Do the Rewards Justify the Means? Measuring Trade-Offs Between Rewards and Ethical Behavior in the Machiavelli Benchmark. - Alexander Pan; Jun Shern Chan; Andy Zou; Nathaniel Li; Steven Basart; Thomas Woodside; Hanlin Zhang 002; Scott Emmons; Dan Hendrycks (ICML, 2023)

Do the Rewards Justify the Means? Measuring Trade-Offs Between Rewards and Ethical Behavior in the MACHIAVELLI Benchmark. - Alexander Pan; Jun Shern Chan; Andy Zou; Nathaniel Li; Steven Basart; Thomas Woodside; Jonathan Ng; Hanlin Zhang 002; Scott Emmons; Dan Hendrycks (CoRR, 2023)

Representation Engineering: A Top-Down Approach to AI Transparency. - Andy Zou; Long Phan; Sarah Li Chen; James Campbell; Phillip Guo; Richard Ren; Alexander Pan; Xuwang Yin; Mantas Mazeika; Ann-Kathrin Dombrowski; Shashwat Goel; Nathaniel Li; et al. (CoRR, 2023)

The WMDP Benchmark: Measuring and Reducing Malicious Use with Unlearning. - Nathaniel Li; Alexander Pan; Anjali Gopal; Summer Yue; Daniel Berrios; Alice Gatti; Justin D. Li; Ann-Kathrin Dombrowski; Shashwat Goel; Gabriel Mukobi; Nathan Helm-Burger; Rassin Lababidi; et al. (ICML, 2024)

HarmBench: A Standardized Evaluation Framework for Automated Red Teaming and Robust Refusal. - Mantas Mazeika; Long Phan; Xuwang Yin; Andy Zou; Zifan Wang 001; Norman Mu; Elham Sakhaee; Nathaniel Li; Steven Basart; Bo Li 026; David A. Forsyth; Dan Hendrycks (ICML, 2024)

The WMDP Benchmark: Measuring and Reducing Malicious Use With Unlearning. - Nathaniel Li; Alexander Pan; Anjali Gopal; Summer Yue; Daniel Berrios; Alice Gatti; Justin D. Li; Ann-Kathrin Dombrowski; Shashwat Goel; Long Phan; Gabriel Mukobi; Nathan Helm-Burger; et al. (CoRR, 2024)

LLM Defenses Are Not Robust to Multi-Turn Human Jailbreaks Yet. - Nathaniel Li; Ziwen Han; Ian Steneker; Willow Primack; Riley Goodside; Hugh Zhang; Zifan Wang 001; Cristina Menghini; Summer Yue (CoRR, 2024)

Just Read the Question: Enabling Generalization to New Assessment Items with Text Awareness. - Arisha Khan; Nathaniel Li; Tori Shen; Anna N. Rafferty (EDM, 2025)

Humanity's Last Exam. - Long Phan; Alice Gatti; Ziwen Han; Nathaniel Li; Josephina Hu; Hugh Zhang; Sean Shi; Michael Choi; Anish Agrawal; Arnav Chopra; Adam Khoja; Ryan Kim; et al. (CoRR, 2025)

Virology Capabilities Test (VCT): A Multimodal Virology Q&A Benchmark. - Jasper Götting; Pedro Medeiros; Jon G. Sanders; Nathaniel Li; Long Phan; Karam Elabd; Lennart Justen; Dan Hendrycks; Seth Donoughe (CoRR, 2025)