Missingness as Stability: Understanding the Structure of Missingness in Longitudinal EHR data and its Impact on Reinforcement Learning in Healthcare. - Scott L. Fleming; Kuhan Jeyapragasan; Tony Duan; Daisy Yi Ding; Saurabh Gombar; Nigam Shah; Emma Brunskill (CoRR, 2019)

Trove: Ontology-driven weak supervision for medical entity classification. - Jason A. Fries; Ethan Steinberg; Saelig Khattar; Scott L. Fleming; José D. Posada; Alison Callahan; Nigam H. Shah (CoRR, 2020)

Assessing the accuracy of automatic speech recognition for psychotherapy. - Adam S. Miner; Albert Haque; Jason A. Fries; Scott L. Fleming; Denise E. Wilfley; G. Terence Wilson; Arnold Milstein; Dan Jurafsky; Bruce A. Arnow; W. Stewart Agras; Li Fei-Fei 001; Nigam H. Shah (npj Digit. Medicine, 2020)

Reinforcement Learning with State Observation Costs in Action-Contingent Noiselessly Observable Markov Decision Processes. - Hyunji Alex Nam; Scott L. Fleming; Emma Brunskill (NeurIPS, 2021)

Systematic Review of Approaches to Preserve Machine Learning Performance in the Presence of Temporal Dataset Shift in Clinical Medicine. - Lin Lawrence Guo; Stephen R. Pfohl; Jason Alan Fries; José D. Posada; Scott L. Fleming; Catherine Aftandilian; Nigam Shah; Lillian Sung (Appl. Clin. Inform., 2021)

Considerations in the reliability and fairness audits of predictive models for advance care planning. - Jonathan Lu; Amelia Sattler; Samantha Wang; Ali Raza Khaki; Alison Callahan; Scott L. Fleming; Rebecca Fong; Benjamin Ehlert; Ron C. Li; Lisa Shieh; Kavitha Ramchandran; Michael Gensheimer 001; et al. (Frontiers Digit. Health, 2022)

The Shaky Foundations of Clinical Foundation Models: A Survey of Large Language Models and Foundation Models for EMRs. - Michael Wornow; Yizhe Xu; Rahul Thapa; Birju S. Patel; Ethan Steinberg; Scott L. Fleming; Michael A. Pfeffer; Jason A. Fries; Nigam H. Shah (CoRR, 2023)

Clinfo.ai: An Open-Source Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Model System for Answering Medical Questions using Scientific Literature. - Alejandro Lozano; Scott L. Fleming; Chia-Chun Chiang; Nigam Shah (CoRR, 2023)

The shaky foundations of large language models and foundation models for electronic health records. - Michael Wornow; Yizhe Xu; Rahul Thapa; Birju S. Patel; Ethan Steinberg; Scott L. Fleming; Michael A. Pfeffer; Jason Alan Fries; Nigam H. Shah (npj Digit. Medicine, 2023)

Self-supervised machine learning using adult inpatient data produces effective models for pediatric clinical prediction tasks. - Joshua Lemmon; Lin Lawrence Guo; Ethan Steinberg; Keith E. Morse; Scott Lanyon Fleming; Catherine Aftandilian; Stephen R. Pfohl; José D. Posada; Nigam Shah; Jason Alan Fries; Lillian Sung (J. Am. Medical Informatics Assoc., 2023)

MedAlign: A Clinician-Generated Dataset for Instruction Following with Electronic Medical Records. - Scott L. Fleming; Alejandro Lozano; William J. Haberkorn; Jenelle A. Jindal; Eduardo Pontes Reis; Rahul Thapa; Louis Blankemeier; Julian Z. Genkins; Ethan Steinberg; Ashwin Nayak 002; Birju S. Patel; Chia-Chun Chiang; et al. (AAAI, 2024)

A multi-center study on the adaptability of a shared foundation model for electronic health records. - Lin Lawrence Guo; Jason Alan Fries; Ethan Steinberg; Scott Lanyon Fleming; Keith E. Morse; Catherine Aftandilian; José D. Posada; Nigam Shah; Lillian Sung (npj Digit. Medicine, 2024)

Characterizing the limitations of using diagnosis codes in the context of machine learning for healthcare. - Lin Lawrence Guo; Keith E. Morse; Catherine Aftandilian; Ethan Steinberg; Jason Alan Fries; José D. Posada; Scott Lanyon Fleming; Joshua Lemmon; Karim Jessa; Nigam Shah; Lillian Sung (BMC Medical Informatics Decis. Mak., 2024)

Red teaming ChatGPT in medicine to yield real-world insights on model behavior. - Crystal T. Chang; Hodan Farah; Haiwen Gui; Shawheen Justin Rezaei; Charbel Bou-Khalil; Ye-Jean Park; Akshay Swaminathan; Jesutofunmi A. Omiye; Akaash Kolluri; Akash Chaurasia; Alejandro Lozano; Alice Heiman; et al. (npj Digit. Medicine, 2025)