Evaluating video streaming over UWB wireless networks. - Rukhsana Ruby; Yangyang Liu; Jianping Pan 001 (WMuNeP, 2008)

Performance Analysis of WiMedia UWB MAC. - Rukhsana Ruby; Jianping Pan 001 (ICDCS Workshops, 2009)

Video Streaming with PCA and Hard vs Soft DRP. - Rukhsana Ruby; Jianping Pan 001 (GLOBECOM, 2010)

Utility-based uplink scheduling algorithm for enhancing throughput and fairness in relayed LTE networks. - Rukhsana Ruby; Amr Mohamed 001; Victor C. M. Leung (LCN, 2010)

A hybrid reservation/contention-based MAC for video streaming over wireless networks. - Ruonan Zhang 001; Rukhsana Ruby; Jianping Pan 001; Lin Cai 001; Xuemin Shen (IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., 2010)

Optimal edge nodes selection and power allocation in relay enabled network. - Rukhsana Ruby; Victor C. M. Leung (CCECE, 2011)

Interference sensing using CORAL Cognitive Radio platforms. - Rukhsana Ruby; Salim A. Hanna; John Sydor; Victor C. M. Leung (CHINACOM, 2011)

Towards QoS Assurance with Revenue Maximization of LTE Uplink Scheduling. - Rukhsana Ruby; Victor C. M. Leung (CNSR, 2011)

Transmit Antenna Selection for Downlink Transmission in a Massively Distributed Antenna System Using Convex Optimization. - Saad Mahboob; Rukhsana Ruby; Victor C. M. Leung (BWCCA, 2012)

Optimal transmission strategy for a secondary user in IEEE 802.11 based networks. - Rukhsana Ruby; Victor C. M. Leung; John Sydor (PIMRC, 2012)

A graph-based resource allocation scheme with interference coordination in small cell networks. - Li Zhou 002; Rukhsana Ruby; Haitao Zhao 001; Xiaoting Ji; Jibo Wei; Victor C. M. Leung (GLOBECOM Workshops, 2014)

Uplink scheduling solution for enhancing throughput and fairness in relayed long-term evolution networks. - Rukhsana Ruby; Victor C. M. Leung (IET Commun., 2014)

Virtual frame aggregation: Clustered channel access in wireless networks. - Xuan Dong 002; Shaohe Lv; Chunsheng Zhu; Rukhsana Ruby; Xiaodong Wang 002; Xingming Zhou; Victor C. M. Leung (ICC, 2015)

Performance Analysis of a Heterogeneous Traffic Scheduler using Large Deviation Principle. - Rukhsana Ruby; Victor C. M. Leung (CoRR, 2015)

Reinforcement Learning Based Transmission Strategy of Cognitive User in IEEE 802.11 based Networks. - Rukhsana Ruby; Victor C. M. Leung; John Sydor (CoRR, 2015)

Buffer-aided relaying improves both throughput and end-to-end delay. - Javad Hajipour; Rukhsana Ruby; Amr Mohamed 001; Victor C. M. Leung (EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw., 2015)

Centralized and Game Theoretical Solutions of Joint Source and Relay Power Allocation for AF Relay Based Network. - Rukhsana Ruby; Victor C. M. Leung; David G. Michelson (IEEE Trans. Commun., 2015)

Uplink Scheduler for SC-FDMA-Based Heterogeneous Traffic Networks With QoS Assurance and Guaranteed Resource Utilization. - Rukhsana Ruby; Victor C. M. Leung; David G. Michelson (IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., 2015)

Accurate Combined Keystrokes Detection Using Acoustic Signals. - Jian Wang; Rukhsana Ruby; Lu Wang 002; Kaishun Wu (MSN, 2016)

WiHumidity: A Novel CSI-Based Humidity Measurement System. - Xiang Zhang 008; Rukhsana Ruby; Jinfeng Long; Lu Wang 002; Zhong Ming 001; Kaishun Wu (SmartCom, 2016)

Energy-efficient power allocation for multi-user single-AF-relay underlay cognitive radio networks. - Shiguo Wang; Rukhsana Ruby; Victor C. M. Leung; Zhiqiang Yao (Comput. Networks, 2016)

