Constant false alarm rate in fire detection for MODIS data. - Maurizio di Bisceglie; Roberto Episcopo; Carmela Galdi; Silvia Liberata Ullo (IGARSS, 2005)

Multiband CFAR detection of thermal anomalies using principal component analysis. - Maurizio di Bisceglie; Roberto Episcopo; Carmela Galdi; Silvia Liberata Ullo (IGARSS, 2007)

Implementing assisted navigation in hybrid sensor networks. - Franco Frattolillo; Nicola Quarantiello; Silvia Liberata Ullo (IGARSS, 2007)

Image Registration using Non-Linear Diffusion. - Michele Ceccarelli; Maurizio di Bisceglie; Carmela Galdi; Generoso Giangregorio; Silvia Liberata Ullo (IGARSS (5), 2008)

Energy Consumption Estimation in Hybrid Sensor Networks Running Assisted Navigation Algorithms. - Franco Frattolillo; Federica Landolfi; Silvia Liberata Ullo (IGARSS (3), 2008)

Destriping MODIS Data Using Overlapping Field-of-View Method. - Maurizio di Bisceglie; Roberto Episcopo; Carmela Galdi; Silvia Liberata Ullo (IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens., 2009)

Phase retrieval in SAR interferograms using diffusion and inpainting. - Alfio Borzì; Maurizio di Bisceglie; Carmela Galdi; Luca Pallotta; Silvia Liberata Ullo (IGARSS, 2010)

A new algorithm for noise reduction and quality improvement in SAR interferograms using inpainting and diffusion. - Silvia Liberata Ullo; Maurizio di Bisceglie; Carmela Galdi (IGARSS, 2011)

Analysis and validation of high-resolution satellite DEMs generated from EROS-B data for montaguto landslide. - Nicomino Fiscante; Mariano Focareta; Carmela Galdi; Silvia Liberata Ullo (IGARSS, 2012)

CFAR detection of fire events in non-homogeneous non-Gaussian background. - Tiziana Beltramonte; Maurizio di Bisceglie; Carmela Galdi; Silvia Liberata Ullo (TyWRRS, 2012)

Space-time statistics for the number of specular points in sea surface GNSS reflectometry. - Tiziana Beltramonte; Maurizio di Bisceglie; Carmela Galdi; Silvia Liberata Ullo (IGARSS, 2014)

Stochastic simulation of delay-Doppler maps for GNSS-R. - Pia Addabbo; Tiziana Beltramonte; Salvatore D'Addio; Maurizio di Bisceglie; Carmela Galdi; Generoso Giangregorio; Silvia Liberata Ullo (IGARSS, 2015)

Combination of LANDSAT and EROS-B satellite images with GPS and LiDAR data for land monitoring. A case study: The Sant'Arcangelo Trimonte dump. - Pia Addabbo; Maurizio di Bisceglie; Mariano Focareta; Carmela Galdi; Carmine Maffei; Silvia Liberata Ullo (IGARSS, 2015)

The hyperspectral unmixing of nitrogen dioxide from the ESA-SCIAMACHY Nadir measurements. - Pia Addabbo; Maurizio di Bisceglie; Carmela Galdi; Silvia Liberata Ullo (IGARSS, 2015)

The Hyperspectral Unmixing of Trace-Gases From ESA SCIAMACHY Reflectance Data. - Pia Addabbo; Maurizio di Bisceglie; Carmela Galdi; Silvia Liberata Ullo (IEEE Geosci. Remote. Sens. Lett., 2015)

Land cover classification and monitoring through multisensor image and data combination. - Pia Addabbo; Mariano Focareta; Salvo Marcuccio; Claudio Votto; Silvia Liberata Ullo (IGARSS, 2016)

Analysis of GPS signals backscattered from a target on the sea surface. - Silvia Liberata Ullo; Generoso Giangregorio; Maurizio di Bisceglie; Carmela Galdi; Maria Paola Clarizia; Pia Addabbo (IGARSS, 2017)

