Network Aware and Power-Based Resource Allocation in Mobile Ad Hoc Computational Grid. - Sayed Chhattan Shah; Sajjad Hussain Chauhdary; Muhammad Bilal 003; Myong-Soon Park (HPCC/CSS/ICESS, 2014)

A Cache Management Scheme for Efficient Content Eviction and Replication in Cache Networks. - Muhammad Bilal 003; Shin-Gak Kang (IEEE Access, 2017)

A secure key agreement protocol for dynamic group. - Muhammad Bilal 003; Shin-Gak Kang (Clust. Comput., 2017)

Time-assisted authentication protocol. - Muhammad Bilal 003; Shin-Gak Kang (Int. J. Commun. Syst., 2017)

Stochastic numerical treatment for solving Falkner-Skan equations using feedforward neural networks. - Iftikhar Ahmad 010; Siraj-ul-Islam Ahmad; Muhammad Bilal 003; Nabeela Anwar (Neural Comput. Appl., 2017)

Neural network methods to solve the Lane-Emden type equations arising in thermodynamic studies of the spherical gas cloud model. - Iftikhar Ahmad 010; Muhammad Asif Zahoor Raja; Muhammad Bilal 003; Farooq Ashraf (Neural Comput. Appl., 2017)

An Authentication Protocol for Future Sensor Networks. - Muhammad Bilal 003; Shin-Gak Kang (Sensors, 2017)

Effective Caching for the Secure Content Distribution in Information-Centric Networking. - Muhammad Bilal 003; Shin-Gak Kang; Sangheon Pack (VTC Spring, 2018)

Throughput Enhancement by Concurrent Transmission in WPAN with Multiple Antennas. - Muhammad Bilal 003; Moonsoo Kang (CoRR, 2018)

Time Aware Least Recent Used (TLRU) Cache Management Policy in ICN. - Muhammad Bilal 003; Shin-Gak Kang (CoRR, 2018)

An Intelligent Future Mobile Terminal Architecture. - Muhammad Bilal 003 (CoRR, 2018)

Time-Slotted Scheduling Schemes for Multi-hop Concurrent Transmission in WPANs with Directional Antenna. - Muhammad Bilal 003; Moonsoo Kang; Sayed Chhattan Shah; Shin-Gak Kang (CoRR, 2018)

Network-Coding Approach for Information-Centric Networking. - Muhammad Bilal 003 (CoRR, 2018)

Socially-aware congestion control in ad-hoc networks: Current status and the way forward. - Hannan Bin Liaqat; Amjad Ali 002; Junaid Qadir 001; Ali Kashif Bashir; Muhammad Bilal 003; Fiaz Majeed (Future Gener. Comput. Syst., 2019)

Software-Defined Network-Based Vehicular Networks: A Position Paper on Their Modeling and Implementation. - Lionel Nkenyereye; Lewis Nkenyereye; S. M. Riazul Islam; Yoon-Ho Choi; Muhammad Bilal 003; Jong-Wook Jang (Sensors, 2019)

Network-Coding Approach for Information-Centric Networking. - Muhammad Bilal 003; Shin-Gak Kang (IEEE Syst. J., 2019)

Duplicate Bug Report Detection and Classification System Based on Deep Learning Technique. - Ashima Kukkar; Rajni Mohana; Yugal Kumar; Anand Nayyar; Muhammad Bilal 003; Kyung-Sup Kwak (IEEE Access, 2020)

Test Suit Generation for Object Oriented Programs: A Hybrid Firefly and Differential Evolution Approach. - Madhumita Panda; Sujata Dash; Anand Nayyar; Muhammad Bilal 003; Raja Majid Mehmood (IEEE Access, 2020)

Performance Prediction and Interpretation of a Refuse Plastic Fuel Fired Boiler. - Aditya Pankaj Shaha; Mohan Sai Singamsetti; B. K. Tripathy 001; Gautam Srivastava 001; Muhammad Bilal 003; Lewis Nkenyereye (IEEE Access, 2020)

Amateur Drones Detection: A machine learning approach utilizing the acoustic signals in the presence of strong interference. - Zahoor Uddin; Muhammad Altaf; Muhammad Bilal 003; Lewis Nkenyereye; Ali Kashif Bashir (Comput. Commun., 2020)

A Comprehensive Utility Function for Resource Allocation in Mobile Edge Computing. - Zaiwar Ali; Sadia Khaf; Ziaul Haq Abbas; Ghulam Abbas 002; Lei Jiao 001; Amna Irshad; Kyung Sup Kwak; Muhammad Bilal 003 (CoRR, 2020)

Classification of Arrhythmia by Using Deep Learning with 2-D ECG Spectral Image Representation. - Amin Ullah; Syed Muhammad Anwar; Muhammad Bilal 003; Raja Majid Mehmood (Remote. Sens., 2020)

RDSP: Rapidly Deployable Wireless Ad Hoc System for Post-Disaster Management. - Ajmal Khan; Adnan Munir; Zeeshan Kaleem; Farman Ullah; Muhammad Bilal 003; Lewis Nkenyereye; Shahen Shah; Long Dinh Nguyen; S. M. Riazul Islam; Kyung-Sup Kwak (Sensors, 2020)

Secure Distribution of Protected Content in Information-Centric Networking. - Muhammad Bilal 003; Sangheon Pack (IEEE Syst. J., 2020)

A FCN Approach to Blockage Correction in Radars. - Hao Wu 088; Qi Liu 001; Xiaodong Liu 002; Yonghong Zhang; Xiaolong Xu 001; Muhammad Bilal 003 (DASC/PiCom/CBDCom/CyberSciTech, 2021)

