Modeling and real-time simulation architectures for virtual prototyping of off-road vehicles. - Manoj Karkee; Brian L. Steward; Atul G. Kelkar; Zachary T. Kemp (Virtual Real., 2011)

Real-time Simulation of Dynamic Vehicle Models using a High-performance Reconfigurable Platform. - Madhu Monga; Manoj Karkee; Song Sun; Lakshmi Kiran Tondehal; Brian L. Steward; Atul G. Kelkar; Joseph Zambreno (ICCS, 2012)

Sensors and systems for fruit detection and localization: A review. - A. Gongal; Suraj Amatya; Manoj Karkee; Q. Zhang; Karen Lewis (Comput. Electron. Agric., 2015)

Effect of emitter type and mounting configuration on spray coverage for solid set canopy delivery system. - Ajay Sharda; Manoj Karkee; Qin Zhang 012; Igor Ewlanow; Ute Adameit; Jay Brunner (Comput. Electron. Agric., 2015)

Real-time simulation of dynamic vehicle models using a high-performance reconfigurable platform. - Madhu Monga; Daniel Roggow; Manoj Karkee; Song Sun; Lakshmi Kiran Tondehal; Brian L. Steward; Atul G. Kelkar; Joseph Zambreno (Microprocess. Microsystems, 2015)

Proof-of-concept of a robotic apple harvester. - Joseph R. Davidson; Abhisesh Silwal; Cameron J. Hohimer; Manoj Karkee; Changki Mo; Qin Zhang 012 (IROS, 2016)

Apple crop-load estimation with over-the-row machine vision system. - A. Gongal; Abhisesh Silwal; Suraj Amatya; Manoj Karkee; Q. Zhang; Karen Lewis (Comput. Electron. Agric., 2016)

Characterizing apple picking patterns for robotic harvesting. - Jun Li 089; Manoj Karkee; Qin Zhang 012; Kehui Xiao; Tao Feng (Comput. Electron. Agric., 2016)

Effect of catching surface and tilt angle on bruise damage of sweet cherry due to mechanical impact. - Jianfeng Zhou; Long He; Manoj Karkee; Qin Zhang 012 (Comput. Electron. Agric., 2016)

Design, integration, and field evaluation of a robotic apple harvester. - Abhisesh Silwal; Joseph R. Davidson; Manoj Karkee; Changki Mo; Qin Zhang 012; Karen Lewis (J. Field Robotics, 2017)

Automated Detection of Branch Shaking Locations for Robotic Cherry Harvesting Using Machine Vision. - Suraj Amatya; Manoj Karkee; Qin Zhang 012; Matthew D. Whiting (Robotics, 2017)

Branch detection for apple trees trained in fruiting wall architecture using depth features and Regions-Convolutional Neural Network (R-CNN). - Jing Zhang; Long He; Manoj Karkee; Qin Zhang 012; Xin Zhang 085; Zongmei Gao (Comput. Electron. Agric., 2018)

The Use of Agricultural Robots in Orchard Management. - Qin Zhang 012; Manoj Karkee; Amy Tabb (CoRR, 2019)

An Efficient Planning and Control Framework for Pruning Fruit Trees. - Alexander You; Fouad Sukkar; Robert Fitch; Manoj Karkee; Joseph R. Davidson (ICRA, 2020)

Application of consumer RGB-D cameras for fruit detection and localization in field: A critical review. - Longsheng Fu; Fangfang Gao; Jingzhu Wu; Rui Li 069; Manoj Karkee; Qin Zhang 012 (Comput. Electron. Agric., 2020)

Multi-class fruit-on-plant detection for apple in SNAP system using Faster R-CNN. - Fangfang Gao; Longsheng Fu; Xin Zhang 085; Yaqoob Majeed; Rui Li 069; Manoj Karkee; Qin Zhang 012 (Comput. Electron. Agric., 2020)

Estimating the trajectories of vine cordons in full foliage canopies for automated green shoot thinning in vineyards. - Yaqoob Majeed; Manoj Karkee; Qin Zhang 012 (Comput. Electron. Agric., 2020)

Determining grapevine cordon shape for automated green shoot thinning using semantic segmentation-based deep learning networks. - Yaqoob Majeed; Manoj Karkee; Qin Zhang 012; Longsheng Fu; Matthew D. Whiting (Comput. Electron. Agric., 2020)

Deep learning based segmentation for automated training of apple trees on trellis wires. - Yaqoob Majeed; Jing Zhang; Xin Zhang 085; Longsheng Fu; Manoj Karkee; Qin Zhang 012; Matthew D. Whiting (Comput. Electron. Agric., 2020)

