; Adam Perer (CoRR, 2021)

Everyday Algorithm Auditing: Understanding the Power of Everyday Users in Surfacing Harmful Algorithmic Behaviors. - Hong Shen 004; Alicia DeVos; Motahhare Eslami; Kenneth Holstein (Proc. ACM Hum. Comput. Interact., 2021)

Can Crowds Customize Instructional Materials with Minimal Expert Guidance?: Exploring Teacher-guided Crowdsourcing for Improving Hints in an AI-based Tutor. - Kexin Bella Yang; Tomohiro Nagashima; Junhui Yao; Joseph Jay Williams; Kenneth Holstein; Vincent Aleven (Proc. ACM Hum. Comput. Interact., 2021)

"Why Do I Care What's Similar?" Probing Challenges in AI-Assisted Child Welfare Decision-Making through Worker-AI Interface Design Concepts. - Anna Kawakami; Venkatesh Sivaraman; Logan Stapleton; Hao Fei Cheng; Adam Perer; Zhiwei Steven Wu; Haiyi Zhu; Kenneth Holstein (Conference on Designing Interactive Systems, 2022)

"A Second Voice": Investigating Opportunities and Challenges for Interactive Voice Assistants to Support Home Health Aides. - Vince Bartle; Janice Lyu; Freesoul El Shabazz-Thompson; Yunmin Oh; Angela Anqi Chen; Yu-Jan Chang; Kenneth Holstein; Nicola Dell (CHI, 2022)

How Child Welfare Workers Reduce Racial Disparities in Algorithmic Decisions. - Hao Fei Cheng; Logan Stapleton; Anna Kawakami; Venkatesh Sivaraman; Yanghuidi Cheng; Diana Qing; Adam Perer; Kenneth Holstein; Zhiwei Steven Wu; Haiyi Zhu (CHI, 2022)

Toward User-Driven Algorithm Auditing: Investigating users' strategies for uncovering harmful algorithmic behavior. - Alicia DeVos; Aditi Dhabalia; Hong Shen 004; Kenneth Holstein; Motahhare Eslami (CHI, 2022)

Improving Human-AI Partnerships in Child Welfare: Understanding Worker Practices, Challenges, and Desires for Algorithmic Decision Support. - Anna Kawakami; Venkatesh Sivaraman; Hao Fei Cheng; Logan Stapleton; Yanghuidi Cheng; Diana Qing; Adam Perer; Zhiwei Steven Wu; Haiyi Zhu; Kenneth Holstein (CHI, 2022)

Who Has an Interest in "Public Interest Technology"?: Critical Questions for Working with Local Governments & Impacted Communities. - Logan Stapleton; Devansh Saxena; Anna Kawakami; Tonya Nguyen; Asbjørn Ammitzbøll Flügge; Motahhare Eslami; Naja L. Holten Møller; Min Kyung Lee; Shion Guha; Kenneth Holstein; Haiyi Zhu (CSCW Companion, 2022)

Exploring How Machine Learning Practitioners (Try To) Use Fairness Toolkits. - Wesley Hanwen Deng; Manish Nagireddy; Michelle Seng Ah Lee; Jatinder Singh; Zhiwei Steven Wu; Kenneth Holstein; Haiyi Zhu (FAccT, 2022)

Imagining new futures beyond predictive systems in child welfare: A qualitative study with impacted stakeholders. - Logan Stapleton; Min Hun Lee; Diana Qing; Marya Wright; Alexandra Chouldechova; Ken Holstein; Zhiwei Steven Wu; Haiyi Zhu (FAccT, 2022)

Ethics of AI in Education: Towards a Community-Wide Framework. - Wayne Holmes; Kaska Porayska-Pomsta; Ken Holstein; Emma Sutherland; Toby Baker; Simon Buckingham Shum; Olga C. Santos; Maria Mercedes T. Rodrigo; Mutlu Cukurova; Ig Ibert Bittencourt; Kenneth R. Koedinger (Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ., 2022)

Designing for Human-AI Complementarity in K-12 Education. - Kenneth Holstein; Vincent Aleven (AI Mag., 2022)

A Unifying Framework for Combining Complementary Strengths of Humans and ML toward Better Predictive Decision-Making. - Charvi Rastogi; Liu Leqi; Kenneth Holstein; Hoda Heidari (CoRR, 2022)

Extended Analysis of "How Child Welfare Workers Reduce Racial Disparities in Algorithmic Decisions". - Logan Stapleton; Hao Fei Cheng; Anna Kawakami; Venkatesh Sivaraman; Yanghuidi Cheng; Diana Qing; Adam Perer; Kenneth Holstein; Zhiwei Steven Wu; Haiyi Zhu (CoRR, 2022)