A Systematic Review of Bio-Cyber Interface Technologies and Security Issues for Internet of Bio-Nano Things. - Sidra Zafar; Mohsin Nazir; Taimur Bakhshi; Hasan Ali Khattak; Sarmadullah Khan; Muhammad Bilal 003; Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo; Kyung-Sup Kwak; Aneeqa Sabah (IEEE Access, 2021)

Multi-label active learning from crowds for secure IIoT. - Ming Wu 004; Qianmu Li; Muhammad Bilal 003; Xiaolong Xu 001; Jing Zhang 015; Jun Hou 002 (Ad Hoc Networks, 2021)

A Decision Support Benchmark for Forecasting the Consumption of Agriculture Stocks. - Najam Ul Hassan; Farrukh Zeeshan Khan; Hafsa Bibi; Nokhaiz Tariq Khan; Anand Nayyar; Muhammad Bilal 003 (IEEE Consumer Electron. Mag., 2021)

Smart computational offloading for mobile edge computing in next-generation Internet of Things networks. - Zaiwar Ali; Ziaul Haq Abbas; Ghulam Abbas 002; Abdullah Numani; Muhammad Bilal 003 (Comput. Networks, 2021)

A secure blockchain-oriented data delivery and collection scheme for 5G-enabled IoD environment. - Azeem Irshad; Shehzad Ashraf Chaudhry; Anwar Ghani; Muhammad Bilal 003 (Comput. Networks, 2021)

Smart stochastic routing for 6G-enabled massive Internet of Things. - Ghulam Abbas 002; Ziaul Haq Abbas; Zaiwar Ali; Muhammad Shahwar Asad; Uttam Ghosh; Muhammad Bilal 003 (Comput. Commun., 2021)

An Efficient Internet Traffic Classification System Using Deep Learning for IoT. - Muhammad Basit Umair; Zeshan Iqbal; Muhammad Bilal 003; Tarik Adnan Almohamad; Jamel Nebhen; Raja Majid Mehmood (CoRR, 2021)

Secure crowd-sensing protocol for fog-based vehicular cloud. - Lewis Nkenyereye; S. M. Riazul Islam; Muhammad Bilal 003; Mohammad Abdullah-Al-Wadud; Atif Alamri; Anand Nayyar (Future Gener. Comput. Syst., 2021)

Blockchain-Enabled healthcare system for detection of diabetes. - Mengji Chen; Taj Malook; Ateeq Ur Rehman 001; Yar Muhammad; Mohammad Dahman Alshehri; Aamir Akbar; Muhammad Bilal 003; Muazzam Ali Khan (J. Inf. Secur. Appl., 2021)

Probabilistic Deep Q Network for real-time path planning in censorious robotic procedures using force sensors. - Parvathaneni Naga Srinivasu; Akash Kumar Bhoi; Rutvij H. Jhaveri; Thippa Reddy Gadekallu; Muhammad Bilal 003 (J. Real Time Image Process., 2021)

Fair and size-scalable participant selection framework for large-scale mobile crowdsensing. - Shu Li; Wei Shen 005; Muhammad Bilal 003; Xiaolong Xu 001; Wanchun Dou; Nour Moustafa (J. Syst. Archit., 2021)

Integrated neuro-evolution-based computing solver for dynamics of nonlinear corneal shape model numerically. - Iftikhar Ahmad 010; Muhammad Asif Zahoor Raja; Higinio Ramos; Muhammad Bilal 003; Muhammad Shoaib 005 (Neural Comput. Appl., 2021)

Computational Offloading in Mobile Edge with Comprehensive and Energy Efficient Cost Function: A Deep Learning Approach. - Ziaul Haq Abbas; Zaiwar Ali; Ghulam Abbas 002; Lei Jiao 001; Muhammad Bilal 003; Doug Young Suh; Md. Jalil Piran (Sensors, 2021)

INSWF DNA signal analysis tool: Intelligent noise suppression window filter. - Muneer Ahmad; Iftikhar Ahmad 006; Muhammad Bilal 003; Alireza Jolfaei; Raja Majid Mehmood (Softw. Pract. Exp., 2021)

Mobility Aware Blockchain Enabled Offloading and Scheduling in Vehicular Fog Cloud Computing. - Abdullah Lakhan; Muneer Ahmad; Muhammad Bilal 003; Alireza Jolfaei; Raja Majid Mehmood (IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., 2021)

Smart home security: challenges, issues and solutions at different IoT layers. - Haseeb Touqeer; Shakir Zaman; Rashid Amin; Mudassar Hussain; Fadi Al-Turjman 001; Muhammad Bilal 003 (J. Supercomput., 2021)

Energy Efficient Proactive Routing Scheme for Enabling Reliable Communication in Underwater Internet of Things. - Umar Draz; Amjad Ali 002; Muhammad Bilal 003; Tariq Ali; Muhammad Aksam Iftikhar; Alireza Jolfaei; Doug Young Suh (IEEE Trans. Netw. Sci. Eng., 2021)

Joint Spectrum and Energy Optimization of NOMA-Enabled Small-Cell Networks With QoS Guarantee. - Wali Ullah Khan; Furqan Jameel; Xingwang Li 001; Muhammad Bilal 003; Theodoros A. Tsiftsis (IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., 2021)

Light-Weight Secure Aggregated Data Sharing in IoT-Enabled Wireless Sensor Networks. - Ghawar Said; Anwar Ghani; Ata Ullah; Muhammad Azeem 003; Muhammad Bilal 003; Kyung Sup Kwak (IEEE Access, 2022)

A low-cost privacy preserving user access in mobile edge computing framework. - Azeem Irshad; Shehzad Ashraf Chaudhry; Anwar Ghani; Ghulam Ali Mallah; Muhammad Bilal 003; Bander A. Alzahrani (Comput. Electr. Eng., 2022)

Multifactor Pattern Implicit Authentication. - Syed Shabih Ul Hasan; Anwar Ghani; Muhammad Bilal 003; Alireza Jolfaei (IEEE Consumer Electron. Mag., 2022)

