Development of the TUP Model - Evaluating Educational Software. - Roman Bednarik; Petri Gerdt; Ramin Miraftabi; Markku Tukiainen (ICALT, 2004)

Visual attention tracking during program debugging. - Roman Bednarik; Markku Tukiainen (NordiCHI, 2004)

Visual attention and representation switching in Java program debugging: a study using eye movement tracking. - Roman Bednarik; Markku Tukiainen (PPIG, 2004)

Effects of display blurring on the behavior of novices and experts during program debugging. - Roman Bednarik; Markku Tukiainen (CHI Extended Abstracts, 2005)

Multi-Agent Educational System for Program Visualization. - Roman Bednarik; Erkki Sutinen; Andrés Moreno; Niko Myller; Mike Joy; Shanghua Sun (CIMCA/IAWTIC, 2005)

A Critical Analysis of the Research Methodologies Reported in the Full Papers of the Proceedings of ICALT 2004. - Justus J. Randolph; Roman Bednarik; Pasi Silander; Javier Gonzalez; Niko Myller; Erkki Sutinen (ICALT, 2005)

Effects of Experience on Gaze Behavior during Program Animation. - Roman Bednarik; Niko Myller; Erkki Sutinen; Markku Tukiainen (PPIG, 2005)

Eye-Movements as a Biometric. - Roman Bednarik; Tomi Kinnunen; Andrei Mihaila; Pasi Fränti (SCIA, 2005)

Applying Eye-Movement Tracking to Program Visualization. - Roman Bednarik; Niko Myller; Erkki Sutinen; Markku Tukiainen (VL/HCC, 2005)

An eye-tracking methodology for characterizing program comprehension processes. - Roman Bednarik; Markku Tukiainen (ETRA, 2006)

The expanding focus of HCI: case culture. - Minna Kamppuri; Roman Bednarik; Markku Tukiainen (NordiCHI, 2006)

Program Visualization: Comparing Eye-Tracking Patterns with Comprehension Summaries. - Roman Bednarik; Niko Myller; Erkki Sutinen; Markku Tukiainen (PPIG, 2006)

Various Utilizations of an Open-Source Program Visualization Tool, Jeliot 3. - Roman Bednarik; Andrés Moreno; Niko Myller (Informatics Educ., 2006)

Integrating Dynamic Program Visualization into BlueJ: the Jeliot 3 Extension. - Niko Myller; Roman Bednarik; Andrés Moreno (ICALT, 2007)

Analysing and Interpreting Quantitative Eye-Tracking Data in Studies of Programming: Phases of Debugging with Multiple Representations. - Roman Bednarik; Markku Tukiainen (PPIG, 2007)

A comparison of the methodological quality of articles in computer science education journals and conference proceedings. - Justus J. Randolph; George Julnes; Roman Bednarik; Erkki Sutinen (Comput. Sci. Educ., 2007)

Temporal eye-tracking data: evolution of debugging strategies with multiple representations. - Roman Bednarik; Markku Tukiainen (ETRA, 2008)

A method to study visual attention aspects of collaboration: eye-tracking pair programmers simultaneously. - Sami Pietinen; Roman Bednarik; Tatiana Glotova; Vesa Tenhunen; Markku Tukiainen (ETRA, 2008)

Publication Bias in the Computer Science Education Research Literature. - Justus J. Randolph; Roman Bednarik (J. Univers. Comput. Sci., 2008)

Designing a story-based platform for HIV and AIDS counseling with Tanzanian children. - Marcus Duveskog; Kati Kemppainen; Roman Bednarik; Erkki Sutinen (IDC, 2009)

Initial Exploration of Eye Movements in Collaborative Work: Case Pair Programming. - Sami Pietinen; Roman Bednarik; Markku Tukiainen (PPIG, 2009)

Extending the Engagement Taxonomy: Software Visualization and Collaborative Learning. - Niko Myller; Roman Bednarik; Erkki Sutinen; Mordechai Ben-Ari (ACM Trans. Comput. Educ., 2009)

Towards task-independent person authentication using eye movement signals. - Tomi Kinnunen; Filip Sedlak; Roman Bednarik (ETRA, 2010)

Characterizing research in computing education: a preliminary analysis of the literature. - Lauri Malmi; Judy Sheard; Simon; Roman Bednarik; Juha Helminen; Ari Korhonen; Niko Myller; Juha Sorva; Ahmad Taherkhani (ICER, 2010)

Shared visual attention in collaborative programming: a descriptive analysis. - Sami Pietinen; Roman Bednarik; Markku Tukiainen (CHASE, 2010)