Team Learning as a Lens for Designing Human-AI Co-Creative Systems. - Frederic Gmeiner; Kenneth Holstein; Nikolas Martelaro (CoRR, 2022)

Understanding Practices, Challenges, and Opportunities for User-Driven Algorithm Auditing in Industry Practice. - Wesley Hanwen Deng; Bill Boyuan Guo; Alicia DeVrio; Hong Shen 004; Motahhare Eslami; Kenneth Holstein (CoRR, 2022)

Towards a Learner-Centered Explainable AI: Lessons from the learning sciences. - Anna Kawakami; Luke Guerdan; Yang Cheng; Anita Sun; Alison Hu; Kate Glazko; Nikos Aréchiga; Matthew L. Lee; Scott A. Carter; Haiyi Zhu; Kenneth Holstein (CoRR, 2022)

Part of the Conversation: Workforce Professionals' Perspectives on the Roles and Impacts of Workforce Technologies. - Connie W. Chau; Kenneth Holstein; Michael Madaio (Proc. ACM Hum. Comput. Interact., 2022)

Workshop on Trust and Reliance in AI-Human Teams (TRAIT). - Gagan Bansal; Zana Buçinca; Kenneth Holstein; Jessica Hullman; Alison Marie Smith-Renner; Simone Stumpf; Sherry Wu (CHI Extended Abstracts, 2023)

Zeno: An Interactive Framework for Behavioral Evaluation of Machine Learning. - Ángel Alexander Cabrera; Erica Fu; Donald Bertucci; Kenneth Holstein; Ameet Talwalkar; Jason I. Hong; Adam Perer (CHI, 2023)

Understanding Practices, Challenges, and Opportunities for User-Engaged Algorithm Auditing in Industry Practice. - Wesley Hanwen Deng; Bill Boyuan Guo; Alicia DeVrio; Hong Shen 004; Motahhare Eslami; Kenneth Holstein (CHI, 2023)

Exploring Challenges and Opportunities to Support Designers in Learning to Co-create with AI-based Manufacturing Design Tools. - Frederic Gmeiner; Humphrey Yang; Lining Yao; Kenneth Holstein; Nikolas Martelaro (CHI, 2023)

Understanding Frontline Workers' and Unhoused Individuals' Perspectives on AI Used in Homeless Services. - Tzu-Sheng Kuo; Hong Shen 004; Jisoo Geum; Nev Jones; Jason I. Hong; Haiyi Zhu; Kenneth Holstein (CHI, 2023)

AI Literacy: Finding Common Threads between Education, Design, Policy, and Explainability. - Duri Long; Jessica Roberts; Brian Magerko; Kenneth Holstein; Daniella DiPaola; Fred Martin (CHI Extended Abstracts, 2023)

Pair-Up: Prototyping Human-AI Co-orchestration of Dynamic Transitions between Individual and Collaborative Learning in the Classroom. - Kexin Bella Yang; Vanessa Echeverría; Zijing Lu; Hongyu Mao; Kenneth Holstein; Nikol Rummel; Vincent Aleven (CHI, 2023)

Training Towards Critical Use: Learning to Situate AI Predictions Relative to Human Knowledge. - Anna Kawakami; Luke Guerdan; Yanghuidi Cheng; Kate Glazko; Matthew L. Lee; Scott A. Carter; Nikos Aréchiga; Haiyi Zhu; Kenneth Holstein (CI, 2023)

LLMs and the Infrastructure of CSCW. - Chinmay Kulkarni 001; Tongshuang Wu; Kenneth Holstein; Q. Vera Liao; Min Kyung Lee; Mina Lee 002; Hariharan Subramonyam (CSCW Companion, 2023)

Supporting User Engagement in Testing, Auditing, and Contesting AI. - Wesley Hanwen Deng; Michelle S. Lam; Ángel Alexander Cabrera; Danaë Metaxa; Motahhare Eslami; Kenneth Holstein (CSCW Companion, 2023)

Community-driven AI: Empowering people through responsible data-driven decision-making. - Ruyuan Wan; Adriana Alvarado Garcia; Devansh Saxena; Catalina Vajiac; Anna Kawakami; Logan Stapleton; Haiyi Zhu; Kenneth Holstein; Heloisa Candello; Karla A. Badillo-Urquiola (CSCW Companion, 2023)

Investigating Practices and Opportunities for Cross-functional Collaboration around AI Fairness in Industry Practice. - Wesley Hanwen Deng; Nur Yildirim; Monica Chang; Motahhare Eslami; Kenneth Holstein; Michael Madaio (FAccT, 2023)