Use of Differential Interferometry on Sentinel-L Images for the Measurement of Ground Displacements. Ischia Earthquake and Comparison with Ingv Data. - Silvia Liberata Ullo; Cesario Vincenzo Angelino; Luca Cicala; Nicomino Fiscante; Pia Addabbo (IGARSS, 2018)

Landslide Geohazard Assessment with Convolutional Neural Networks Using Sentinel-2 Imagery Data. - Silvia Liberata Ullo; Maximillian S. Langenkamp; Tuomas P. Oikarinen; Maria Pia del Rosso; Alessandro Sebastianelli; Federica Piccirillo; Stefania Sica (IGARSS, 2019)

Application of DInSAR Technique to High Coherence Sentinel-1 Images for Dam Monitoring and Result Validation Through In Situ Measurements. - Silvia Liberata Ullo; Pia Addabbo; Diego Di Martire; Stefania Sica; Nicomino Fiscante; Luca Cicala; Cesario Vincenzo Angelino (IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote. Sens., 2019)

Post-Fire Assessment of Burned Areas with Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 Imagery Together with Modis and Viirs Active Fire Products. - Cesario Vincenzo Angelino; Luca Cicala; Sara Parrilli; Nicomino Fiscante; Silvia Liberata Ullo (IGARSS, 2020)

Application of Dinsar Technique to High Coherence Satellite Images for Strategic Infrastructure Monitoring. - T. De Corso; Luca Mignone; Alessandro Sebastianelli; Maria P. del Rosso; C. Yost; E. Ciampa; M. Pecce; Stefania Sica; Silvia Liberata Ullo (IGARSS, 2020)

Semi-Automatic Classification of Building From Low-Density Lidar Data and Worldview-2 Images Through OBIA Technique. - Chiara Zarro; Silvia Liberata Ullo; Giuseppe Meoli; Mariano Focareta (IGARSS, 2020)

Hybrid Computerized Method for Environmental Sound Classification. - Silvia Liberata Ullo; Smith K. Khare; Varun Bajaj; Ganesh Ram Sinha (IEEE Access, 2020)

Land Use and Land Cover Classification using a Human Group based Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm with a LSTM classifier on hybrid-pre-processing Remote Sensing Images. - T. Kowsalya; Silvia Liberata Ullo; Chiara Zarro; K. L. Hemalatha; Parameshachari Bidare Divakarachari (CoRR, 2020)

AIRSENSE-TO-ACT: A Concept Paper for COVID-19 Countermeasures based on Artificial Intelligence algorithms and multi-sources Data Processing. - Alessandro Sebastianelli; Francesco Mauro; Gianluca Di Cosmo; Fabrizio Passarini; Marco Carminati; Silvia Liberata Ullo (CoRR, 2020)

Perspectives on the Structural Health Monitoring of Bridges by Synthetic Aperture Radar. - Filippo Biondi; Pia Addabbo; Silvia Liberata Ullo; Carmine Clemente; Danilo Orlando (Remote. Sens., 2020)

Landslide Susceptibility Assessment of Wildfire Burnt Areas through Earth-Observation Techniques and a Machine Learning-Based Approach. - Mariano Di Napoli; Palmira Marsiglia; Diego Di Martire; Massimo Ramondini; Silvia Liberata Ullo; Domenico Calcaterra (Remote. Sens., 2020)

Land-Use and Land-Cover Classification Using a Human Group-Based Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm with an LSTM Classifier on Hybrid Pre-Processing Remote-Sensing Images. - Ganesh B. Rajendran; Uma M. Kumarasamy; Chiara Zarro; Parameshachari Bidare Divakarachari; Silvia Liberata Ullo (Remote. Sens., 2020)

Advances in Smart Environment Monitoring Systems Using IoT and Sensors. - Silvia Liberata Ullo; Ganesh Ram Sinha (Sensors, 2020)

LiDAR-Based System and Optical VHR Data for Building Detection and Mapping. - Silvia Liberata Ullo; Chiara Zarro; Konrad Wojtowicz; Giuseppe Meoli; Mariano Focareta (Sensors, 2020)

Monitoring of Critical Infrastructures by Micromotion Estimation: The Mosul Dam Destabilization. - Filippo Biondi; Pia Addabbo; Carmine Clemente; Silvia Liberata Ullo; Danilo Orlando (IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote. Sens., 2020)

