Programming with idioms in APL. - Alan J. Perlis; Spencer Rugaber (APL, 1979)

Requirements for a hypertext software maintenance system. - Spencer Rugaber (COMPCON, 1989)

Recognizing Design Decisions in Programs. - Spencer Rugaber; Stephen B. Ornburn; Richard J. LeBlanc (IEEE Softw., 1990)

Fault localization using execution traces. - Margaret Ann Francel; Spencer Rugaber (ACM Southeast Regional Conference, 1992)

A quick tools strategy for program analysis and software maintenance. - Bret Johnson; Steve Ornburn; Spencer Rugaber (ICSM, 1992)

Reverse engineering: resolving conflicts between expected and actual software designs. - Stephen B. Ornburn; Spencer Rugaber (ICSM, 1992)

The Transition of Application Programs From COBOL to a Fourth Generation Language. - Spencer Rugaber; Srinivas Doddapaneni (ICSM, 1993)

Domain Analysis and Reverse Engineering. - Jean-Marc DeBaud; Bijith Moopen; Spencer Rugaber (ICSM, 1994)

Knowledge-Based User Interface Migration. - Melody M. Moore; Spencer Rugaber; Phil Seaver (ICSM, 1994)

A software re-engineering method using domain models. - Jean-Marc DeBaud; Spencer Rugaber (ICSM, 1995)

Detecting interleaving. - Spencer Rugaber; Kurt Stirewalt; Linda M. Wills (ICSM, 1995)

The Interleaving Problem in Program Understanding. - Spencer Rugaber; Kurt Stirewalt; Linda M. Wills (WCRE, 1995)

Creating a Research Infrastructure for Reengineering. - Spencer Rugaber; Linda M. Wills (WCRE, 1996)

Understanding Interleaved Code. - Spencer Rugaber; Kurt Stirewalt; Linda M. Wills (Autom. Softw. Eng., 1996)

Requirements Validation via Automated Natural Language Parsing. - Sastry Nanduri; Spencer Rugaber (J. Manag. Inf. Syst., 1996)

MORALE. Mission ORiented Architectural Legacy Evolution. - Gregory D. Abowd; Ashok K. Goel 001; Dean F. Jerding; W. Michael McCracken; Melody M. Moore; J. William Murdock; Colin Potts; Spencer Rugaber; Linda M. Wills (ICSM, 1997)

A Case Study of Domain-based Program Understanding. - Richard Clayton 002; Spencer Rugaber; Lyman Taylor; Linda M. Wills (WPC, 1997)

Using Knowledge Representation to Understand Interactive Systems. - Melody M. Moore; Spencer Rugaber (WPC, 1997)

Position Paper on Research Infrastructure for Reengineering. - Spencer Rugaber; Linda M. Wills (WPC, 1997)

Domain Analysis for Transformational Reuse. - Melody M. Moore; Spencer Rugaber (WCRE, 1997)

Dowsing: A Tool Framework for Domain-Oriented Browsing of Software Artifacts. - Richard Clayton 002; Spencer Rugaber; Linda M. Wills (ASE, 1998)

Automating UI Generation by Model Composition. - Kurt Stirewalt; Spencer Rugaber (ASE, 1998)

On the Knowledge Required to Understand a Program. - Richard Clayton 002; Spencer Rugaber; Linda M. Wills (WCRE, 1998)

Restoring a Legacy: Lessons Learned. - Spencer Rugaber; Jim White (IEEE Softw., 1998)

A Tool Suite for Evolving Legacy Software. - Spencer Rugaber (ICSM, 1999)

The Relationship of Slicing and Debugging to Program Understanding. - Margaret Ann Francel; Spencer Rugaber (IWPC, 1999)

Architectural Element Matching Using Concept Analysis. - Robert Waters; Spencer Rugaber; Gregory D. Abowd (ASE, 1999)

The use of domain knowledge in program understanding. - Spencer Rugaber (Ann. Softw. Eng., 2000)

The Model-Composition Problem in User-Interface Generation. - Kurt Stirewalt; Spencer Rugaber (Autom. Softw. Eng., 2000)

Using visualization for architectural localization and extraction. - Dean F. Jerding; Spencer Rugaber (Sci. Comput. Program., 2000)

Esprit de Corps Suite. - Spencer Rugaber (ACM SIGSOFT Softw. Eng. Notes, 2000)

Software evolution and interleaving. - Spencer Rugaber; Linda M. Wills (ACM SIGSOFT Softw. Eng. Notes, 2000)

Adequate Reverse Engineering. - Spencer Rugaber; Terry Shikano; Kurt Stirewalt (ASE, 2001)

The value of slicing while debugging. - Margaret Ann Francel; Spencer Rugaber (Sci. Comput. Program., 2001)

Extending CRC cards into a complete design process. - Kathleen Arnold Gray; Mark Guzdial; Spencer Rugaber (ITiCSE, 2003)

Model-Driven Reverse Engineering. - Spencer Rugaber; Kurt Stirewalt (IEEE Softw., 2004)