A Low-Complexity Power Allocation Strategy to Minimize Sum-Source-Power for Multi-User Single-AF-Relay Networks. - Shiguo Wang; Rukhsana Ruby; Victor C. M. Leung; Zhiqiang Yao (IEEE Trans. Commun., 2016)

FLoc: Device-free passive indoor localization in complex environments. - Wenqiang Chen; Maoning Guan; Lu Wang 002; Rukhsana Ruby; Kaishun Wu (ICC, 2017)

Wi-fire: Device-free fire detection using WiFi networks. - Shuxin Zhong; Yongzhi Huang 002; Rukhsana Ruby; Lu Wang 002; Yu-Xuan Qiu; Kaishun Wu (ICC, 2017)

HARS: A Hybrid Adaptive Routing Scheme for Underwater Sensor Networks. - Hanjiang Luo; Rukhsana Ruby; Xiumei Xie; Yongquan Liang 001 (ICPADS, 2017)

ABAid: Navigation Aid for Blind People Using Acoustic Signal. - Zehui Zheng; Weifeng Liu; Rukhsana Ruby; Yongpan Zou; Kaishun Wu (MASS, 2017)

Virtual Keyboard for Wearable Wristbands. - Wenqiang Chen; Yanming Lian; Lu Wang 002; Rukhsana Ruby; Wen Hu 001; Kaishun Wu (SenSys, 2017)

Fine-grained access provisioning via joint gateway selection and flow routing on SDN-aware Wi-Fi mesh networks. - Seyed Dawood Sajjadi Torshizi; Rukhsana Ruby; Maryam Tanha; Jianping Pan 001 (WiMob, 2017)

Simulation and Experimentation Platforms for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks: Advancements and Challenges. - Hanjiang Luo; Kaishun Wu; Rukhsana Ruby; Feng Hong 001; Zhongwen Guo; Lionel M. Ni (ACM Comput. Surv., 2017)

QoS-aware energy-efficient resource allocation in OFDM-based heterogenous cellular networks. - Li Zhou 002; Chunsheng Zhu; Rukhsana Ruby; Xiaofei Wang; Xiaoting Ji; Shan Wang 005; Jibo Wei (Int. J. Commun. Syst., 2017)

Sum-Power Minimization Problem in Multisource Single-AF-Relay Networks: A New Revisit to Study the Optimality. - Shiguo Wang; Rukhsana Ruby; Victor C. M. Leung; Zhiqiang Yao; Xianru Liu; Zhetao Li (IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., 2017)

Performance of Cooperative NOMA Systems under Passive Eavesdropping. - Basem M. ElHalawany; Rukhsana Ruby; Taneli Riihonen; Kaishun Wu (GLOBECOM, 2018)

SIDE: Semi-Distributed Mechanical Equilibrium Based UAV Deployment. - Shuxin Zhong; Yu-Xuan Qiu; Rukhsana Ruby; Lu Wang 002; Kaishun Wu (ICNP, 2018)

mm- Humidity: Fine-Grained Humidity Sensing with Millimeter Wave Signals. - Qinglang Dai; Yongzhi Huang 002; Lu Wang 002; Rukhsana Ruby; Kaishun Wu (ICPADS, 2018)

Randomized Single-Path Flow Routing on SDN-Aware Wi-Fi Mesh Networks. - Dawood Sajjadi; Zehui Zheng; Rukhsana Ruby; Jianping Pan 001 (MASS, 2018)

ViType: A Cost Efficient On-Body Typing System through Vibration. - Wenqiang Chen; Maoning Guan; Yandao Huang; Lu Wang 002; Rukhsana Ruby; Wen Hu 001; Kaishun Wu (SECON, 2018)

Software-Defined Architectures and Technologies for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey. - Hanjiang Luo; Kaishun Wu; Rukhsana Ruby; Yongquan Liang 001; Zhongwen Guo; Lionel M. Ni (IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials, 2018)

Optimal power allocation in NOMA-based two-path successive AF relay systems. - Shiguo Wang; Shu Cao; Rukhsana Ruby (EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw., 2018)