Investigating Development of Countries Through Nightlights. - Xinyi Hope Fu; Chiara Zarro; Davide De Pasquale; Silvia Liberata Ullo (IGARSS, 2021)

Advantages and Bottlenecks of Quantum Machine Learning for Remote Sensing. - Daniela Alessandra Zaidenberg; Alessandro Sebastianelli; Dario Spiller; Bertrand Le Saux; Silvia Liberata Ullo (IGARSS, 2021)

A Deep Q-Learning based approach applied to the Snake game. - Alessandro Sebastianelli; Massimo Tipaldi; Silvia Liberata Ullo; Luigi Glielmo (MED, 2021)

Advantages and Bottlenecks of Quantum Machine Learning for Remote Sensing. - Daniela Alessandra Zaidenberg; Alessandro Sebastianelli; Dario Spiller; Silvia Liberata Ullo (CoRR, 2021)

A SAR speckle filter based on Residual Convolutional Neural Networks. - Alessandro Sebastianelli; Maria Pia del Rosso; Silvia Liberata Ullo (CoRR, 2021)

Paradigm selection for Data Fusion of SAR and Multispectral Sentinel data applied to Land-Cover Classification. - Alessandro Sebastianelli; Maria Pia del Rosso; Pierre-Philippe Mathieu; Silvia Liberata Ullo (CoRR, 2021)

Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Spatio-Temporal Data Fusion for Clouds Removal. - Alessandro Sebastianelli; Artur Nowakowski; Erika Puglisi; Maria Pia del Rosso; Jamila Mifdal; Fiora Pirri; Pierre-Philippe Mathieu; Silvia Liberata Ullo (CoRR, 2021)

AIRSENSE-TO-ACT: A Concept Paper for COVID-19 Countermeasures Based on Artificial Intelligence Algorithms and Multi-Source Data Processing. - Alessandro Sebastianelli; Francesco Mauro; Gianluca Di Cosmo; Fabrizio Passarini; Marco Carminati; Silvia Liberata Ullo (ISPRS Int. J. Geo Inf., 2021)

On-Board Volcanic Eruption Detection through CNNs and Satellite Multispectral Imagery. - Maria Pia del Rosso; Alessandro Sebastianelli; Dario Spiller; Pierre-Philippe Mathieu; Silvia Liberata Ullo (Remote. Sens., 2021)

Advances in IoT and Smart Sensors for Remote Sensing and Agriculture Applications. - Silvia Liberata Ullo; Ganesh Ram Sinha (Remote. Sens., 2021)

Adaptive Waveform Design with Multipath Exploitation Radar in Heterogeneous Environments. - Seden Hazal Gulen Yilmaz; Chiara Zarro; Harun Taha Hayvaci; Silvia Liberata Ullo (Remote. Sens., 2021)

Automatic dataset builder for Machine Learning applications to satellite imagery. - Alessandro Sebastianelli; Maria Pia del Rosso; Silvia Liberata Ullo (SoftwareX, 2021)

A New Mask R-CNN-Based Method for Improved Landslide Detection. - Silvia Liberata Ullo; Amrita Mohan; Alessandro Sebastianelli; Shaik Ejaz Ahamed; Basant Kumar; Ramji Dwivedi; Ganesh Ram Sinha (IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote. Sens., 2021)

Novel Classification Schemes for Radar Scenarios: Design and Comparison. - Chaoran Yin; Linjie Yan; Chengpeng Hao; Silvia Liberata Ullo; Danilo Orlando; Chaohuan Hou (EUSIPCO, 2022)

Automatic Processing Chain for the Generation of Simplified Sar Images of Large Scenes. - Maria Pia del Rosso; Andrea Masini; Andrea Bracci; Luigi Ridolfi; Ferdinando Cicciù; Silvia Liberata Ullo (IGARSS, 2022)

A Decision Support System Based on Machine Learning to Counteract Covid-Like Pandemic Events. - Alessandro Sebastianelli; Francesco Mauro; Gianluca Di Cosmo; Fabrizio Passarini; Marco Carminati; Silvia Liberata Ullo (IGARSS, 2022)

