Tracing normiefication A cross-platform analysis of the QAnon conspiracy theory. - Daniël de Zeeuw; Sal Hagen; Stijn Peeters; Emilija Jokubauskaite (First Monday, 2020)

(((They))) rule: Memetic antagonism and nebulous othering on 4chan. - Marc Tuters; Sal Hagen (New Media Soc., 2020)

Based and confused: Tracing the political connotations of a memetic phrase across the web. - Sal Hagen; Daniël de Zeeuw (Big Data Soc., 2023)

'Who is /ourguy/?': Tracing panoramic memes to study the collectivity of 4chan/pol/. - Sal Hagen (New Media Soc., 2024)