Inferring problem solving strategies using eye-tracking: system description and evaluation. - Shahram Eivazi; Roman Bednarik (Koli Calling, 2010)

Text highlighting improves user experience for reading with magnified displays. - Tersia Gowases; Roman Bednarik; Markku Tukiainen (CHI Extended Abstracts, 2011)

Bidirectional gaze in remote computer mediated collaboration: setup and initial results from pair-programming. - Roman Bednarik; Andrey Shipilov; Sami Pietinen (CSCW, 2011)

A decade of research and development on program animation: The Jeliot experience. - Mordechai Ben-Ari; Roman Bednarik; Ronit Ben-Bassat Levy; Gil Ebel; Andrés Moreno; Niko Myller; Erkki Sutinen (J. Vis. Lang. Comput., 2011)

Duet 2012: dual eye tracking in CSCW. - Patrick Jermann; Darren Gergle; Roman Bednarik; Susan Brennan (CSCW (Companion), 2012)

What do you want to do next: a novel approach for intent prediction in gaze-based interaction. - Roman Bednarik; Hana Vrzakova; Michal Hradis (ETRA, 2012)

Gaze behaviour of expert and novice microneurosurgeons differs during observations of tumor removal recordings. - Shahram Eivazi; Roman Bednarik; Markku Tukiainen; Mikael von und zu Fraunberg; Ville Leinonen; Juha E. Jääskeläinen (ETRA, 2012)

Voice activity detection from gaze in video mediated communication. - Michal Hradis; Shahram Eivazi; Roman Bednarik (ETRA, 2012)

Gaze and conversational engagement in multiparty video conversation: an annotation scheme and classification of high and low levels of engagement. - Roman Bednarik; Shahram Eivazi; Michal Hradis (GazeIn@ICMI, 2012)

Hard lessons learned: mobile eye-tracking in cockpits. - Hana Vrzakova; Roman Bednarik (GazeIn@ICMI, 2012)

What students want: a study on the role of the supervisor of final works in computing education. - Roman Bednarik; Adam Herout (Koli Calling, 2012)

During automatic program animation, explanations after animations have greater impact than before animations. - Peng Wang; Roman Bednarik; Andrés Moreno (Koli Calling, 2012)

Investigating the role of programmers' peripheral vision: a gaze-contingent tool and an experiment proposal. - Roman Bednarik; Paul Orlov (PPIG, 2012)

Expertise-dependent visual attention strategies develop over time during debugging with multiple code representations. - Roman Bednarik (Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud., 2012)

A Computational Approach for Prediction of Problem-Solving Behavior Using Support Vector Machines and Eye-Tracking Data. - Roman Bednarik; Shahram Eivazi; Hana Vrzakova (Eye Gaze in Intelligent User Interfaces, 2013)

Evaluating user experience of autistic children through video observation. - Susanne Mäkelä; Roman Bednarik; Markku Tukiainen (CHI Extended Abstracts, 2013)

That's not norma(n/l): a detailed analysis of midas touch in gaze-based problem-solving. - Hana Vrzakova; Roman Bednarik (CHI Extended Abstracts, 2013)

DUET 2013: Dual Eye Tracking in CSCL. - Patrick Jermann; Darren Gergle; Roman Bednarik; Pierre Dillenbourg (CSCL (2), 2013)

Gazein'13: the 6th workshop on eye gaze in intelligent human machine interaction: gaze in multimodal interaction. - Roman Bednarik; Hung-Hsuan Huang; Yukiko I. Nakano; Kristiina Jokinen (ICMI, 2013)

Unrawelling the interaction strategies and gaze in collaborative learning with online video lectures. - Roman Bednarik; Marko Kauppinen (GazeIn@ICMI, 2013)

Gaze-augmented interaction improves problem-solving: new evidence from verbal protocols. - Roman Bednarik; Tersia Gowases; Markku Tukiainen (Behav. Inf. Technol., 2013)

Pupil responses during discrete goal-directed movements. - Xianta Jiang; M. Stella Atkins; Geoffrey Tien; Roman Bednarik; Bin Zheng 003 (CHI, 2014)

What influences dwell time during source code reading?: analysis of element type and frequency as factors. - Teresa Busjahn; Roman Bednarik; Carsten Schulte 001 (ETRA, 2014)

Heatmap rendering from large-scale distributed datasets using cloud computing. - Thanh-Chung Dao; Roman Bednarik; Hana Vrzakova (ETRA, 2014)

