Systematic Steps Towards Concept Design of Pay-per-X Business Models: An Exploratory Research. - Karan Menon; Sameer Mittal; Hannu Kärkkäinen; Olli Kuismanen (PLM (2), 2021)

Data Analytics Capability Roadmap for PPO Business Models in Equipment Manufacturing Companies. - Prasanna Kumar Kukkamalla; Veli-Matti Uski; Olli Kuismanen; Hannu Kärkkäinen; Karan Menon (PLM, 2022)

Assessing the Readiness of the Emerging Ecosystem (Actor) for the Pay-per-Outcome Business Model. - Prasanna Kumar Kukkamalla; Veli-Matti Uski; Olli Kuismanen; Hannu Kärkkäinen; Karan Menon (PRO-VE, 2022)

Drivers of Change Impacting Outcome-Based Business Models in Industrial Production Equipment. - Olli Kuismanen; Karan Menon; Hannu Kärkkäinen (PLM (1), 2023)