Toward Privacy Protection Composition Framework on Internet of Vehicles. - Xiaotong Wu; Xiaolong Xu 001; Muhammad Bilal 003 (IEEE Consumer Electron. Mag., 2022)

A position-based reliable emergency message routing scheme for road safety in VANETs. - Ghulam Abbas 002; Sami Ullah; Muhammad Waqas 001; Ziaul Haq Abbas; Muhammad Bilal 003 (Comput. Networks, 2022)

Remote sensing to control respiratory viral diseases outbreaks using Internet of Vehicles. - Yesin Sahraoui; Ahmed Korichi; Chaker Abdelaziz Kerrache; Muhammad Bilal 003; Marica Amadeo (Trans. Emerg. Telecommun. Technol., 2022)

Identifying fraud in medical insurance based on blockchain and deep learning. - Guoming Zhang; Xuyun Zhang; Muhammad Bilal 003; Wanchun Dou; Xiaolong Xu 001; Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues (Future Gener. Comput. Syst., 2022)

FMCPR: Flexible Multiparameter-Based Channel Prediction and Ranking for CR-Enabled Massive IoT. - Ghulam Abbas 002; Abd Ullah Khan; Ziaul Haq Abbas; Muhammad Bilal 003; Kyung Sup Kwak; Houbing Song (IEEE Internet Things J., 2022)

MUD-Based Behavioral Profiling Security Framework for Software-Defined IoT Networks. - Prabhakar Krishnan; Kurunandan Jain; Rajkumar Buyya; Pandi Vijayakumar; Anand Nayyar; Muhammad Bilal 003; Houbing Song (IEEE Internet Things J., 2022)

Privacy-Aware Point-of-Interest Category Recommendation in Internet of Things. - Lianyong Qi; Yuwen Liu; Yulan Zhang; Xiaolong Xu 001; Muhammad Bilal 003; Houbing Song (IEEE Internet Things J., 2022)

Demand-Supply-Based Economic Model for Resource Provisioning in Industrial IoT Traffic. - Kshira Sagar Sahoo; Mayank Tiwari 003; Ashish Kr. Luhach; Anand Nayyar; Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo; Muhammad Bilal 003 (IEEE Internet Things J., 2022)

LAKE-6SH: Lightweight User Authenticated Key Exchange for 6LoWPAN-Based Smart Homes. - Muhammad Tanveer 003; Ghulam Abbas 002; Ziaul Haq Abbas; Muhammad Bilal 003; Amrit Mukherjee; Kyung Sup Kwak (IEEE Internet Things J., 2022)

Service Migration Across Edge Devices in 6G-Enabled Internet of Vehicles Networks. - Xiaolong Xu 001; Liang Yao; Muhammad Bilal 003; Shaohua Wan 001; Fei Dai 002; Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo (IEEE Internet Things J., 2022)

Improving wireless indoor non-intrusive load disaggregation using attention-based deep learning networks. - Qi Liu 001; Jing Zhang 065; Xiaodong Liu 002; Yonghong Zhang; Xiaolong Xu 001; Mohammad Reza Khosravi; Muhammad Bilal 003 (Phys. Commun., 2022)

Improving network efficiency in wireless body area networks using dual forwarder selection technique. - Haseeb Ur Rahman; Anwar Ghani; Imran Khan 004; Naved Ahmad; S. Vimal 001; Muhammad Bilal 003 (Pers. Ubiquitous Comput., 2022)

Reliability-Aware Computation Offloading for Delay-Sensitive Applications in MEC-Enabled Aerial Computing. - Kai Peng 002; Bohai Zhao; Muhammad Bilal 003; Xiaolong Xu 001 (IEEE Trans. Green Commun. Netw., 2022)

Efficient Web APIs Recommendation With Privacy-Preservation for Mobile App Development in Industry 4.0. - Wenwen Gong; Wei Zhang; Muhammad Bilal 003; Yifei Chen; Xiaolong Xu 001; Weizheng Wang 001 (IEEE Trans. Ind. Informatics, 2022)

Service Offloading With Deep Q-Network for Digital Twinning-Empowered Internet of Vehicles in Edge Computing. - Xiaolong Xu 001; Bowen Shen; Sheng Ding; Gautam Srivastava 001; Muhammad Bilal 003; Mohammad Reza Khosravi; Varun G. Menon; Mian Ahmad Jan; Maoli Wang (IEEE Trans. Ind. Informatics, 2022)

Edge Task Migration With 6G-Enabled Network in Box for Cybertwin-Based Internet of Vehicles. - Dawei Zhu; Muhammad Bilal 003; Xiaolong Xu 001 (IEEE Trans. Ind. Informatics, 2022)

ST-InNet: Deep Spatio-Temporal Inception Networks for Traffic Flow Prediction in Smart Cities. - Fei Dai 002; Penggui Huang; Qi Mo; Xiaolong Xu 001; Muhammad Bilal 003; Houbing Song (IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., 2022)

VP-CAST: Velocity and Position-Based Broadcast Suppression for VANETs. - Ajmal Khan; Afsah Abid Siddiqui; Farman Ullah; Muhammad Bilal 003; Md. Jalil Piran; Houbing Song (IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., 2022)

Computation Offloading and Service Caching for Intelligent Transportation Systems With Digital Twin. - Xiaolong Xu 001; Zhongjian Liu; Muhammad Bilal 003; S. Vimal 001; Houbing Song (IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., 2022)

Efficient Allocation of Resource-Intensive Mobile Cyber-Physical Social System Applications on a Heterogeneous Mobile Ad Hoc Cloud. - Hassam Mughal; Muhammad Bilal 003; Uttam Ghosh; Gautam Srivastava 001; Sayed Chhattan Shah (IEEE Trans. Netw. Sci. Eng., 2022)