Pupil dilations during target-pointing respect Fitts' law. - Xianta Jiang; M. Stella Atkins; Geoffrey Tien; Bin Zheng 003; Roman Bednarik (ETRA, 2014)

Verbal gaze instruction matches visual gaze guidance in laparoscopic skills training. - Geoffrey Tien; M. Stella Atkins; Xianta Jiang; Bin Zheng 003; Roman Bednarik (ETRA, 2014)

Eye tracking in computing education. - Teresa Busjahn; Carsten Schulte 001; Bonita Sharif; Simon; Andrew Begel; Michael Hansen; Roman Bednarik; Paul Orlov; Petri Ihantola; Galina Shchekotova; Maria Antropova (ICER, 2014)

Theoretical underpinnings of computing education research: what is the evidence? - Lauri Malmi; Judy Sheard; Simon; Roman Bednarik; Juha Helminen; Päivi Kinnunen; Ari Korhonen; Niko Myller; Juha Sorva; Ahmad Taherkhani (ICER, 2014)

Gaze-in 2014: the 7th Workshop on Eye Gaze in Intelligent Human Machine Interaction. - Hung-Hsuan Huang; Roman Bednarik; Kristiina Jokinen; Yukiko I. Nakano (ICMI, 2014)

The potentials for hands-free interaction in micro-neurosurgery. - Hoorieh Afkari; Shahram Eivazi; Roman Bednarik; Susanne Mäkelä (NordiCHI, 2014)

Low-cost latency measurement system for eye-mouse software. - Pavel A. Orlov; Roman Bednarik (NordiCHI, 2014)

Influential statements and gaze for persuasion modeling. - Hana Vrzakova; Roman Bednarik; Yukiko I. Nakano; Fumio Nihei (NordiCHI, 2014)

Eye movements in code reading: relaxing the linear order. - Teresa Busjahn; Roman Bednarik; Andrew Begel; Martha E. Crosby; James H. Paterson; Carsten Schulte 001; Bonita Sharif; Sascha Tamm (ICPC, 2015)

Quiet Eye Affects Action Detection from Gaze More Than Context Length. - Hana Vrzakova; Roman Bednarik (UMAP, 2015)

User-centred design practice and adoption in smaller ICT companies in Eastern Finland: an interview study. - Roman Bednarik; Janne Krohns (Int. J. Bus. Inf. Syst., 2015)

Pupil responses to continuous aiming movements. - Xianta Jiang; Bin Zheng 003; Roman Bednarik; M. Stella Atkins (Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud., 2015)

Demo hour. - Jutta Fortmann; Heiko Müller 002; Wilko Heuten; Susanne Boll; Jari Kangas 001; Deepak Akkil; Jussi Rantala; Poika Isokoski; Päivi Majaranta; Roope Raisamo; Pavel A. Orlov; Roman Bednarik; et al. (Interactions, 2015)

Speakers' head and gaze dynamics weakly correlate in group conversation. - Hana Vrzakova; Roman Bednarik; Yukiko I. Nakano; Fumio Nihei (ETRA, 2016)

Gaze characteristics of video watching in a surgical setting. - Bin Zheng 003; Xianta Jiang; Roman Bednarik; M. Stella Atkins (ETVIS, 2016)

SPEED: SPectral eye vidEo database. - Ana Gebejes; Pauli Fält; Roman Bednarik; Markku Hauta-Kasari (UbiComp Adjunct, 2016)

WTP: web-tracking plugin for real-time automatic AOI annotations. - Duc Nguyen; Hana Vrzakova; Roman Bednarik (UbiComp Adjunct, 2016)

Programmers' experiences with working in the restricted-view mode as indications of parafoveal processing differences. - Pavel A. Orlov; Roman Bednarik; Liudmila Orlova (PPIG, 2016)

Mechanisms for maintaining situation awareness in the micro-neurosurgical operating room. - Hoorieh Afkari; Roman Bednarik; Susanne Mäkelä; Shahram Eivazi (Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud., 2016)

PeepList: Adapting ex-post interaction with pervasive display content using eye tracking. - Rudolf Kajan; Adam Herout; Roman Bednarik; Filip Povolný (Pervasive Mob. Comput., 2016)

Introduction to the Special Issue on New Directions in Eye Gaze for Interactive Intelligent Systems. - Yukiko I. Nakano; Roman Bednarik; Hung-Hsuan Huang; Kristiina Jokinen (ACM Trans. Interact. Intell. Syst., 2016)

Command Selection in Gaze-based See-through Virtual Image-Guided Environments. - Hoorieh Afkari; David Gil de Gómez Pérez; Roman Bednarik (AH, 2018)