Counterfactual Prediction Under Outcome Measurement Error. - Luke Guerdan; Amanda Coston; Kenneth Holstein; Zhiwei Steven Wu (FAccT, 2023)

Ground(less) Truth: A Causal Framework for Proxy Labels in Human-Algorithm Decision-Making. - Luke Guerdan; Amanda Coston; Zhiwei Steven Wu; Kenneth Holstein (FAccT, 2023)

A Validity Perspective on Evaluating the Justified Use of Data-driven Decision-making Algorithms. - Amanda Coston; Anna Kawakami; Haiyi Zhu; Ken Holstein; Hoda Heidari (SaTML, 2023)

Recentering Validity Considerations through Early-Stage Deliberations Around AI and Policy Design. - Anna Kawakami; Amanda Coston; Haiyi Zhu; Hoda Heidari; Kenneth Holstein (CoRR, 2023)

Towards "Anytime, Anywhere" Community Learning and Engagement around the Design of Public Sector AI. - Wesley Hanwen Deng; Motahhare Eslami; Kenneth Holstein (CoRR, 2023)

Toward Supporting Perceptual Complementarity in Human-AI Collaboration via Reflection on Unobservables. - Kenneth Holstein; Maria De-Arteaga; Lakshmi Tumati; Yanghuidi Cheng (Proc. ACM Hum. Comput. Interact., 2023)

Evaluating the Impact of Human Explanation Strategies on Human-AI Visual Decision-Making. - Katelyn Morrison; Donghoon Shin; Kenneth Holstein; Adam Perer (Proc. ACM Hum. Comput. Interact., 2023)

AI Failure Loops in Feminized Labor: Understanding the Interplay of Workplace AI and Occupational Devaluation. - Anna Kawakami; Jordan Taylor; Sarah E. Fox; Haiyi Zhu; Ken Holstein (AIES (1), 2024)

Trust and Reliance in Evolving Human-AI Workflows (TREW). - Zahra Ashktorab; Gagan Bansal; Zana Buçinca; Kenneth Holstein; Jessica Hullman; Alison Marie Smith-Renner; Tongshuang Wu; Wenjuan Zhang (CHI Extended Abstracts, 2024)

An Evidence-based Workflow for Studying and Designing Learning Supports for Human-AI Co-creation. - Frederic Gmeiner; Jamie Lynn Conlin; Eric Handa Tang; Nikolas Martelaro; Kenneth Holstein (CHI Extended Abstracts, 2024)

The Situate AI Guidebook: Co-Designing a Toolkit to Support Multi-Stakeholder, Early-stage Deliberations Around Public Sector AI Proposals. - Anna Kawakami; Amanda Coston; Haiyi Zhu; Hoda Heidari; Kenneth Holstein (CHI, 2024)

Wikibench: Community-Driven Data Curation for AI Evaluation on Wikipedia. - Tzu-Sheng Kuo; Aaron Lee Halfaker; Zirui Cheng; Jiwoo Kim; Meng-Hsin Wu; Tongshuang Wu; Kenneth Holstein; Haiyi Zhu (CHI, 2024)

Collaboratively Designing and Evaluating Responsible AI Interventions. - Wesley Hanwen Deng; Glen Berman; Harmanpreet Kaur; Reva Schwartz; Memunat Ajoke Ibrahim; Motahhare Eslami; Kenneth Holstein; Michael Madaio (CSCW Companion, 2024)

Practicing Inclusivity in AI: Stakeholder Engagement Policy in Action. - Tina M. Park; Adriana Alvarado Garcia; Juana Catalina Becerra Sandoval; Jiyoo Chang; Bill Curtis-Davidson; Remi Denton; Seeta Peña Gangadharan; Lara Groves; Jerremy Holland; Kenneth Holstein; Tamara Kneese; Jacob Metcalf; et al. (CSCW Companion, 2024)

Building, Shifting, & Employing Power: A Taxonomy of Responses From Below to Algorithmic Harm. - Alicia DeVrio; Motahhare Eslami; Kenneth Holstein (FAccT, 2024)

AI Failure Cards: Understanding and Supporting Grassroots Efforts to Mitigate AI Failures in Homeless Services. - Ningjing Tang; Jiayin Zhi; Tzu-Sheng Kuo; Calla Kainaroi; Jeremy J. Northup; Kenneth Holstein; Haiyi Zhu; Hoda Heidari; Hong Shen 004 (FAccT, 2024)

Predictive Performance Comparison of Decision Policies Under Confounding. - Luke Guerdan; Amanda Coston; Ken Holstein; Steven Wu 001 (ICML, 2024)