Traffic Engineering Enhancement by Progressive Migration to SDN. - Maryam Tanha; Seyed Dawood Sajjadi Torshizi; Rukhsana Ruby; Jianping Pan 001 (IEEE Commun. Lett., 2018)

Capacity-Aware and Delay-Guaranteed Resilient Controller Placement for Software-Defined WANs. - Maryam Tanha; Dawood Sajjadi; Rukhsana Ruby; Jianping Pan 001 (IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manag., 2018)

Fine-Grained Traffic Engineering on SDN-Aware Wi-Fi Mesh Networks. - Seyed Dawood Sajjadi Torshizi; Rukhsana Ruby; Maryam Tanha; Jianping Pan 001 (IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., 2018)

Enhanced Uplink Resource Allocation in Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access Systems. - Rukhsana Ruby; Shuxin Zhong; Hailiang Yang; Kaishun Wu (IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun., 2018)

EchoWrite: An Acoustic-based Finger Input System Without Training. - Yongpan Zou; Qiang Yang 018; Rukhsana Ruby; Yetong Han; Sicheng Wu; Mo Li 001; Kaishun Wu (ICDCS, 2019)

Taprint: Secure Text Input for Commodity Smart Wristbands. - Wenqiang Chen; Lin Chen 020; Yandao Huang; Xinyu Zhang 003; Lu Wang 002; Rukhsana Ruby; Kaishun Wu (MobiCom, 2019)

FaceInput: A Hand-Free and Secure Text Entry System through Facial Vibration. - Maoning Guan; Wenqiang Chen; Yandao Huang; Rukhsana Ruby; Kaishun Wu (SECON, 2019)

Multimodal Acoustic-RF Adaptive Routing Protocols for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks. - Hanjiang Luo; Xiumei Xie; Guangjie Han; Rukhsana Ruby; Feng Hong 001; Yongquan Liang 001 (IEEE Access, 2019)

Enhanced energy-efficient downlink resource allocation in green non-orthogonal multiple access systems. - Rukhsana Ruby; Shuxin Zhong; Derrick Wing Kwan Ng; Kaishun Wu; Victor C. M. Leung (Comput. Commun., 2019)

D2D Communication for Enabling Internet-of-Things: Outage Probability Analysis. - Basem M. ElHalawany; Rukhsana Ruby; Kaishun Wu (IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., 2019)

Aiding a Disaster Spot via an UAV-Based Mobile AF Relay: Joint Trajectory and Power Optimization. - Rukhsana Ruby; Kaishun Wu; Quoc-Viet Pham; Basem M. ElHalawany (MobiWac, 2020)

SilentSign: Device-free Handwritten Signature Verification through Acoustic Sensing. - Mengqi Chen; Jiawei Lin; Yongpan Zou; Rukhsana Ruby; Kaishun Wu (PerCom, 2020)

A Low-Cost Smart Glove System for Real-Time Fitness Coaching. - Yongpan Zou; Dan Wang 002; Shicong Hong; Rukhsana Ruby; Dian Zhang 001; Kaishun Wu (IEEE Internet Things J., 2020)

A Low Latency On-Body Typing System through Single Vibration Sensor. - Wenqiang Chen; Maoning Guan; Yandao Huang; Lu Wang 002; Rukhsana Ruby; Wen Hu 001; Kaishun Wu (IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput., 2020)

A general hybrid precoding scheme for millimeter wave massive MIMO systems. - Shiguo Wang; Lifang Li; Rukhsana Ruby; Peng Li (Wirel. Networks, 2020)

Underwater Real-time Video Transmission via Optical Channels with Swarms of AUVs. - Xu Wang; Hanjiang Luo; Yuting Yang 001; Rukhsana Ruby; Kaishun Wu (ICPADS, 2021)

Impact of UAV Mobility on Physical Layer Security. - Rukhsana Ruby; Basem M. ElHalawany; Kaishun Wu (MSN, 2021)

Delay Performance of UAV-Based Buffer-Aided Relay Networks under Bursty Traffic: Mobile or Static? - Rukhsana Ruby; Hailiang Yang; Quoc-Viet Pham; Kaishun Wu (WOWMOM, 2021)