A Portable System for On-Site Medical Spectral Imaging: Pre-Clinical Development and Early Evaluation. - Piotr Bartczak; Matti Iso-Mustajarvi; Hana Vrzakova; Roman Bednarik; Mikael von und zu Fraunberg; Antti-Pekka Elomaa (CBMS, 2018)

Spectral Video in Image-Guided Microsurgical Applications: Integrating Imaging Technology into the Clinical Environment and Ergonomic Considerations. - Piotr Bartczak; Hana Vrzakova; Roman Bednarik; Matti Iso-Mustajarvi; Markku Hauta-Kasari; Juha E. Jääskeläinen; Mikael von und zu Fraunberg; Antti-Pekka Elomaa (CBMS, 2018)

Blink-Based Estimation of Suturing Task Workload and Expertise in Microsurgery. - Roman Bednarik; Jani Koskinen; Hana Vrzakova; Piotr Bartczak; Antti-Pekka Elomaa (CBMS, 2018)

Augmenting Microsurgical Training: Microsurgical Instrument Detection Using Convolutional Neural Networks. - Tomi Leppanen; Hana Vrzakova; Roman Bednarik; Anssi Kanervisto; Antti-Pekka Elomaa; Antti Huotarinen; Piotr Bartczak; Mikael von und zu Fraunberg; Juha E. Jääskeläinen (CBMS, 2018)

Pupil size as an indicator of visual-motor workload and expertise in microsurgical training tasks. - Roman Bednarik; Piotr Bartczak; Hana Vrzakova; Jani Koskinen; Antti-Pekka Elomaa; Antti Huotarinen; David Gil de Gómez Pérez; Mikael von und zu Fraunberg (ETRA, 2018)

Crowdsourcing pupil annotation datasets: boundary vs. center, what performs better? - David Gil de Gómez Pérez; Matti Suokas; Roman Bednarik (PETMEI@ETRA, 2018)

Comparison of Non-Contact Camera Based Methods to Measure the Pulse Rate for Awake Infants. - Takuma Kiyokawa; Kaoru Kiyomitsu; Roman Bednarik; Keiko Ogawa-Ochiai; Norimichi Tsumura (CIC, 2018)

Eye-movement Modeling Examples in Source Code Comprehension: A Classroom Study. - Roman Bednarik; Carsten Schulte 001; Lea Budde; Birte Heinemann; Hana Vrzakova (Koli Calling, 2018)

Prediction as a prerequisite of skilled reading: The cases of source-code and music notation. - Natalia Chitalkina; Roman Bednarik; Marjaana Puurtinen; Hans Gruber (Koli Calling, 2019)

POnline: An Online Pupil Annotation Tool Employing Crowd-sourcing and Engagement Mechanisms. - David Gil de Gómez Pérez; Roman Bednarik (Hum. Comput., 2019)

When you ignore what you see: How to study proof-readers' error in pseudocode reading. - Natalia Chitalkina; Roman Bednarik; Marjaana Puurtinen; Hans Gruber (ETRA Short Papers, 2020)

Gaze - grabber distance in expert and novice forest machine operators: the effects of automatic boom control. - Jani Koskinen; Roman Bednarik (ETRA Adjunct, 2020)

Experts in Medical Computing: Designing a continuous education program with clinical relevance and industrial applicability. - Roman Bednarik; Hana Vrzakova; Antti-Pekka Elomaa; Jukka-Pekka Skön (FIE, 2020)

A practical guide on conducting eye tracking studies in software engineering. - Zohreh Sharafi; Bonita Sharif; Yann-Gaël Guéhéneuc; Andrew Begel; Roman Bednarik; Martha E. Crosby (Empir. Softw. Eng., 2020)

Affect Recognition in Code Review: An In-situ Biometric Study of Reviewer's Affect. - Hana Vrzakova; Andrew Begel; Lauri Mehtätalo; Roman Bednarik (J. Syst. Softw., 2020)

EMIP: The eye movements in programming dataset. - Roman Bednarik; Teresa Busjahn; Agostino Gibaldi; Alireza Ahadi; Mária Bieliková; Martha E. Crosby; Kai Essig; Fabian Fagerholm; Ahmad Jbara; Raymond Lister; Pavel A. Orlov; James H. Paterson; et al. (Sci. Comput. Program., 2020)

3D Exoscopes in Microsurgery: How 3D Exoscopes Reconfigure the Workflow of Assistant Surgeons and Nurses in the Operating Room. - Ahreum Lee; Roman Bednarik (CSCW Companion, 2021)