Multi-class object detection using faster R-CNN and estimation of shaking locations for automated shake-and-catch apple harvesting. - Jing Zhang; Manoj Karkee; Qin Zhang 012; Xin Zhang 085; Yaqoob Majeed; Longsheng Fu; Shumao Wang (Comput. Electron. Agric., 2020)

Research of simulation analysis and experimental optimization of banana de-handing device with self-adaptive profiling function. - Jie Guo; Manoj Karkee; Zhou Yang 005; Han Fu; Jun Li 089; Yinlong Jiang; Tingting Jiang; Enxiu Liu; Jieli Duan (Comput. Electron. Agric., 2021)

Discrete element modeling and physical experiment research on the biomechanical properties of banana bunch stalk for postharvest machine development. - Jie Guo; Manoj Karkee; Zhou Yang 005; Han Fu; Jun Li 089; Yinlong Jiang; Tingting Jiang; Enxiu Liu; Jieli Duan (Comput. Electron. Agric., 2021)

Development and performance evaluation of a machine vision system and an integrated prototype for automated green shoot thinning in vineyards. - Yaqoob Majeed; Manoj Karkee; Qin Zhang 012; Longsheng Fu; Matthew D. Whiting (J. Field Robotics, 2021)

Computer vision-based tree trunk and branch identification and shaking points detection in Dense-Foliage canopy for automated harvesting of apples. - Xin Zhang 085; Manoj Karkee; Qin Zhang 012; Matthew D. Whiting (J. Field Robotics, 2021)

Automated execution of a pest bird deterrence system using a programmable unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). - Santosh Bhusal; Manoj Karkee; Uddhav Bhattarai; Yaqoob Majeed; Qin Zhang 012 (Comput. Electron. Agric., 2022)

Canopy-attention-YOLOv4-based immature/mature apple fruit detection on dense-foliage tree architectures for early crop load estimation. - Shenglian Lu; Wenkang Chen; Xin Zhang 085; Manoj Karkee (Comput. Electron. Agric., 2022)

A weakly-supervised approach for flower/fruit counting in apple orchards. - Uddhav Bhattarai; Manoj Karkee (Comput. Ind., 2022)

An autonomous robot for pruning modern, planar fruit trees. - Alexander You; Nidhi Parayil; Josyula Gopala Krishna; Uddhav Bhattarai; Ranjan Sapkota; Dawood Ahmed; Matthew D. Whiting; Manoj Karkee; Cindy M. Grimm; Joseph R. Davidson (CoRR, 2022)

Swin-transformer-yolov5 For Real-time Wine Grape Bunch Detection. - Shenglian Lu; Xiaoyu Liu; Zixaun He; Manoj Karkee; Xin Zhang 085 (CoRR, 2022)

Design and development of remote-control system for two-wheel paddy transplanter. - Shiv Kumar Lohan; Mahesh Kumar Narang; Manjeet Singh; Derminder Singh; H. S. Sidhu; Sukhmeet Singh; Anoop Kumar Dixit; Manoj Karkee (J. Field Robotics, 2022)

Swin-Transformer-YOLOv5 for Real-Time Wine Grape Bunch Detection. - Shenglian Lu; Xiaoyu Liu; Zixuan He; Xin Zhang 085; Wenbo Liu; Manoj Karkee (Remote. Sens., 2022)

Design, Modeling, and Control of a Low-Cost and Rapid Response Soft-Growing Manipulator for Orchard Operations. - Ryan Dorosh; Justin Allen; Zixuan He; Christopher Ninatanta; Jack Coleman; Jack Spieker; Ethan Tuck; Jordan Kurtz; Qin Zhang 012; Matthew D. Whiting; Jiecai Luo; Manoj Karkee; et al. (IROS, 2023)

Machine Vision System for Early-stage Apple Flowers and Flower Clusters Detection for Precision Thinning and Pollination. - Salik Ram Khanal; Ranjan Sapkota; Dawood Ahmed; Uddhav Bhattarai; Manoj Karkee (CoRR, 2023)

Machine Vision-Based Crop-Load Estimation Using YOLOv8. - Dawood Ahmed; Ranjan Sapkota; Martin Churuvija; Manoj Karkee (CoRR, 2023)

Real-time Strawberry Detection Based on Improved YOLOv5s Architecture for Robotic Harvesting in open-field environment. - Zixuan He; Salik Ram Khanal; Xin Zhang 085; Manoj Karkee; Qin Zhang 012 (CoRR, 2023)

