An Overview of the Production-Quality Compiler-Compiler Project. - Bruce W. Leverett; R. G. G. Cattell; Steven O. Hobbs; Joseph M. Newcomer; Andrew Henry Reiner; Bruce R. Schatz; William A. Wulf (Computer, 1980)

The GEM Optimizing Compiler System. - David S. Blickstein; Peter W. Craig; Caroline S. Davidson; R. Neil Faiman Jr.; Kent D. Glossop; Richard B. Grove; Steven O. Hobbs; William B. Noyce (Digit. Tech. J., 1992)