Reliability Analysis of Cognitive Radio Networks With Reserved Spectrum for 6G-IoT. - Abd Ullah Khan; Ghulam Abbas 002; Ziaul Haq Abbas; Muhammad Bilal 003; Sayed Chhattan Shah; Houbing Song (IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manag., 2022)

DIMA: Distributed cooperative microservice caching for internet of things in edge computing by deep reinforcement learning. - Hao Tian 012; Xiaolong Xu 001; Tingyu Lin 001; Yong Cheng; Cheng Qian; Lei Ren 001; Muhammad Bilal 003 (World Wide Web, 2022)

Edge Intelligence-Driven Meteorological Knowledge Graph for Real-Time Decision-Making. - Zheng Yu; Jielin Jiang; Bingkun He; Muhammad Bilal 003; Dongqing Liu (ICPADS, 2023)

A Distributed Fuzzy Optimal Decision Making Strategy for Task Offloading in Edge Computing Environment. - Sasmita Rani Behera; Niranjan Panigrahi; Sourav Kumar Bhoi; Muhammad Bilal 003; Kshira Sagar Sahoo; Daehan Kwak (IEEE Access, 2023)

Adaptive Congestion Control Mechanism to Enhance TCP Performance in Cooperative IoV. - Tapas Kumar Mishra 002; Kshira Sagar Sahoo; Muhammad Bilal 003; Sayed Chhattan Shah; Manas Kumar Mishra (IEEE Access, 2023)

Robust and Secure Medical Image Watermarking for Edge-Enabled e-Healthcare. - Priyanka Singh; Kilari Jyothsna Devi; Hiren Kumar Thakkar; Muhammad Bilal 003; Anand Nayyar; Daehan Kwak (IEEE Access, 2023)

Location Centric Energy Harvesting Aware Routing Protocol for IoT in Smart Cities. - Hassan Zeb; Anwar Ghani; Moneeb Gohar; Abdulrahman Alzahrani; Muhammad Bilal 003; Daehan Kwak (IEEE Access, 2023)

Deep Vision in Analysis and Recognition of Radar Data: Achievements, Advancements and Challenges. - Qi Liu 001; Zhiyun Yang; Ru Ji; Yonghong Zhang; Muhammad Bilal 003; Xiaodong Liu 002; Shanmuganathan Vimal; Xiaolong Xu 001 (CoRR, 2023)

Towards Smart Education through the Internet of Things: A Review. - Afzal Badshah; Anwar Ghani; Ali Daud; Ateeqa Jalal; Muhammad Bilal 003; Jon Crowcroft (CoRR, 2023)

An adaptive DNN inference acceleration framework with end-edge-cloud collaborative computing. - Guozhi Liu; Fei Dai 002; Xiaolong Xu 001; Xiaodong Fu; Wanchun Dou; Neeraj Kumar 001; Muhammad Bilal 003 (Future Gener. Comput. Syst., 2023)

Hash Table Assisted Efficient File Level De-Duplication Scheme in SD-IoV Assisted Sensing Devices. - Ghawar Said; Ata Ullah; Anwar Ghani; Muhammad Azeem 003; Khalid Yahya; Muhammad Bilal 003; Sayed Chhattan Shah (Intell. Autom. Soft Comput., 2023)

Smart Optimization Solution for Channel Access Attack Defense Under UAV-Aided Heterogeneous Network. - Zhaoyang Han; Yaoqi Yang; Muhammad Bilal 003; Weizheng Wang 001; Moez Krichen; Abeer Abdullah Alsadhan; Chunpeng Ge 001 (IEEE Internet Things J., 2023)

Blockchain-Assisted Server Placement With Elitist Preserved Genetic Algorithm in Edge Computing. - Zheng Li 026; Guosheng Li; Muhammad Bilal 003; Dongqing Liu; Tao Huang; Xiaolong Xu 001 (IEEE Internet Things J., 2023)

Locally private estimation of conditional probability distribution for random forest in multimedia applications. - Xiaotong Wu; Muhammad Bilal 003; Xiaolong Xu 001; Houbing Song (Inf. Sci., 2023)

Intelligent Retrieval of Radar Reflectivity Factor With Privacy Protection Under Meteorological Satellite Remote Sensing. - Huichao Lin; Xiaolong Xu 001; Muhammad Bilal 003; Yong Cheng; Dongqing Liu (IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote. Sens., 2023)

CFNet: An Eigenvalue Preserved Approach to Multiscale Building Segmentation in High-Resolution Remote Sensing Images. - Qi Liu 001; Yang Li 152; Muhammad Bilal 003; Xiaodong Liu 002; Yonghong Zhang; Huihui Wang 001; Xiaolong Xu 001; Hui Lu (IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote. Sens., 2023)

A Secure Architectural Model Using Blockchain and Estimated Trust Mechanism in Electronic Consumers. - Akshay Kumar; Geetanjali Rathee; Chaker Abdelaziz Kerrache; Muhammad Bilal 003; Thippa Reddy Gadekallu (IEEE Trans. Consumer Electron., 2023)

Masked Swin Transformer Unet for Industrial Anomaly Detection. - Jielin Jiang; Jiale Zhu; Muhammad Bilal 003; Yan Cui 007; Neeraj Kumar 001; Ruihan Dou; Feng Su; Xiaolong Xu 001 (IEEE Trans. Ind. Informatics, 2023)

Federated Learning-Based Cross-Enterprise Recommendation With Graph Neural Networks. - Zheng Li 026; Muhammad Bilal 003; Xiaolong Xu 001; Jielin Jiang; Yan Cui 007 (IEEE Trans. Ind. Informatics, 2023)