Integration of Human Factors in Surgery: Interdisciplinary Collaboration in Design, Development, and Evaluation of Surgical Technologies. - Roman Bednarik; Ann Blandford; Feng Feng 004; Antti Huotarinen; Matti Iso-Mustajärvi; Ahreum Lee; Federico Nicolosi; Jeremy Opie; Soojeong Yoo; Bin Zheng 003 (CHI Extended Abstracts, 2022)

Games and Rewards: A Scientometric Study of Rewards in Educational and Serious Games. - Janne Tyni; Anni Tarkiainen; Sonsoles López-Pernas; Mohammed Saqr; Juho Kahila; Roman Bednarik; Matti Tedre (IEEE Access, 2022)

Comparison of noncontact camera-based methods for measuring pulse-rate of awake infants. - Keiko Ogawa-Ochiai; Takuma Kiyokawa; Kaoru Kiyomitsu; Roman Bednarik; Yusuke Mitani; Norimichi Tsumura (Artif. Life Robotics, 2022)

Movement-level process modeling of microsurgical bimanual and unimanual tasks. - Jani Koskinen; Antti Huotarinen; Antti-Pekka Elomaa; Bin Zheng 003; Roman Bednarik (Int. J. Comput. Assist. Radiol. Surg., 2022)

Automated tool detection with deep learning for monitoring kinematics and eye-hand coordination in microsurgery. - Jani Koskinen; Mastaneh Torkamani-Azar; Ahmed Hussein; Antti Huotarinen; Roman Bednarik (Comput. Biol. Medicine, 2022)

Methods and Measures for Mental Stress Assessment in Surgery: A Systematic Review of 20 Years of Literature. - Mastaneh Torkamani-Azar; Ahreum Lee; Roman Bednarik (IEEE J. Biomed. Health Informatics, 2022)

Seeing Through Their Eyes - A Customizable Gaze-Contingent Simulation of Impaired Vision and Other Eye Conditions Using VR/XR Technology. - Rasha Sameer Moustafa; Harri Karhu; Sami Andberg; Roman Bednarik (ETRA, 2023)

Reward Types in Popular Recreational and Educational Mobile Games. - Janne Tyni; Aatu Turunen; Juho Kahila; Roman Bednarik; Matti Tedre (IEEE Access, 2023)

Seize the moment: the role of scrub nurses' proactivity in microsurgical operating-room collaborations. - Hoorieh Afkari; Roman Bednarik (Behav. Inf. Technol., 2023)

HumanEYEze 2024: Workshop on Eye Tracking for Multimodal Human-Centric Computing. - Michael Barz; Roman Bednarik; Andreas Bulling; Cristina Conati; Daniel Sonntag (ICMI, 2024)

Investigating the Impact of Illumination Change on the Accuracy of Head-Mounted Eye Trackers: A Protocol and Initial Results. - Mohammadhossein Salari; Roman Bednarik (ICMI Companion, 2024)

A Bird Matching Game: Difficulty, Rewards and Intrinsic Motivation. - Janne Tyni; Roman Bednarik; Juho Kahila; Matti Tedre (Int. J. Serious Games, 2024)

Can ChatGPT Match the Experts? A Feedback Comparison for Serious Game Development. - Janne Tyni; Aatu Turunen; Juho Kahila; Roman Bednarik; Matti Tedre (Int. J. Serious Games, 2024)

Pupil Size Derived Features Improve the Accuracy of Eye-Tracker Based MCI Classification. - Sami Andberg; Hasnain Ali Shah; Sanna Hannonen; Virve Kärkkäinen; Kai Kaarniranta; Anne M. Koivisto; Roman Bednarik (CBMS, 2025)

A Cookbook for Eye Tracking in Software Engineering. - Lisa Grabinger; Naser Al Madi; Roman Bednarik; Teresa Busjahn; Fabian Engl; Timur Ezer; Hans Gruber; Florian Hauser; Jonathan I. Maletic; Unaizah Obaidellah; Kang-Il Park; Bonita Sharif; et al. (ECSEE, 2025)

Improving microsurgical suture training with automated phase recognition and skill assessment via deep learning. - Salman Khalil; Hasnain Ali Shah; Roman Bednarik (Comput. Biol. Medicine, 2025)

Eye tracking based detection of mild cognitive impairment: A review. - Hasnain Ali Shah; Salman Khalil; Sami Andberg; Anne M. Koivisto; Roman Bednarik (Inf. Fusion, 2025)