Design for diagnosability of multistation manufacturing systems based on sensor allocation optimization. - Jiwen Sun; Lifeng Xi; Ershun Pan; Shichang Du; Tangbin Xia (Comput. Ind., 2009)

Modeling and optimizing maintenance schedule for energy systems subject to degradation. - Tangbin Xia; Lifeng Xi; Xiaojun Zhou; Shichang Du (Comput. Ind. Eng., 2012)

Dynamic maintenance decision-making for series-parallel manufacturing system based on MAM-MTW methodology. - Tangbin Xia; Lifeng Xi; Xiaojun Zhou; Jay Lee (Eur. J. Oper. Res., 2012)

Production-driven opportunistic maintenance for batch production based on MAM-APB scheduling. - Tangbin Xia; Xiaoning Jin; Lifeng Xi; Jun Ni 002 (Eur. J. Oper. Res., 2015)

Operating load based real-time rolling grey forecasting for machine health prognosis in dynamic maintenance schedule. - Tangbin Xia; Xiaoning Jin; Lifeng Xi; Yuejun Zhang; Jun Ni 002 (J. Intell. Manuf., 2015)

Solving the integrated cell formation and worker assignment problem using particle swarm optimization and linear programming. - Hanxin Feng; Da Wen; Lifeng Xi; Ershun Pan; Tangbin Xia (Comput. Ind. Eng., 2017)

Optimal multi-level classification and preventive maintenance policy for highly reliable products. - Zhen Chen 017; Tangbin Xia; Ershun Pan (Int. J. Prod. Res., 2017)

Reconfiguration-oriented opportunistic maintenance policy for reconfigurable manufacturing systems. - Tangbin Xia; Lifeng Xi; Ershun Pan; Jun Ni 002 (Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf., 2017)

Operation Process Rebuilding (OPR)-Oriented Maintenance Policy for Changeable System Structures. - Tangbin Xia; Xin-Yang Tao; Lifeng Xi (IEEE Trans Autom. Sci. Eng., 2017)

Improved Lease-oriented opportunistic Maintenance for Two-machine One-buffer System under Product-service Paradigm. - Wenyu Guo; Tangbin Xia; Guojin Si; Bowen Sun; Ershun Pan (IEEM, 2018)

A Novel Two-stage Method of Selection of Sample Points for Surface Quality Estimation of Multi-hole Workpiece. - Delin Huang; Shichang Du; Guilong Li; Tangbin Xia (IEEM, 2018)

Lease-oriented opportunistic Maintenance for Series-parallel Systems by Integrating Capacity Balancing. - Bowen Sun; Tangbin Xia; Ya Song; Wenyu Guo; Lifeng Xi (IEEM, 2018)

Concurrent cell formation and layout design based on hybrid approaches. - Hanxin Feng; Lifeng Xi; Tangbin Xia; Ershun Pan (Appl. Soft Comput., 2018)

Degradation modeling and classification of mixed populations using segmental continuous hidden Markov models. - Zhen Chen 017; Tangbin Xia; Yaping Li; Ershun Pan (Qual. Reliab. Eng. Int., 2018)

Imperfect preventive maintenance optimization for flexible flowshop manufacturing cells considering sequence-dependent group scheduling. - Hanxin Feng; Lifeng Xi; Lei Xiao; Tangbin Xia; Ershun Pan (Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf., 2018)

Recent advances in prognostics and health management for advanced manufacturing paradigms. - Tangbin Xia; Yifan Dong; Lei Xiao; Shichang Du; Ershun Pan; Lifeng Xi (Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf., 2018)

Ordering Problem with Known Capacity in Smart Factory. - Cunwu Sun; Meimei Zheng; Shichang Du; Kan Wu 001; Hao Zhou; Tangbin Xia; Jie Lin (ICPS, 2019)

Prognostic and health management for adaptive manufacturing systems with online sensors and flexible structures. - Yifan Dong; Tangbin Xia; Xiaolei Fang; Zhenguo Zhang; Lifeng Xi (Comput. Ind. Eng., 2019)

Concurrent design of cell formation and scheduling with consideration of duplicate machines and alternative process routings. - Hanxin Feng; Tangbin Xia; Da Wen; Lifeng Xi; Ershun Pan (J. Intell. Manuf., 2019)

Manufacturing paradigm-oriented PHM methodologies for cyber-physical systems. - Tangbin Xia; Lifeng Xi (J. Intell. Manuf., 2019)

Hidden Markov model with auto-correlated observations for remaining useful life prediction and optimal maintenance policy. - Zhen Chen 017; Yaping Li; Tangbin Xia; Ershun Pan (Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf., 2019)

Triple-level opportunistic maintenance policy for leasehold service network of multi-location production lines. - Guojin Si; Tangbin Xia; Ying Zhu; Shichang Du; Lifeng Xi (Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf., 2019)

An ensemble framework based on convolutional bi-directional LSTM with multiple time windows for remaining useful life estimation. - Tangbin Xia; