Alignment and Safety in Large Language Models: Safety Mechanisms, Training Paradigms, and Emerging Challenges. - Haoran Lu; Luyang Fang; Ruidong Zhang; Xinliang Li; Jiazhang Cai; Huimin Cheng; Lin Tang; Ziyu Liu; Zeliang Sun; Tao Wang; Yingchuan Zhang; Arif Hassan Zidan; et al. (CoRR, 2025)