Automated Invariant Maintenance Via OCL Compilation. - Kurt Stirewalt; Spencer Rugaber (MoDELS, 2005)

Cataloging design abstractions. - Spencer Rugaber (ROA@ICSE, 2006)

Enriching revision history with interactions. - Chris Parnin; Carsten Görg; Spencer Rugaber (MSR, 2006)

Problems Modeling Web Sites and User Behavior. - Spencer Rugaber; Nissim Harel; Srihari Govindharaj; Dean F. Jerding (WSE, 2006)

Reducing Ambiguities in Requirements Specifications Via Automatically Created Object-Oriented Models. - Daniel Popescu 001; Spencer Rugaber; Nenad Medvidovic; Daniel M. Berry (Monterey Workshop, 2007)

Earth system curator: metadata infrastructure for climate modeling. - Rocky Dunlap; Leo Mark; Spencer Rugaber; Venkatramani Balaji; Julien Chastang; Luca Cinquini; Cecelia DeLuca; Don Middleton; Sylvia Murphy (Earth Sci. Informatics, 2008)

From Conceptual Models to Agent-based Simulations: Why and How. - Swaroop Vattam; Ashok K. Goel 001; Spencer Rugaber; Cindy E. Hmelo-Silver; Rebecca Jordan (AIED, 2009)

Adapting Game-Playing Agents to Game Requirements. - Joshua Jones; Chris Parnin; Avik Sinharoy; Spencer Rugaber; Ashok K. Goel 001 (AIIDE, 2009)

Experience report: Using tools and domain expertise to remediate architectural violations in the LogicBlox software base. - R. E. Kurt Stirewalt; Spencer Rugaber; Hwa-You Hsu; David Zook (ICSE Companion, 2009)

TaskBoard: Tracking pertinent task artifacts and plans. - Chris Parnin; Carsten Görg; Spencer Rugaber (ICPC, 2009)

Teleological Software Adaptation. - Joshua Jones; Chris Parnin; Avik Sinharoy; Spencer Rugaber; Ashok K. Goel 001 (SASO, 2009)

Structure, behavior, and function of complex systems: The structure, behavior, and function modeling language. - Ashok K. Goel 001; Spencer Rugaber; Swaroop Vattam (Artif. Intell. Eng. Des. Anal. Manuf., 2009)

Appropriating conceptual representations: a case of transfer in a middle school science teacher. - Suparna Sinha; Steven Gray 001; Cindy E. Hmelo-Silver; Rebecca Jordan; Sameer Honwad; Catherine Eberbach; Spencer Rugaber; Swaroop Vattam; Ashok K. Goel 001 (ICLS (1), 2010)

CodePad: interactive spaces for maintaining concentration in programming environments. - Chris Parnin; Carsten Görg; Spencer Rugaber (SOFTVIS, 2010)

Design Patterns and Cross-Domain Analogies in Biologically Inspired Sustainable Design. - Ashok K. Goel 001; Bert Bras; Michael E. Helms; Spencer Rugaber; Craig A. Tovey; Swaroop Vattam; Marc J. Weissburg; Bryan Wiltgen; Jeannette Yen (AAAI Spring Symposium: Artificial Intelligence and Sustainable Design, 2011)

Learning about Ecosystems in a Computer Supported Collaborative Learning Environment. - Sameer Honwad; Cindy E. Hmelo-Silver; Rebecca Jordan; Suparna Sinha; Catherine Eberbach; Ashok K. Goel 001; Spencer Rugaber (CSCL, 2011)

Evolution of an Integrated Technology for Supporting Learning about Complex Systems. - David A. Joyner; Ashok K. Goel 001; Spencer Rugaber; Cindy E. Hmelo-Silver; Rebecca Jordan (ICALT, 2011)

Behavior Patterns: Bridging Conceptual Models and Agent-Based Simulations in Interactive Learning Environments. - Swaroop Vattam; Ashok K. Goel 001; Spencer Rugaber (ICALT, 2011)

Understanding Complex Natural Systems by Articulating Structure-Behavior-Function Models. - Swaroop Vattam; Ashok K. Goel 001; Spencer Rugaber; Cindy E. Hmelo-Silver; Rebecca Jordan; Steven Gray 001; Suparna Sinha (J. Educ. Technol. Soc., 2011)

Managing Software Complexity and Variability in Coupled Climate Models. - Spencer Rugaber; Rocky Dunlap; Leo Mark; Sameer Ansari (IEEE Softw., 2011)

Resumption strategies for interrupted programming tasks. - Chris Parnin; Spencer Rugaber (Softw. Qual. J., 2011)

Programmer information needs after memory failure. - Chris Parnin; Spencer Rugaber (ICPC, 2012)

Live logic programming. - Spencer Rugaber; Zef Hemel; Kurt Stirewalt (LIVE@ICSE, 2013)

A feature model of coupling technologies for Earth System Models. - Rocky Dunlap; Spencer Rugaber; Leo Mark (Comput. Geosci., 2013)

