Trying to evolve sorting networks in Echo. - Lee K. Graham; Franz Oppacher (IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 2003)

Statistical analysis of heuristics for evolving sorting networks. - Lee K. Graham; Hassan Masum; Franz Oppacher (GECCO, 2005)

Symmetric Comparator Pairs In The Initialization Of Genetic Algorithm Populations For Sorting Networks. - Lee K. Graham; Franz Oppacher (IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 2006)

Test Case Quality Measures in the Optimization of a Genetic Algorithm for Sorting Networks. - Lee K. Graham; Franz Oppacher (IC-AI, 2006)

Analysis of a restricted test case set for a sorting network genetic algorithm. - Lee K. Graham; Franz Oppacher (Artificial Intelligence and Applications, 2007)

A multiple-function toy model of exaptation in a genetic algorithm. - Lee K. Graham; Franz Oppacher (IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 2007)

Irreducible complexity in a genetic algorithm. - Lee K. Graham; Franz Oppacher; Steffen Christensen (IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 2007)

A simple genetic algorithm for reducible complexity. - Lee K. Graham; Steffen Christensen; Franz Oppacher (GECCO, 2007)

Speciation through Exaptation. - Lee K. Graham; Franz Oppacher (ALIFE, 2007)

Hill-Valley. - Lee K. Graham; Franz Oppacher (UCI Machine Learning Repository, 2008)

Beneficial Preadaptation in the Evolution of a 2D Agent Control System with Genetic Programming. - Lee K. Graham; Robert Cattral; Franz Oppacher (EuroGP, 2009)