Large Intelligent Surfaces With Discrete Set of Phase-Shifts Communicating Through Double-Rayleigh Fading Channels. - Felipe A. P. de Figueiredo; Michelle S. P. Facina; Ricardo Coelho Ferreira; Yun Ai; Rukhsana Ruby; Quoc-Viet Pham; Gustavo Fraidenraich (IEEE Access, 2021)

Automatic Modulation Classification: A Deep Architecture Survey. - Thien Huynh-The; Quoc-Viet Pham; Toan-Van Nguyen; Thanh Thi Nguyen 001; Rukhsana Ruby; Ming Zeng 002; Dong-Seong Kim 002 (IEEE Access, 2021)

Unsupervised Adaptation for High-Dimensional with Limited-Sample Data Classification Using Variational Autoencoder. - Mohammad Sultan Mahmud; Joshua Zhexue Huang; Xianghua Fu; Rukhsana Ruby; Kaishun Wu (Comput. Informatics, 2021)

Evolutionary biogeography-based whale optimization methods with communication structure: Towards measuring the balance. - Jiaze Tu; Huiling Chen 001; Jiacong Liu; Ali Asghar Heidari; Xiaoqin Zhang 002; Mingjing Wang; Rukhsana Ruby; Quoc-Viet Pham (Knowl. Based Syst., 2021)

Equivalent channel-based joint hybrid precoding/combining for large-scale MIMO systems. - Shiguo Wang; Mingyue He; Yongjian Zhang; Rukhsana Ruby (Phys. Commun., 2021)

Clustering and power optimization in mmWave massive MIMO-NOMA systems. - Shiguo Wang; Youan Long; Rukhsana Ruby; Xuewen Fu (Phys. Commun., 2021)

Performance analysis of Multi-Phase cooperative NOMA systems under passive eavesdropping. - Rukhsana Ruby; Taneli Riihonen; Kaishun Wu; Ye Liu; Basem M. ElHalawany (Signal Process., 2021)

Power Saving and Secure Text Input for Commodity Smart Watches. - Kaishun Wu; Yandao Huang; Wenqiang Chen; Lin Chen 020; Xinyu Zhang 003; Lu Wang 002; Rukhsana Ruby (IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput., 2021)

EchoWrite: An Acoustic-Based Finger Input System Without Training. - Kaishun Wu; Qiang Yang 018; Baojie Yuan; Yongpan Zou; Rukhsana Ruby; Mo Li 001 (IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput., 2021)

SDN-Enabled Energy-Aware Routing in Underwater Multi-Modal Communication Networks. - Rukhsana Ruby; Shuxin Zhong; Basem M. ElHalawany; Hanjiang Luo; Kaishun Wu (IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw., 2021)

UAV Communications for Sustainable Federated Learning. - Quoc-Viet Pham; Ming Zeng 002; Rukhsana Ruby; Thien Huynh-The; Won-Joo Hwang (IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., 2021)

Anti-Jamming in Federated Learning Networks under Uncertainty in Jamming Channels. - Rukhsana Ruby; Hailiang Yang; Kaishun Wu (ICC, 2022)

Ergodic Capacity Analysis of NOMA-Based Two-Way Relaying Systems. - Basem M. ElHalawany; Daniel B. da Costa 001; Wali Ullah Khan; Rukhsana Ruby; Omer Waqar; Kaishun Wu (ICDCS Workshops, 2022)

Reliable Water-Air Direct Wireless Communication: Kalman Filter-Assisted Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach. - Jinglong Wang; Hanjiang Luo; Rukhsana Ruby; Jiangang Liu; Kai Guo; Kaishun Wu (LCN, 2022)

Time-of-Use-Aware Priority-Based Multi-Mode Online Charging Scheme for EV Charging Stations. - Md. Navid Bin Anwar; Rukhsana Ruby; Yijun Cheng; Jianping Pan 001 (SmartGridComm, 2022)

Delay performance of priority-queue equipped UAV-based mobile relay networks: Exploring the impact of trajectories. - Hailiang Yang; Rukhsana Ruby; Kaishun Wu (Comput. Networks, 2022)