A demo setup testing onboard CNNs for Volcanic Eruption Detection. - Maria Pia del Rosso; Alessandro Sebastianelli; Dario Spiller; Silvia Liberata Ullo (MetroXRAINE, 2022)

Early Detection of Volcanic Eruption through Artificial Intelligence on board. - Pietro Di Stasio; Alessandro Sebastianelli; Gabriele Meoni; Silvia Liberata Ullo (MetroXRAINE, 2022)

Urban Sprawl and COVID-19 Impact Analysis by Integrating Deep Learning with Google Earth Engine. - Chiara Zarro; Daniele Cerra; Stefan Auer; Silvia Liberata Ullo; Peter Reinartz (Remote. Sens., 2022)

A Speckle Filter for Sentinel-1 SAR Ground Range Detected Data Based on Residual Convolutional Neural Networks. - Alessandro Sebastianelli; Maria Pia del Rosso; Silvia Liberata Ullo; Paolo Gamba (IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote. Sens., 2022)

On Circuit-Based Hybrid Quantum Neural Networks for Remote Sensing Imagery Classification. - Alessandro Sebastianelli; Daniela Alessandra Zaidenberg; Dario Spiller; Bertrand Le Saux; Silvia Liberata Ullo (IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote. Sens., 2022)

PLFM: Pixel-Level Merging of Intermediate Feature Maps by Disentangling and Fusing Spatial and Temporal Data for Cloud Removal. - Alessandro Sebastianelli; Erika Puglisi; Maria Pia del Rosso; Jamila Mifdal; Artur Nowakowski; Pierre-Philippe Mathieu; Fiora Pirri; Silvia Liberata Ullo (IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens., 2022)

Adaptive Detection of Multiple Sub-Pixel Targets in Hyperspectral Systems. - Pia Addabbo; Nicomino Fiscante; Gaetano Giunta; Danilo Orlando; Giuseppe Ricci; Silvia Liberata Ullo (IGARSS, 2023)

ARD, FAIR Earth Observation Principles, Data Fusion: Where are we and where do we need to go? - Dalton D. Lunga; Ronny Hänsch; Ujjwal Verma; Fabio Pacifici; George Percivall; Silvia Liberata Ullo (IGARSS, 2023)

SEN2DWATER: A Novel Multispectral and Multitemporal Dataset and Deep Learning Benchmark for Water Resources Analysis. - Francesco Mauro; Benjamin Rich; Veronica Wairimu Muriga; Fjoralba Janku; Alessandro Sebastianelli; Silvia Liberata Ullo (IGARSS, 2023)

A Machine Learning Approach to Long-Term Drought Prediction Using Normalized Difference Indices Computed on a Spatiotemporal Dataset. - Veronica Wairimu Muriga; Benjamin Rich; Francesco Mauro; Alessandro Sebastianelli; Silvia Liberata Ullo (IGARSS, 2023)

A SAR-SAR Template Matching Based on Autoencoders and Multi-Level and Multi-Rotation Feature-Space Correlation. - Maria Pia del Rosso; Luigi Ridolfi; Ferdinando Cicciù; Silvia Liberata Ullo (IGARSS, 2023)

Estimation of Ground NO2 Measurements from Sentinel-5P Tropospheric Data through Categorical Boosting. - Francesco Mauro; Luigi Russo 002; Fjoralba Janku; Alessandro Sebastianelli; Silvia Liberata Ullo (MetroXRAINE, 2023)

Integration of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data for Earth surface classification using Machine Learning algorithms implemented on Google Earth Engine. - Francesca Razzano; Mariapia Rita Iandolo; Chiara Zarro; G. S. Yogesh; Silvia Liberata Ullo (CoRR, 2023)

Multitemporal analysis in Google Earth Engine for detecting urban changes using optical data and machine learning algorithms. - Mariapia Rita Iandolo; Francesca Razzano; Chiara Zarro; G. S. Yogesh; Silvia Liberata Ullo (CoRR, 2023)

