Hierarchical Optimization Framework for Robust PCB Defect Detection via Adaptive YOLOv12 Architecture. - Aditi P. Rao; Neetu Aekabote; G. Tanushri Vaishnavi; Varshini S; Bellamkonda Likhith Praveen; Parth Sarathi Panigrahy; Swarna Mayee Patra (IEEE Access, 2026)