Intelligent Computation Offloading and Resource Allocation in IIoT With End-Edge-Cloud Computing Using NSGA-III. - Kai Peng 002; Hualong Huang; Bohai Zhao; Alireza Jolfaei; Xiaolong Xu 001; Muhammad Bilal 003 (IEEE Trans. Netw. Sci. Eng., 2023)

Mobility and Privacy-Aware Offloading of AR Applications for Healthcare Cyber-Physical Systems in Edge Computing. - Kai Peng 002; Peichen Liu; Muhammad Bilal 003; Xiaolong Xu 001; Edoardo Prezioso (IEEE Trans. Netw. Sci. Eng., 2023)

Leveraging Deep Learning for Designing Healthcare Analytics Heuristic for Diagnostics. - Sarah Shafqat; Maryyam Fayyaz; Hasan Ali Khattak; Muhammad Bilal 003; Shahid Khan 004; Osama Ishtiaq; Almas Abbasi; Farzana Shafqat; Waleed S. Alnumay; Pushpita Chatterjee (Neural Process. Lett., 2023)

Distributed Incentives for Intelligent Offloading and Resource Allocation in Digital Twin Driven Smart Industry. - Kai Peng 002; Hualong Huang; Muhammad Bilal 003; Xiaolong Xu 001 (IEEE Trans. Ind. Informatics, 2023)

BEMD: Beacon-oriented Emergency Message Dissemination scheme for highways. - Muhammad Bilal 003; Ehsan Ullah Munir; Ata Ullah (Ad Hoc Networks, 2023)

Intelligent time-series forecasting framework for non-linear dynamic workload and resource prediction in cloud. - Farman Ullah; Muhammad Bilal 003; Su-Kyung Yoon (Comput. Networks, 2023)

Injecting cognitive intelligence into beyond-5G networks: A MAC layer perspective. - Ali Nauman; Muhammad Ali Jamshed; Yazdan Ahmad; Malik Saad; Muhammad Bilal 003; Vimal Shanmuganathan; Sung Won Kim (Comput. Electr. Eng., 2023)

Physical layer security analysis using radio frequency-fingerprinting in cellular-V2X for 6G communication. - Hina Ayaz; Ghulam Abbas 002; Muhammad Waqas 001; Ziaul Haq Abbas; Muhammad Bilal 003; Ali Nauman; Muhammad Ali Jamshed (IET Signal Process., 2023)

Cooperative Resource Allocation for Computation-Intensive IIoT Applications in Aerial Computing. - Jialei Liu; Guosheng Li; Quanzhen Huang; Muhammad Bilal 003; Xiaolong Xu 001; Houbing Song (IEEE Internet Things J., 2023)

Multiple re-configurable intelligent surfaces based physical layer eavesdropper detection for V2I communications. - Hina Ayaz; Muhammad Waqas 001; Ghulam Abbas 002; Ziaul Haq Abbas; Muhammad Bilal 003 (Phys. Commun., 2023)

Communication and Control in Collaborative UAVs: Recent Advances and Future Trends. - Shumaila Javaid; Nasir Saeed; Zakria Qadir; Hamza Fahim; Bin He 003; Houbing Song; Muhammad Bilal 003 (IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., 2023)

To transcode or not? A machine learning based edge video caching and transcoding strategy. - Syed Muhammad Ammar Hassan Bukhari; Emna Baccour; Kashif Bilal; Junaid Shuja; Aiman Erbad; Muhammad Bilal 003 (Comput. Electr. Eng., 2023)

Internet of things-enabled real-time health monitoring system using deep learning. - Xingdong Wu; Chao Liu; Lijun Wang; Muhammad Bilal 003 (Neural Comput. Appl., 2023)

Dynamic Repositioning of Aerial Base Stations for Enhanced User Experience in 5G and Beyond. - Shams Ur Rahman; Ajmal Khan; Muhammad Usman 011; Muhammad Bilal 003; You-Ze Cho; Hesham El-Sayed (Sensors, 2023)

SUSIC: A Secure User Access Control Mechanism for SDN-Enabled IIoT and Cyber-Physical Systems. - Azeem Irshad; Ghulam Ali Mallah; Muhammad Bilal 003; Shehzad Ashraf Chaudhry; Muhammad Shafiq 002; Houbing Song (IEEE Internet Things J., 2023)

Security in defect detection: A new one-pixel attack for fooling DNNs. - Pengchuan Wang; Qianmu Li; Deqiang Li; Shunmei Meng; Muhammad Bilal 003; Amrit Mukherjee (J. King Saud Univ. Comput. Inf. Sci., 2023)

Performance analysis of NOMA enabled multi-user co-operative IoT network with SWIPT protocol. - Naeem Uz Zaman; Ahmad Kamal Hassan; Ziaul Haq Abbas; Ghulam Abbas 002; Muhammad Bilal 003; Sangheon Pack (J. King Saud Univ. Comput. Inf. Sci., 2023)

Dependent task offloading with deadline-aware scheduling in mobile edge networks. - Mohammed Maray; Ehzaz Mustafa; Junaid Shuja; Muhammad Bilal 003 (Internet Things, 2023)

Dynamic Edge Computation Offloading for Internet of Vehicles With Deep Reinforcement Learning. - Liang Yao; Xiaolong Xu 001; Muhammad Bilal 003; Huihui Wang 001 (IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., 2023)

Cognitive D2D communication: A comprehensive survey, research challenges, and future directions. - Adeel Iqbal; Ali Nauman; Riaz Hussain; Muhammad Bilal 003 (Internet Things, 2023)

Cogni-Sec: A secure cognitive enabled distributed reinforcement learning model for medical cyber-physical system. - Sushruta Mishra; Soham Chakraborty 006; Kshira Sagar Sahoo; Muhammad Bilal 003 (Internet Things, 2023)

