Speaker-independent, text-independent language identification by HMM. - Seiichi Nakagawa; Yoshio Ueda; Takashi Seino (ICSLP, 1992)

Spoken language identification using ergodic HMM with emphasized state transition. - Takashi Seino; Seiichi Nakagawa (EUROSPEECH, 1993)

Three language identification methods based on HMMs. - Allan A. Reyes; Takashi Seino; Seiichi Nakagawa (ICSLP, 1994)