Don't be Fooled: The Misinformation Effect of Explanations in Human-AI Collaboration. - Philipp Spitzer; Joshua Holstein; Katelyn Morrison; Kenneth Holstein; Gerhard Satzger; Niklas Kühl 001 (CoRR, 2024)

AI Policy Projector: Grounding LLM Policy Design in Iterative Mapmaking. - Michelle S. Lam; Fred Hohman; Dominik Moritz; Jeffrey P. Bigham; Kenneth Holstein; Mary Beth Kery (CoRR, 2024)

Studying Up Public Sector AI: How Networks of Power Relations Shape Agency Decisions Around AI Design and Use. - Anna Kawakami; Amanda Coston; Hoda Heidari; Kenneth Holstein; Haiyi Zhu (Proc. ACM Hum. Comput. Interact., 2024)

Carefully Unmaking the "Marginalized User": A Diffractive Analysis of a Gay Online Community. - Jordan Taylor; Wesley Hanwen Deng; Kenneth Holstein; Sarah E. Fox; Haiyi Zhu (ACM Trans. Comput. Hum. Interact., 2024)

Exploring the Potential of Metacognitive Support Agents for Human-AI Co-Creation. - Frederic Gmeiner; Kaitao Luo; Ye Wang; Kenneth Holstein; Nikolas Martelaro (Conference on Designing Interactive Systems, 2025)

Making the Right Thing: Bridging HCI and Responsible AI in Early-Stage AI Concept Selection. - Ji-Youn Jung; Devansh Saxena; Minjung Park; Jini Kim; Jodi Forlizzi; Ken Holstein; John Zimmerman (Conference on Designing Interactive Systems, 2025)

Intent Tagging: Exploring Micro-Prompting Interactions for Supporting Granular Human-GenAI Co-Creation Workflows. - Frederic Gmeiner; Nicolai Marquardt; Michael Bentley; Hugo Romat; Michel Pahud; David Brown; Asta Roseway; Nikolas Martelaro; Kenneth Holstein; Ken Hinckley; Nathalie Riche (CHI, 2025)

Collective Meaning Cascades but Strange Ducks Swim Upstream: Facilitating Collective Meaning-making through Co-development of AI Models. - Aaron Lee Halfaker; Tzu-Sheng Kuo; Ciell Brusse; Kenneth Holstein; Haiyi Zhu (CHI Extended Abstracts, 2025)

PolicyCraft: Supporting Collaborative and Participatory Policy Design through Case-Grounded Deliberation. - Tzu-Sheng Kuo; Quan Ze Chen; Amy X. Zhang; Jane Hsieh; Haiyi Zhu; Kenneth Holstein (CHI, 2025)

AI Mismatches: Identifying Potential Algorithmic Harms Before AI Development. - Devansh Saxena; Ji-Youn Jung; Jodi Forlizzi; Kenneth Holstein; John Zimmerman (CHI, 2025)

Unanticipated Lessons from Communities: Navigating Society-CenteredResearch in the AI Era. - Ding Wang; Remi Denton; Anoop K. Sinha; Shruti Sheth; Lauren Wilcox; Maryam Mustafa; Motahhare Eslami; Ken Holstein; Maarten Sap; Angela D. R. Smith; Andrea G. Parker; Neha Kumar 001; et al. (CHI Extended Abstracts, 2025)

WeAudit: Scaffolding User Auditors and AI Practitioners in Auditing Generative AI. - Wesley Hanwen Deng; Wang Claire; Howard Ziyu Han; Jason I. Hong; Kenneth Holstein; Motahhare Eslami (CoRR, 2025)

Validating LLM-as-a-Judge Systems in the Absence of Gold Labels. - Luke Guerdan; Solon Barocas; Kenneth Holstein; Hanna M. Wallach; Zhiwei Steven Wu; Alexandra Chouldechova (CoRR, 2025)

MIRAGE: Multi-model Interface for Reviewing and Auditing Generative Text-to-Image AI. - Matheus Kunzler Maldaner; Wesley Hanwen Deng; Jason I. Hong; Ken Holstein; Motahhare Eslami (CoRR, 2025)

Supporting AI-Augmented Meta-Decision Making with InDecision. - Chance Castañeda; Jessica Mindel; Will Page; Hayden Stec; Manqing Yu; Kenneth Holstein (CoRR, 2025)

Measurement as Bricolage: Examining How Data Scientists Construct Target Variables for Predictive Modeling Tasks. - Luke Guerdan; Devansh Saxena; Stevie Chancellor; Zhiwei Steven Wu; Kenneth Holstein (CoRR, 2025)