Deep-Deterministic-Policy-Gradient-Based Task Offloading With Optimized K-Means in Edge-Computing-Enabled IoMT Cyber-Physical Systems. - Chenyi Yang; Xiaolong Xu 001; Muhammad Bilal 003; Yiping Wen; Tao Huang (IEEE Syst. J., 2023)

A Multi-Swarm PSO Approach to Large-Scale Task Scheduling in a Sustainable Supply Chain Datacenter. - Qi Liu 001; Lei Zeng; Muhammad Bilal 003; Houbing Song; Xiaodong Liu 002; Yonghong Zhang; Xuefei Cao (IEEE Trans. Green Commun. Netw., 2023)

Computation Offloading for Energy and Delay Trade-Offs With Traffic Flow Prediction in Edge Computing-Enabled IoV. - Xiaolong Xu 001; Chenyi Yang; Muhammad Bilal 003; Weimin Li 001; Huihui Wang 001 (IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., 2023)

Secrecy Outage Probability for RSMA-based ISATNs with Imperfect Hardware. - Kefeng Guo; Xingwang Li 001; Muhammad Bilal 003; Ali Nauman; Min Wu; Feng Zhou 010 (ICC, 2024)

Robust and Lightweight Authentication for Securing Communication in the Internet-of-Drones (IoD) Environment. - Saeed Ullah Jan; Muhammad Bilal 003; Anwar Ghani; Salabat Khan; Rashid Ahmad 004; DoHyeon Kim (INFOCOM (Workshops), 2024)

Adaptive ubiquitous learning for server deployment and distributed offloading in UAV-enhanced IoV. - Wen Wang; Wenhao Fei; Muhammad Bilal 003; Xiaolong Xu 001 (Comput. Hum. Behav., 2024)

XRL-SHAP-Cache: an explainable reinforcement learning approach for intelligent edge service caching in content delivery networks. - Xiaolong Xu 001; Fan Wu 006; Muhammad Bilal 003; Xiaoyu Xia 001; Wanchun Dou; Lina Yao; Weiyi Zhong (Sci. China Inf. Sci., 2024)

Real-time and Downtime-tolerant Fault Diagnosis for Railway Turnout Machines (RTMs) Empowered with Cloud-Edge Pipeline Parallelism. - Fan Wu 006; Muhammad Bilal 003; Haolong Xiang; Heng Wang; Jinjun Yu; Xiaolong Xu 001 (CoRR, 2024)

Survey on digital twins for Internet of Vehicles: Fundamentals, challenges, and opportunities. - Jiajie Guo; Muhammad Bilal 003; Yuying Qiu; Cheng Qian; Xiaolong Xu 001; Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo (Digit. Commun. Networks, 2024)

Intelligent architecture and platforms for private edge cloud systems: A review. - Xiyuan Xu; Shaobo Zang; Muhammad Bilal 003; Xiaolong Xu 001; Wanchun Dou (Future Gener. Comput. Syst., 2024)

Routing attack induced anomaly detection in IoT network using RBM-LSTM. - Rashmi Sahay; Anand Nayyar; Rajesh Kumar Shrivastava; Muhammad Bilal 003; Simar Preet Singh; Sangheon Pack (ICT Express, 2024)

UAV-Enhanced Service Caching for IoT Systems in Extreme Environments. - Hanzhi Yan; Hanwen Li; Xiaolong Xu 001; Muhammad Bilal 003 (IEEE Internet Things J., 2024)

Intelligent IoT- and UAV-Assisted Architecture for Pipeline Monitoring in OGI. - Sana Nasim Karam; Kashif Bilal; Junaid Shuja; Latif U. Khan; Muhammad Bilal 003; Muhammad Khurram Khan (IT Prof., 2024)

Deep Neural Networks meet computation offloading in mobile edge networks: Applications, taxonomy, and open issues. - Ehzaz Mustafa; Junaid Shuja; Faisal Rehman; Ahsan Riaz; Mohammed Maray; Muhammad Bilal 003; Muhammad Khurram Khan (J. Netw. Comput. Appl., 2024)

Optimizing CNN inference speed over big social data through efficient model parallelism for sustainable web of things. - Yuhao Hu; Xiaolong Xu 001; Muhammad Bilal 003; Weiyi Zhong; Yuwen Liu; Huaizhen Kou; Lingzhen Kong (J. Parallel Distributed Comput., 2024)

A cloud-edge service offloading method for the metaverse in smart manufacturing. - Haolong Xiang; Xuyun Zhang; Muhammad Bilal 003 (Softw. Pract. Exp., 2024)

FADNet:Greenhouse Identification With Fusion Attention Mechanism and Deformable Convolution. - Jun Liu; Xiaolong Xu 001; Muhammad Bilal 003; Jielin Jiang (IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote. Sens., 2024)

Effectual Energy Consumption and User Comfort Optimization Based on Dynamic User Set Parameters in Electric Vehicles. - Muhammad Fayaz; Junaid Khan; Muhammad Bilal 003 (IEEE Trans. Intell. Veh., 2024)

Dynamical analysis of nonlinear combined drug therapy model for HIV infection: Bayesian regularization technique intelligent networks. - Muhammad Bilal 003; Muhammad Asif Zahoor Raja; Iftikhar Ahmad 010; Rizwan Khan; Muhammad Shoaib 005 (Biomed. Signal Process. Control., 2024)

Towards Smart Education through Internet of Things: A Survey. - Afzal Badshah; Anwar Ghani; Ali Daud; Ateeqa Jalal; Muhammad Bilal 003; Jon Crowcroft (ACM Comput. Surv., 2024)

Enabling secure image transmission in unmanned aerial vehicle using digital image watermarking with H-Grey optimization. - Kilari Jyothsna Devi; Priyanka Singh; Muhammad Bilal 003; Anand Nayyar (Expert Syst. Appl., 2024)

