Fire-Flyer AI-HPC: A Cost-Effective Software-Hardware Co-Design for Deep Learning. - Wei An; Xiao Bi; Guanting Chen 002; Shanhuang Chen; Chengqi Deng; Honghui Ding; Kai Dong 003; Qiushi Du; Wenjun Gao; Kang Guan; Jianzhong Guo; Yongqiang Guo; et al. (SC, 2024)

DeepSeek LLM: Scaling Open-Source Language Models with Longtermism. - Xiao Bi; Deli Chen; Guanting Chen 002; Shanhuang Chen; Damai Dai; Chengqi Deng; Honghui Ding; Kai Dong 003; Qiushi Du; Zhe Fu; Huazuo Gao; Kaige Gao; et al. (CoRR, 2024)

DeepSeek-V2: A Strong, Economical, and Efficient Mixture-of-Experts Language Model. - DeepSeek-AI; Aixin Liu; Bei Feng; Bin Wang 065; Bingxuan Wang; Bo Liu 039; Chenggang Zhao; Chengqi Deng; Chong Ruan; Damai Dai; Daya Guo; Dejian Yang; et al. (CoRR, 2024)

Fire-Flyer AI-HPC: A Cost-Effective Software-Hardware Co-Design for Deep Learning. - Wei An; Xiao Bi; Guanting Chen 002; Shanhuang Chen; Chengqi Deng; Honghui Ding; Kai Dong 003; Qiushi Du; Wenjun Gao; Kang Guan; Jianzhong Guo; Yongqiang Guo; et al. (CoRR, 2024)

DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report. - DeepSeek-AI; Aixin Liu; Bei Feng; Bing Xue; Bingxuan Wang; Bochao Wu; Chengda Lu; Chenggang Zhao; Chengqi Deng; Chenyu Zhang; Chong Ruan; Damai Dai; et al. (CoRR, 2024)

DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning. - DeepSeek-AI; Daya Guo; Dejian Yang; Haowei Zhang; Junxiao Song; Ruoyu Zhang; Runxin Xu; Qihao Zhu; Shirong Ma; Peiyi Wang; Xiao Bi; Xiaokang Zhang; et al. (CoRR, 2025)