Robotic Pollination of Apples in Commercial Orchards. - Ranjan Sapkota; Dawood Ahmed; Salik Ram Khanal; Uddhav Bhattarai; Changki Mo; Matthew D. Whiting; Manoj Karkee (CoRR, 2023)

Comparing YOLOv8 and Mask RCNN for object segmentation in complex orchard environments. - Ranjan Sapkota; Dawood Ahmed; Manoj Karkee (CoRR, 2023)

Estimation of harvested fruit weight using volume measurements with distance sensors: A case study with olives in a big box. - Sergio Bayano-Tejero; Manoj Karkee; Antonio Rodríguez-Lizana; Rafael R. Sola-Guirado (Comput. Electron. Agric., 2023)

Automated pruning decisions in dormant sweet cherry canopies using instance segmentation. - Daniel Borrenpohl; Manoj Karkee (Comput. Electron. Agric., 2023)

Decision-support system for precision regulated deficit irrigation management for wine grapes. - Chenchen Kang; Geraldine Diverres; Manoj Karkee; Qin Zhang 012; Markus Keller (Comput. Electron. Agric., 2023)

Estimating soil and grapevine water status using ground based hyperspectral imaging under diffused lighting conditions: Addressing the effect of lighting variability in vineyards. - Chenchen Kang; Geraldine Diverres; Paudel Achyut; Manoj Karkee; Qin Zhang 012; Markus Keller (Comput. Electron. Agric., 2023)

Semiautonomous Precision Pruning of Upright Fruiting Offshoot Orchard Systems: An Integrated Approach. - Alexander You; Nidhi Parayil; Josyula Gopala Krishna; Uddhav Bhattarai; Ranjan Sapkota; Dawood Ahmed; Matthew D. Whiting; Manoj Karkee; Cindy M. Grimm; Joseph R. Davidson (IEEE Robotics Autom. Mag., 2023)

Design and Evaluation of a Lightweight Soft Electrical Apple Harvesting Gripper. - Christopher Ninatanta; Ryan Cole; Ian Wells; Ariel Ramos; Justin Pilgrim; Jacob Benedict; Ryan Taylor; Ryan Dorosh; Kyle T. Yoshida; Manoj Karkee; Ming Luo 004 (RoboSoft, 2024)

Immature Green Apple Detection and Sizing in Commercial Orchards Using YOLOv8 and Shape Fitting Techniques. - Ranjan Sapkota; Dawood Ahmed; Martin Churuvija; Manoj Karkee (IEEE Access, 2024)

AgRegNet: A deep regression network for flower and fruit density estimation, localization, and counting in orchards. - Uddhav Bhattarai; Santosh Bhusal; Qin Zhang 012; Manoj Karkee (Comput. Electron. Agric., 2024)

Tree detection and in-row localization for autonomous precision orchard management. - Jostan Brown; Paudel Achyut; Deven Biehler; Ashley Thompson; Manoj Karkee; Cindy Grimm; Joseph R. Davidson (Comput. Electron. Agric., 2024)

Determination and quantitative evaluation of early postharvest hidden damage in fresh strawberry fruit based on coupling of dynamic finite element method and response surface methodology. - Jie Guo; Yufei Liu; Manoj Karkee; Xuping Feng; Zichen Huang; Yuwei Wang; Wenkai Zhang; Xiaoli Li; Yong He (Comput. Electron. Agric., 2024)

Technology progress in mechanical harvest of fresh market strawberries. - Jie Guo; Zhou Yang 005; Manoj Karkee; Qianjing Jiang; Xuping Feng; Yong He (Comput. Electron. Agric., 2024)

Assessing grapevine water status through fusion of hyperspectral imaging and 3D point clouds. - Chenchen Kang; Geraldine Diverres; Manoj Karkee; Qin Zhang 012; Markus Keller (Comput. Electron. Agric., 2024)

Machine Vision Based Assessment of Fall Color Changes in Apple Trees: Exploring Relationship with Leaf Nitrogen Concentration. - Paudel Achyut; Jostan Brown; Priyanka Upadhyaya; Atif Bilal Asad; Safal Kshetri; Manoj Karkee; Joseph R. Davidson; Cindy Grimm; Ashley Thompson (CoRR, 2024)

YOLOv10 to Its Genesis: A Decadal and Comprehensive Review of The You Only Look Once Series. - Ranjan Sapkota; Rizwan Qureshi; Marco Flores-Calero; Chetan Badjugar; Upesh Nepal; Alwin Poulose; Peter Zeno; Uday Bhanu Prakash Vaddevolu; Hong Yan 001; Manoj Karkee (CoRR, 2024)