AI-Driven Data Analytics and Intent-Based Networking for Orchestration and Control of B5G Consumer Electronics Services. - Khizar Abbas; Ali Nauman; Muhammad Bilal 003; Jae-Hyoung Yoo; James Won-Ki Hong; Wang-Cheol Song (IEEE Trans. Consumer Electron., 2024)

Edge Data Caching With Consumer-Centric Service Prediction in Resilient Industry 5.0. - Guoqiang Liu; Guanming Bao; Muhammad Bilal 003; Angel Jones; Zhipeng Jing; Xiaolong Xu 001 (IEEE Trans. Consumer Electron., 2024)

UAV-Assisted Content Caching for Human-Centric Consumer Applications in IoV. - Wen Wang; Xiaolong Xu 001; Muhammad Bilal 003; Maqbool Khan; Yizhou Xing (IEEE Trans. Consumer Electron., 2024)

Diverse Top-k Service Composition for Consumer Electronics With Digital Twin in MEC. - Jintao Wu; Jinxiang Sha; Muhammad Bilal 003; Yiwen Zhang 001; Xiaolong Xu 001 (IEEE Trans. Consumer Electron., 2024)

A Federated Deep Learning Framework for Privacy-Preserving Consumer Electronics Recommendations. - Jintao Wu; Jingyi Zhang; Muhammad Bilal 003; Feng Han; Nancy Victor; Xiaolong Xu 001 (IEEE Trans. Consumer Electron., 2024)

Customer Centric Service Caching for Intelligent Cyber-Physical Transportation Systems With Cloud-Edge Computing Leveraging Digital Twins. - Hanzhi Yan; Xiaolong Xu 001; Muhammad Bilal 003; Xiaoyu Xia 001; Wanchun Dou; Huihui Wang 001 (IEEE Trans. Consumer Electron., 2024)

Unraveling quantum computing system architectures: An extensive survey of cutting-edge paradigms. - Xudong Zhao; Xiaolong Xu 001; Lianyong Qi; Xiaoyu Xia 001; Muhammad Bilal 003; Wenwen Gong; Huaizhen Kou (Inf. Softw. Technol., 2024)

Edge Computation Offloading With Content Caching in 6G-Enabled IoV. - Xuanhong Zhou; Muhammad Bilal 003; Ruihan Dou; Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues; Qingzhan Zhao; Jianguo Dai; Xiaolong Xu 001 (IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., 2024)

Multi-Objective Task-Aware Offloading and Scheduling Framework for Internet of Things Logistics. - Asif Umer; Mushtaq Ali; Ali Imran Jehangiri; Muhammad Bilal 003; Junaid Shuja (Sensors, 2024)

Distributed Edge Caching for Zero Trust-Enabled Connected and Automated Vehicles: A Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Approach. - Xiaolong Xu 001; Xuanhong Zhou; Xiaokang Zhou; Muhammad Bilal 003; Lianyong Qi; Xiaoyu Xia 001; Wanchun Dou (IEEE Wirel. Commun., 2024)

Charging Support Communication System Based on Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication for Electric Vehicles. - Ajmal Khan; Amer Saeed; Farman Ullah; Muhammad Bilal 003; Yasir Muhammad; Hesham El-Sayed (Computer, 2024)

UReslham: Radar reflectivity inversion for smart agriculture with spatial federated learning over geostationary satellite observations. - Zhengyong Jin; Xiaolong Xu 001; Muhammad Bilal 003; Songyu Wu; Huichao Lin (Comput. Intell., 2024)

Edge Server Deployment for Health Monitoring With Reinforcement Learning in Internet of Medical Things. - Hanzhi Yan; Muhammad Bilal 003; Xiaolong Xu 001; S. Vimal 001 (IEEE Trans. Comput. Soc. Syst., 2024)

GAMap: A Genetic Algorithm-Based Effective Virtual Data Center Re-Embedding Strategy. - Anurag Satpathy; Manmath Narayan Sahoo; Chittaranjan Swain; Muhammad Bilal 003; Sambit Bakshi; Houbing Song (IEEE Trans. Green Commun. Netw., 2024)

Asynchronous Federated Learning for Vehicular Edge Caching of Consumer Content. - Xiaolong Xu 001; Guanming Bao; Muhammad Bilal 003 (IEEE Consumer Electron. Mag., 2024)

Blockchain-Assisted Lightweight Authenticated Key Agreement Security Framework for Smart Vehicles-Enabled Intelligent Transportation System. - Akhtar Badshah; Ghulam Abbas 002; Muhammad Waqas 001; Fazal Muhammad; Ziaul Haq Abbas; Muhammad Bilal 003; Houbing Song (IEEE Trans Autom. Sci. Eng., 2024)

Renewable prediction-driven service offloading for IoT-enabled energy systems with edge computing. - Zijie Fang; Xiaolong Xu 001; Muhammad Bilal 003; Alireza Jolfaei (Wirel. Networks, 2024)

TOFDS: A Two-Stage Task Execution Method for Fake News in Digital Twin-Empowered Socio-Cyber World. - Kai Peng 002; Bohai Zhao; Chengfang Ling; Muhammad Bilal 003; Xiaolong Xu 001; Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues (IEEE Trans. Comput. Soc. Syst., 2024)

Understanding Large-Scale Network Effects in Detecting Review Spammers. - Jitendra Kumar Rout; Kshira Sagar Sahoo; Anmol Dalmia; Sambit Bakshi; Muhammad Bilal 003; Houbing Song (IEEE Trans. Comput. Soc. Syst., 2024)

Potential Game Based Distributed IoV Service Offloading With Graph Attention Networks in Mobile Edge Computing. - Qinting Jiang; Xiaolong Xu 001; Muhammad Bilal 003; Jon Crowcroft; Qi Liu 001; Wanchun Dou; Jingyan Jiang (IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., 2024)