On Quantum Hyperparameters Selection in Hybrid Classifiers for Earth Observation Data. - Alessandro Sebastianelli; Maria Pia del Rosso; Silvia Liberata Ullo; Paolo Gamba (IEEE Geosci. Remote. Sens. Lett., 2023)

Multiple Sub-Pixel Target Detection for Hyperspectral Imaging Systems. - Pia Addabbo; Nicomino Fiscante; Gaetano Giunta; Danilo Orlando; Giuseppe Ricci; Silvia Liberata Ullo (IEEE Trans. Signal Process., 2023)

Classification Schemes for the Radar Reference Window: Design and Comparisons. - Chaoran Yin; Linjie Yan; Chengpeng Hao; Silvia Liberata Ullo; Gaetano Giunta; Alfonso Farina; Danilo Orlando (IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., 2023)

Enhancing Micro-Doppler Classification Using Superlet-Based Time-Frequency Distribution. - Luca Mignone; Christos V. Ilioudis; Carmine Clemente; Silvia Liberata Ullo (IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., 2023)

Qspecklefilter: A Quantum Machine Learning Approach for SAR Speckle Filtering. - Francesco Mauro; Alessandro Sebastianelli; Maria Pia del Rosso; Paolo Gamba; Silvia Liberata Ullo (IGARSS, 2024)

A Hybrid MLP-Quantum Approach in Graph Convolutional Neural Networks for Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) Prediction. - Francesco Mauro; Alessandro Sebastianelli; Bertrand Le Saux; Paolo Gamba; Silvia Liberata Ullo (IGARSS, 2024)

A U-Net Architecture for Building Segmentation Through Very High Resolution Cosmo-Skymed Imagery. - Babak Memar; Luigi Russo 002; Silvia Liberata Ullo (IGARSS, 2024)

Monitoring Water Contaminants in Coastal Areas Through ML Algorithms Leveraging Atmospherically Corrected Sentinel-2 Data. - Francesca Razzano; Francesco Mauro; Pietro Di Stasio; Gabriele Meoni; Marco Esposito; Gilda Schirinzi; Silvia Liberata Ullo (IGARSS, 2024)

Using Multi-Temporal Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Data for Water Bodies Mapping. - Luigi Russo 002; Francesco Mauro; Babak Memar; Alessandro Sebastianelli; Paolo Gamba; Silvia Liberata Ullo (IGARSS, 2024)

AI techniques for near real-time monitoring of contaminants in coastal waters on board future Phisat-2 mission. - Francesca Razzano; Pietro Di Stasio; Francesco Mauro; Gabriele Meoni; Marco Esposito; Gilda Schirinzi; Silvia Liberata Ullo (CoRR, 2024)

From Graphs to Qubits: A Critical Review of Quantum Graph Neural Networks. - Andrea Ceschini; Francesco Mauro; Francesca De Falco; Alessandro Sebastianelli; Alessio Verdone; Antonello Rosato; Bertrand Le Saux; Massimo Panella; Paolo Gamba; Silvia Liberata Ullo (CoRR, 2024)

Assessment of Spectral based Solutions for the Detection of Floating Marine Debris. - Muhammad Ali; Francesca Razzano; Sergio Vitale; Giampaolo Ferraioli; Vito Pascazio; Gilda Schirinzi; Silvia Liberata Ullo (CoRR, 2024)

SEN12-WATER: A New Dataset for Hydrological Applications and its Benchmarking. - Luigi Russo 002; Francesco Mauro; Alessandro Sebastianelli; Paolo Gamba; Silvia Liberata Ullo (CoRR, 2024)

Benchmarking of a new data splitting method on volcanic eruption data. - Simona Reale; Pietro Di Stasio; Francesco Mauro; Alessandro Sebastianelli; Paolo Gamba; Silvia Liberata Ullo (CoRR, 2024)

Recent Advances in Machine Learning for Remote Sensing Toward the Sustainable Development Goals. - Ujjwal Verma; Dalton D. Lunga; Ronny Hänsch; Claudio Persello; Silvia Liberata Ullo (IEEE Geosci. Remote. Sens. Lett., 2024)