Comprehensive Performance Evaluation of YOLOv10, YOLOv9 and YOLOv8 on Detecting and Counting Fruitlet in Complex Orchard Environments. - Ranjan Sapkota; Zhichao Meng; Dawood Ahmed; Martin Churuvija; Xiaoqiang Du; Zenghong Ma; Manoj Karkee (CoRR, 2024)

A Robotic System for Precision Pollination in Apples: Design, Development and Field Evaluation. - Uddhav Bhattarai; Ranjan Sapkota; Safal Kshetri; Changki Mo; Matthew D. Whiting; Qin Zhang 012; Manoj Karkee (CoRR, 2024)

YOLO11 and Vision Transformers based 3D Pose Estimation of Immature Green Fruits in Commercial Apple Orchards for Robotic Thinning. - Ranjan Sapkota; Manoj Karkee (CoRR, 2024)

Comparing YOLO11 and YOLOv8 for instance segmentation of occluded and non-occluded immature green fruits in complex orchard environment. - Ranjan Sapkota; Manoj Karkee (CoRR, 2024)

Zero-Shot Automatic Annotation and Instance Segmentation using LLM-Generated Datasets: Eliminating Field Imaging and Manual Annotation for Deep Learning Model Development. - Ranjan Sapkota; Paudel Achyut; Manoj Karkee (CoRR, 2024)

Integrating YOLO11 and Convolution Block Attention Module for Multi-Season Segmentation of Tree Trunks and Branches in Commercial Apple Orchards. - Ranjan Sapkota; Manoj Karkee (CoRR, 2024)

Design, integration, and field evaluation of a robotic blossom thinning system for tree fruit crops. - Uddhav Bhattarai; Qin Zhang 012; Manoj Karkee (J. Field Robotics, 2024)

Machine vision-based assessment of fall color changes in apple leaves and its relationship with nitrogen concentration. - Paudel Achyut; Jostan Brown; Priyanka Upadhyaya; Atif Bilal Asad; Safal Kshetri; Joseph R. Davidson; Cindy Grimm; Ashley Thompson; Bernardita V. Sallato; Matthew D. Whiting; Manoj Karkee (Comput. Electron. Agric., 2025)

Estimating optimal crop-load for individual branches in apple tree canopies using YOLOv8. - Dawood Ahmed; Ranjan Sapkota; Martin Churuvija; Manoj Karkee (Comput. Electron. Agric., 2025)

A vision-based robotic system for precision pollination of apples. - Uddhav Bhattarai; Ranjan Sapkota; Safal Kshetri; Changki Mo; Matthew D. Whiting; Qin Zhang 012; Manoj Karkee (Comput. Electron. Agric., 2025)

A pose-versatile imaging system for comprehensive 3D modeling of planar-canopy fruit trees for automated orchard operations. - Martin Churuvija; Ranjan Sapkota; Dawood Ahmed; Manoj Karkee (Comput. Electron. Agric., 2025)

Enhanced machine vision system for field-based detection of pickable strawberries: Integrating an advanced two-step deep learning model merging improved YOLOv8 and YOLOv5-cls. - Zixuan He; Manoj Karkee; Qin Zhang 012 (Comput. Electron. Agric., 2025)

Improving picking efficiency under occlusion: Design, development, and field evaluation of an innovative robotic strawberry harvester. - Zixuan He; Zibo Liu; Zhiyan Zhou; Manoj Karkee; Qin Zhang 012 (Comput. Electron. Agric., 2025)

State-of-the-art in real-time virtual interfaces for tractors and farm machines: A systematic review. - Shiv Kumar Lohan; Chander Prakash; Navjeet Lohan; Sachin Kansal; Manoj Karkee (Comput. Electron. Agric., 2025)

Image, Text, and Speech Data Augmentation using Multimodal LLMs for Deep Learning: A Survey. - Ranjan Sapkota; Shaina Raza; Maged Shoman; Paudel Achyut; Manoj Karkee (CoRR, 2025)

Comprehensive Analysis of Transparency and Accessibility of ChatGPT, DeepSeek, And other SoTA Large Language Models. - Ranjan Sapkota; Shaina Raza; Manoj Karkee (CoRR, 2025)

Improved YOLOv12 with LLM-Generated Synthetic Data for Enhanced Apple Detection and Benchmarking Against YOLOv11 and YOLOv10. - Ranjan Sapkota; Manoj Karkee (CoRR, 2025)