Advancements in epidemiological modeling: Bayesian regularization neural networks for smoke dynamics. - Muhammad Bilal 003; Eugénio Rocha; Muhammad Asif Zahoor Raja; Shafia Bilal; Iftikhar Ahmad 010; Muhammad Usman 011; Muhammad Shoaib 005 (Int. J. Model. Simul. Sci. Comput., 2024)

6G-Enabled Anomaly Detection for Metaverse Healthcare Analytics in Internet of Things. - Xiaotong Wu; Yihong Yang; Muhammad Bilal 003; Lianyong Qi; Xiaolong Xu 001 (IEEE J. Biomed. Health Informatics, 2024)

Congestion-Aware Path Planning With Vehicle-Road Cooperation in AIoV. - Guoqiang Liu; Muhammad Bilal 003; Qingyang Wang; Xiaolong Xu 001 (IEEE Internet Things J., 2024)

MW-UNet: Multi-Scale Weighted Connection UNet for Identification and Classification of Non-Meteorological Clutter over Big Radar Data. - Mengmeng Cui; Chen Zeng; Xiaolong Xu 001; Muhammad Bilal 003; Xiaoyu Xia 001 (Big Data Min. Anal., 2025)

Deep Reinforcement Learning and SQP-driven task offloading decisions in vehicular edge computing networks. - Ehzaz Mustafa; Junaid Shuja; Faisal Rehman; Abdallah Namoun; Muhammad Bilal 003; Kashif Bilal (Comput. Networks, 2025)

VEC-Sim: A simulation platform for evaluating service caching and computation offloading policies in Vehicular Edge Networks. - Fan Wu 006; Xiaolong Xu 001; Muhammad Bilal 003; Xiangwei Wang; Hao Cheng; Siyu Wu 001 (Comput. Networks, 2025)

Socially beneficial metaverse: Framework, technologies, applications, and challenges. - Xiaolong Xu 001; Xuanhong Zhou; Muhammad Bilal 003; Sherali Zeadally; Jon Crowcroft; Lianyong Qi; Shengjun Xue (Comput. Networks, 2025)

A Data Replication Placement Strategy for the Distributed Storage System in Cloud-Edge-Terminal Orchestrated Computing Environments. - Peng Chen 030; Mengke Zheng; Xin Du 002; Muhammad Bilal 003; Zhihui Lu 002; Qiang Duan; Xiaolong Xu 001 (IEEE Internet Things J., 2025)

Federated learning with adaptive local aggregation for privacy-aware recommender systems in Internet of Vehicles. - Yong Cheng; Yuhao Hu; Wei Liu; Muhammad Bilal 003 (Inf. Sci., 2025)

Self-attention based cloud top height retrieval for intelligent meteorological service recommendation. - Xuhao Shi; Jie Zhang; Guoqiang Liu; Kun Yi 001; Muhammad Bilal 003 (Inf. Sci., 2025)

Blockchain-enabled decentralized service selection for QoS-aware cloud manufacturing. - Ke Meng; Zhiyong Wu; Muhammad Bilal 003; Xiaoyu Xia 001; Xiaolong Xu 001 (Expert Syst. J. Knowl. Eng., 2025)

Federated learning-based private medical knowledge graph for epidemic surveillance in internet of things. - Xiaotong Wu; Jiaquan Gao; Muhammad Bilal 003; Fei Dai 002; Xiaolong Xu 001; Lianyong Qi; Wanchun Dou (Expert Syst. J. Knowl. Eng., 2025)

End-Edge Collaborative Inference of Convolutional Fuzzy Neural Networks for Big Data-Driven Internet of Things. - Yuhao Hu; Xiaolong Xu 001; Li Duan; Muhammad Bilal 003; Qingyang Wang; Wanchun Dou (IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst., 2025)

REFOL: Resource-Efficient Federated Online Learning for Traffic Flow Forecasting. - Qingxiang Liu 004; Sheng Sun; Yuxuan Liang; Xiaolong Xu 001; Min Liu 001; Muhammad Bilal 003; Yuwei Wang 003; Xujing Li; Yu Zheng 004 (IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., 2025)

Digital Twins-Assisted Service Recommendation with Preference Prediction in 6G-Enabled Edge Computing. - Guoqiang Liu; Muhammad Bilal 003; Xiaolong Xu 001; Xiaoyu Xia 001 (IEEE Commun. Mag., 2025)

Computation offloading in vehicular communications using PPO-based deep reinforcement learning. - Ehzaz Mustafa; Junaid Shuja; Faisal Rehman; Abdallah Namoun; Muhammad Bilal 003; Adeel Iqbal (J. Supercomput., 2025)

M-SOS: Mobility-Aware Secured Offloading and Scheduling in Dew-Enabled Vehicular Fog of Things. - Goluguri N. V. Rajareddy; Kaushik Mishra; Santosh Kumar Majhi; Kshira Sagar Sahoo; Muhammad Bilal 003 (IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., 2025)

Privacy-Aware Edge Computation Offloading With Federated Learning in Healthcare Consumer Electronics System. - Yiming Fei; Hao Fang; Zheng Yan 002; Lianyong Qi; Muhammad Bilal 003; Yang Li 111; Xiaolong Xu 001; Xiaokang Zhou (IEEE Trans. Consumer Electron., 2025)

Autonomous Trajectory Optimization for UAVs in Disaster Zone Using Henry Gas Optimization Scheme. - Zakria Qadir; Muhammad Bilal 003; Guoqiang Liu; Xiaolong Xu 001 (CoRR, 2025)

DeepILS: Toward Accurate Domain-Invariant AIoT-Enabled Inertial Localization System. - Omer Tariq; Muhammad Bilal Akram Dastagir; Muhammad Bilal 003; Dongsoo Han (IEEE Internet Things J., 2025)