Fusing Transformers in a Tuning Fork Structure for Hyperspectral Image Classification Across Disjoint Samples. - Muhammad Ahmad; Muhammad Usama; Manuel Mazzara; Salvatore Distefano; Hamad Ahmed Altuwaijri; Silvia Liberata Ullo (IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote. Sens., 2024)

AI Techniques for Near Real-Time Monitoring of Contaminants in Coastal Waters on Board Future $ Phi$sat-2 Mission. - Francesca Razzano; Pietro Di Stasio; Francesco Mauro; Gabriele Meoni; Marco Esposito; Gilda Schirinzi; Silvia Liberata Ullo (IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote. Sens., 2024)

A Quantum-assisted Attention U-Net for Building Segmentation over Tunis using Sentinel-1 Data. - Luigi Russo 002; Francesco Mauro; Babak Memar; Alessandro Sebastianelli; Silvia Liberata Ullo; Paolo Gamba (JURSE, 2025)

Building Height Estimation from COSMO-SkyMed Imagery through Deep Learning Methods. - Babak Memar; Luigi Russo 002; Silvia Liberata Ullo; Paolo Gamba (JURSE, 2025)

Enhancing Local Climate Zone Classification With MSCA-MSLCZNet: A Multistream Deep Learning Approach. - Ximing Liu; Luigi Russo 002; Wenbo Li; Alim Samat; Silvia Liberata Ullo; Paolo Gamba (IEEE Geosci. Remote. Sens. Lett., 2025)

Quantum-Enhanced Water Quality Monitoring: Exploiting $ Phi$ Sat-2 Data With Quanvolution. - Francesco Mauro; Francesca Razzano; Pietro Di Stasio; Alessandro Sebastianelli; Gabriele Meoni; Gilda Schirinzi; Paolo Gamba; Silvia Liberata Ullo (IEEE Geosci. Remote. Sens. Lett., 2025)

DiffFormer: A Differential Spatial-Spectral Transformer for Hyperspectral Image Classification. - Muhammad Ahmad; Manuel Mazzara; Salvatore Distefano; Adil Mehmood Khan; Silvia Liberata Ullo (IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote. Sens., 2025)

Transformer-Driven Active Transfer Learning for Cross-Hyperspectral Image Classification. - Muhammad Ahmad; Francesco Mauro; Rana Aamir Raza; Manuel Mazzara; Salvatore Distefano; Adil Mehmood Khan; Silvia Liberata Ullo (IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote. Sens., 2025)

A Deep Learning Architecture for Land Cover Mapping Using Spatio-Temporal Sentinel-1 Features. - Luigi Russo 002; Antonietta Sorriso; Silvia Liberata Ullo; Paolo Gamba (IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote. Sens., 2025)

TLSTMF-YOLO: Transfer Learning and Feature Fusion Network for Earthquake-Induced Landslide Detection in Remote Sensing Images. - Shaoqiang Meng; Zhenming Shi; Saied Pirasteh; Silvia Liberata Ullo; Ming Peng; Changshi Zhou; Wesley Nunes Gonçalves; Limin Zhang (IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens., 2025)

Quanv4EO: Empowering Earth Observation by Means of Quanvolutional Neural Networks. - Alessandro Sebastianelli; Francesco Mauro; Giulia Ciabatti; Dario Spiller; Bertrand Le Saux; Paolo Gamba; Silvia Liberata Ullo (IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens., 2025)

A Deep Learning framework for building damage assessment using VHR SAR and geospatial data: demonstration on the 2023 Turkiye Earthquake. - Luigi Russo 002; Deodato Tapete; Silvia Liberata Ullo; Paolo Gamba (CoRR, 2025)

An Object-Based Deep Learning Approach for Building Height Estimation from Single SAR Images. - Babak Memar; Luigi Russo 002; Silvia Liberata Ullo; Paolo Gamba (CoRR, 2025)

An Efficient Machine Learning Framework for Forest Height Estimation from Multi-Polarimetric Multi-Baseline SAR data. - Francesca Razzano; Wenyu Yang; Sergio Vitale; Giampaolo Ferraioli; Silvia Liberata Ullo; Gilda Schirinzi (CoRR, 2025)