Adaptive Vision-Guided Robotic Arm Control for Precision Pruning in Dynamic Orchard Environments. - Dawood Ahmed; Basit Muhammad Imran; Martin Churuvija; Manoj Karkee (CoRR, 2025)

RF-DETR Object Detection vs YOLOv12 : A Study of Transformer-based and CNN-based Architectures for Single-Class and Multi-Class Greenfruit Detection in Complex Orchard Environments Under Label Ambiguity. - Ranjan Sapkota; Rahul Harsha Cheppally; Ajay Sharda; Manoj Karkee (CoRR, 2025)

A Review of 3D Object Detection with Vision-Language Models. - Ranjan Sapkota; Konstantinos I. Roumeliotis; Rahul Harsha Cheppally; Marco Flores-Calero; Manoj Karkee (CoRR, 2025)

Plant Disease Detection through Multimodal Large Language Models and Convolutional Neural Networks. - Konstantinos I. Roumeliotis; Ranjan Sapkota; Manoj Karkee; Nikolaos D. Tselikas; Dimitrios K. Nasiopoulos (CoRR, 2025)

Design, Integration, and Evaluation of a Dual-Arm Robotic System for High Throughput Tissue Sampling from Potato Tubers. - L. G. Divyanth; Syed Usama Bin Sabir; Divya Rathore; Lav R. Khot; Chakradhar Mattupalli; Manoj Karkee (CoRR, 2025)

Vision-Language-Action Models: Concepts, Progress, Applications and Challenges. - Ranjan Sapkota; Yang Cao; Konstantinos I. Roumeliotis; Manoj Karkee (CoRR, 2025)

Vibe Coding vs. Agentic Coding: Fundamentals and Practical Implications of Agentic AI. - Ranjan Sapkota; Konstantinos I. Roumeliotis; Manoj Karkee (CoRR, 2025)

TRiSM for Agentic AI: A Review of Trust, Risk, and Security Management in LLM-based Agentic Multi-Agent Systems. - Shaina Raza; Ranjan Sapkota; Manoj Karkee; Christos Emmanouilidis (CoRR, 2025)

UAVs Meet Agentic AI: A Multidomain Survey of Autonomous Aerial Intelligence and Agentic UAVs. - Ranjan Sapkota; Konstantinos I. Roumeliotis; Manoj Karkee (CoRR, 2025)

Thinking Beyond Tokens: From Brain-Inspired Intelligence to Cognitive Foundations for Artificial General Intelligence and its Societal Impact. - Rizwan Qureshi; Ranjan Sapkota; Abbas Shah; Amgad Muneer; Anas Zafar; Ashmal Vayani; Maged Shoman; Abdelrahman B. M. Eldaly; Kai Zhang; Ferhat Sadak; Shaina Raza; Xinqi Fan; et al. (CoRR, 2025)

3D Reconstruction and Information Fusion between Dormant and Canopy Seasons in Commercial Orchards Using Deep Learning and Fast GICP. - Ranjan Sapkota; Zhichao Meng; Martin Churuvija; Xiaoqiang Du; Zenghong Ma; Manoj Karkee (CoRR, 2025)

Orchestrator-Agent Trust: A Modular Agentic AI Visual Classification System with Trust-Aware Orchestration and RAG-Based Reasoning. - Konstantinos I. Roumeliotis; Ranjan Sapkota; Manoj Karkee; Nikolaos D. Tselikas (CoRR, 2025)

Integrating Feature Selection and Machine Learning for Nitrogen Assessment in Grapevine Leaves using In-Field Hyperspectral Imaging. - Atif Bilal Asad; Paudel Achyut; Safal Kshetri; Chenchen Kang; Salik Ram Khanal; Nataliya Shcherbatyuk; Pierre Davadant; R. Paul Schreiner; Santosh Kalauni; Manoj Karkee; Markus Keller (CoRR, 2025)

YOLO advances to its genesis: a decadal and comprehensive review of the You Only Look Once (YOLO) series. - Ranjan Sapkota; Marco Flores-Calero; Rizwan Qureshi; Chetan Badgujar; Upesh Nepal; Alwin Poulose; Peter Zeno; Uday Bhanu Prakash Vaddevolu; Sheheryar Khan; Maged Shoman; Hong Yan 001; Manoj Karkee (Artif. Intell. Rev., 2025)

Object detection with multimodal large vision-language models: An in-depth review. - Ranjan Sapkota; Manoj Karkee (Inf. Fusion, 2026)

AI Agents vs. Agentic AI: A Conceptual taxonomy, applications and challenges. - Ranjan Sapkota; Konstantinos I. Roumeliotis; Manoj Karkee (Inf. Fusion, 2026)