Aerial Computing: A New Computing Paradigm, Applications, and Challenges. - Quoc-Viet Pham; Rukhsana Ruby; Fang Fang 005; Dinh C. Nguyen; Zhaohui Yang 001; Mai Le; Zhiguo Ding 001; Won-Joo Hwang (IEEE Internet Things J., 2022)

Enhancing Secrecy Performance of Cooperative NOMA-Based IoT Networks via Multiantenna-Aided Artificial Noise. - Rukhsana Ruby; Quoc-Viet Pham; Kaishun Wu; Ali Asghar Heidari; Huiling Chen 001; Basem M. ElHalawany (IEEE Internet Things J., 2022)

Aiding a Disaster Spot via Multi-UAV-Based IoT Networks: Energy and Mission Completion Time-Aware Trajectory Optimization. - Hailiang Yang; Rukhsana Ruby; Quoc-Viet Pham; Kaishun Wu (IEEE Internet Things J., 2022)

Industry 5.0: A survey on enabling technologies and potential applications. - Praveen Kumar Reddy Maddikunta; Quoc-Viet Pham; Prabadevi B; Natarajan Deepa; Kapal Dev; Thippa Reddy Gadekallu; Rukhsana Ruby; Madhusanka Liyanage (J. Ind. Inf. Integr., 2022)

A Joint Hybrid Precoding/Combining Scheme Based on Equivalent Channel for Massive MIMO Systems. - Shiguo Wang; Zhetao Li; Mingyue He; Tao Jiang 002; Rukhsana Ruby; Hong Ji 001; Victor C. M. Leung (IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., 2022)

Explainable AI Over the Internet of Things (IoT): Overview, State-of-the-Art and Future Directions. - Senthil Kumar Jagatheesaperumal; Quoc-Viet Pham; Rukhsana Ruby; Zhaohui Yang 001; Chunmei Xu; Zhaoyang Zhang 001 (IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc., 2022)

UAV-Assisted Maritime Data Collection via Optical Communications using Deep Reinforcement Learning. - Saisai Ma; Mengzhen Li; Tinglong Deng; Jinglong Wang; Rukhsana Ruby; Hanjiang Luo (BIGCOM, 2023)

Multi-UAVs Collaborative Search Scheme in Marine Environments using Deep Reinforcement Learning. - Kai Guo; Hanjiang Luo; Hang Tao; Rukhsana Ruby; Zhizun Qin; Kui Liu (CBD, 2023)

Cooperative and Dynamic UAV-Based Mobile Sink Deployment using Deep Reinforcement Learning. - Mingyue Shao; Hanjiang Luo; Rukhsana Ruby; Pengyan Dong; Hang Tao (CBD, 2023)

A Cooperative Multi-AUV Mobile Scheme with Optical Communication via DDPG Approach. - Mengzhen Li; Hanjiang Luo; Xiang Li; Rukhsana Ruby; Hang Tao; Kaishun Wu (ICPADS, 2023)

UAV-based Reliable Optical Wireless Communication via Cooperative Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning Approach. - Jiangang Liu; Hanjiang Luo; Rukhsana Ruby; Haoran Wang; Hang Tao; Kaishun Wu (ICPADS, 2023)

Pilot spoofing detection for massive MIMO mmWave communication systems with a cooperative relay. - Shiguo Wang; Xuewen Fu; Rukhsana Ruby; Zhetao Li (Comput. Commun., 2023)

A Survey on X.509 Public-Key Infrastructure, Certificate Revocation, and Their Modern Implementation on Blockchain and Ledger Technologies. - Salabat Khan; Fei Luo 003; Zijian Zhang 001; Farhan Ullah; Farhan Amin; Syed Furqan Qadri; Md Belal Bin Heyat; Rukhsana Ruby; Lu Wang 002; Shamsher Ullah; Meng Li 006; Victor C. M. Leung; et al. (IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials, 2023)

AUV-Aided Optical - Acoustic Hybrid Data Collection Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning. - Fanfeng Bu; Hanjiang Luo; Saisai Ma; Xiang Li; Rukhsana Ruby; Guangjie Han (Sensors, 2023)

