New optical four-quadrant phase detector integrated into a photogate array for small and precise 3D cameras. - Rudolf Schwarte; Zhanping Xu; Horst-Günther Heinol; Joachim Olk; Bernd Buxbaum (Three-Dimensional Image Capture, 1997)

Three-Dimensional Imaging Techniques. - Rudolf Schwarte; Gerd Häusler; Reinhard W. Malz (Computer Vision and Applications, 2000)

Novel opportunities for optical level gauging and 3D-imaging with the photoelectronic mixing device. - Peter Gulden; Martin Vossiek; Patric Heide; Rudolf Schwarte (IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 2002)