GAIA: A CAD Environment for Model-Based Adaptation of Game-Playing Software Agents. - Spencer Rugaber; Ashok K. Goel 001; Lee Martie (CSER, 2013)

Intelligent Search for Biologically Inspired Design. - Evangelia Spiliopoulou; Spencer Rugaber; Ashok K. Goel 001; Lianghao Chen; Bryan Wiltgen; Arvind Krishnaa Jagannathan (IUI Companion, 2015)

Knowledge Extraction and Annotation for Cross-Domain Textual Case-Based Reasoning in Biologically Inspired Design. - Spencer Rugaber; Shruti Bhati; Vedanuj Goswami; Evangelia Spiliopoulou; Sasha Azad; Sridevi Koushik; Rishikesh Kulkarni; Mithun Kumble; Sriya Sarathy; Ashok K. Goel 001 (ICCBR, 2016)

GAIA: A CAD-Like Environment for Designing Game-Playing Agents. - Ashok K. Goel 001; Spencer Rugaber (IEEE Intell. Syst., 2017)

VERA: Popularizing Science Through AI. - Sungeun An; Robert Bates; Jennifer Hammock; Spencer Rugaber; Ashok K. Goel 001 (AIED (2), 2018)

Learning by doing: Supporting experimentation in inquiry-based modeling. - Sungeun An; Robert Bates; Jennifer Hammock; Spencer Rugaber; Emily Weigel; Ashok K. Goel 001 (CogSci, 2019)

Scientific Modeling Using Large Scale Knowledge. - Sungeun An; Robert Bates; Jen Hammock; Spencer Rugaber; Emily Weigel; Ashok K. Goel 001 (AIED (2), 2020)

Using VERA to explain the impact of social distancing on the spread of COVID-19. - William Broniec; Sungeun An; Spencer Rugaber; Ashok K. Goel 001 (CoRR, 2020)

Towards a Virtual Librarian for Biologically Inspired Design Knowledge-Based Methods for Document Understanding. - Ruth Petit-Bois; Jeffrey Jacob; Spencer Rugaber; Ashok K. Goel 001 (SDU@AAAI, 2021)

Guiding Parameter Estimation of Agent-Based Modeling Through Knowledge-Based Function Approximation. - William Broniec; Sungeun An; Spencer Rugaber; Ashok K. Goel 001 (AAAI Spring Symposium: Combining Machine Learning with Knowledge Engineering, 2021)

Cognitive Strategies for Parameter Estimation in Model Exploration. - Sungeun An; Spencer Rugaber; Emily Weigel; Ashok K. Goel 001 (CogSci, 2021)

Recognizing Novice Learner's Modeling Behaviors. - Sungeun An; William Broniec; Spencer Rugaber; Emily Weigel; Jennifer Hammock; Ashok K. Goel 001 (ITS, 2021)

Explanation as Question Answering based on Design Knowledge. - Ashok K. Goel 001; Vrinda Nandan; Eric Gregori; Sungeun An; Spencer Rugaber (CoRR, 2021)

Understanding Self-Directed Learning with Sequential Pattern Mining. - Sungeun An; Spencer Rugaber; Jennifer Hammock; Ashok K. Goel 001 (AIED (2), 2022)

Incorporating Habitats in Conceptual Models and Agent-Based Simulations: Expanding the Virtual Ecological Research Assistant (VERA). - Scott Bunin; Willventchy Celestin; Andrew Hornback; Spencer Rugaber (L@S, 2022)

Intelligent Links: AI-Supported Connections between Employers and Colleges. - Robby Robson; Elaine Kelsey; Ashok K. Goel 001; Sazzad M. Nasir; Elliot Robson; Myk Garn; Matt Lisle; Jeanne Kitchens; Spencer Rugaber; Fritz Ray (AI Mag., 2022)

Understanding Self-Directed Learning in an Online Laboratory. - Sungeun An; Spencer Rugaber; Jennifer Hammock; Ashok K. Goel 001 (CoRR, 2022)

Explanation as Question Answering based on a Task Model of the Agent's Design. - Ashok K. Goel 001; Harshvardhan Sikka; Vrinda Nandan; Jeonghyun Lee; Matt Lisle; Spencer Rugaber (CoRR, 2022)

Cognitive Assistance for Inquiry-Based Modeling. - Sungeun An; Robert Bates; Spencer Rugaber; Jennifer Hammock; Emily Weigel; Ashok K. Goel 001 (CoRR, 2022)

Contextualizing Large-Scale Domain Knowledge for Conceptual Modeling and Simulation. - Sungeun An; Spencer Rugaber; Jennifer Hammock; Ashok K. Goel 001 (CoRR, 2022)

Designing a Communication Bridge between Communities: Participatory Design for a Question-Answering AI Agent. - Jeonghyun Lee; Vrinda Nandan; Harshvardhan Sikka; Spencer Rugaber; Ashok Goal (CoRR, 2023)

A4L: An Architecture for AI-Augmented Learning. - Ashok K. Goel 001; Ploy Thajchayapong; Vrinda Nandan; Harshvardhan Sikka; Spencer Rugaber (CoRR, 2025)