Anti-Jamming Strategy for Federated Learning in Internet of Medical Things: A Game Approach. - Rukhsana Ruby; Hailiang Yang; Kaishun Wu (IEEE J. Biomed. Health Informatics, 2023)

SVM-Based Optimization on the Number of Data Streams for Massive MIMO Systems. - Shiguo Wang; Mingyue He; Rukhsana Ruby; Yongjian Zhang (IEEE Syst. J., 2023)

Energy-Efficient Multiprocessor-Based Computation and Communication Resource Allocation in Two-Tier Federated Learning Networks. - Rukhsana Ruby; Hailiang Yang; Felipe A. P. de Figueiredo; Thien Huynh-The; Kaishun Wu (IEEE Internet Things J., 2023)

Approximate Clustering Ensemble Method for Big Data. - Mohammad Sultan Mahmud; Joshua Zhexue Huang; Rukhsana Ruby; Alladoumbaye Ngueilbaye; Kaishun Wu (IEEE Trans. Big Data, 2023)

Secrecy-Energy-Efficiency Maximization for UAV-Enabled Two-Way Relay Systems. - Shiguo Wang; Linzhi Li; Rukhsana Ruby; Xiukai Ruan; Jianming Zhang 003; Yongjian Zhang (IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., 2023)

Underwater Real-Time Video Transmission via Wireless Optical Channels With Swarms of AUVs. - Hanjiang Luo; Xu Wang; Fanfeng Bu; Yuting Yang 001; Rukhsana Ruby; Kaishun Wu (IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., 2023)

Antenna Selections Strategies for Massive MIMO Systems With Limited-Resolution ADCs/DACs. - Shiguo Wang; Min Zhu; Zhetao Li; Liang Yang 001; Cheng-Xiang Wang 001; Rukhsana Ruby (IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun., 2023)

An ensemble method for estimating the number of clusters in a big data set using multiple random samples. - Mohammad Sultan Mahmud; Joshua Zhexue Huang; Rukhsana Ruby; Kaishun Wu (J. Big Data, 2023)

An Optimized Scheduling Scheme for UAV-USV Cooperative Search via Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Approach. - Pengyan Dong; Jiahong Liu; Hang Tao; Rukhsana Ruby; Muwei Jian; Hanjiang Luo (MSN, 2024)

Pilot spoofing detection based on pilot random block encryption. - Shiguo Wang; Hongdong Liu; Rukhsana Ruby; Xiukai Ruan; Yongjian Zhang (Wirel. Networks, 2024)

DRL-Optimized Optical Communication for a Reliable UAV-Based Maritime Data Transmission. - Hanjiang Luo; Saisai Ma; Hang Tao; Rukhsana Ruby; Jiehan Zhou; Kaishun Wu (IEEE Internet Things J., 2024)

Joint Optimization on Energy Efficiency for UAV-Enabled Two-Way Relay Systems. - Shiguo Wang; Linzhi Li; Peng Li; Yongjian Zhang; Rukhsana Ruby; Qingyong Deng (IEEE Trans. Green Commun. Netw., 2024)

Enabling Reliable Water-Air Direct Optical Wireless Communication for Uncrewed Vehicular Networks: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach. - Jinglong Wang; Hanjiang Luo; Rukhsana Ruby; Jiangang Liu; Shengli Wang; Kaishun Wu (IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., 2024)

Toward Secrecy-Energy-Efficiency Optimization for UAV-Assisted Bidirectional Systems With Active Eavesdroppers. - Shiguo Wang; Jingjing Wang; Rukhsana Ruby; Yongjian Zhang; Qingyong Deng (IEEE Internet Things J., 2024)

Full-duplex (FD) two-way device-to-device (D2D) communications based on dual IRSs. - Shiguo Wang; Chang Lin; Rukhsana Ruby; Xiukai Ruan; Qingyong Deng (Phys. Commun., 2025)

Impact of UAV-Based Transmitter Mobility on Physical Layer Security. - Rukhsana Ruby; Basem M. ElHalawany; Quoc-Viet Pham; Kaishun Wu; Lu Wang 002 (IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur., 2025)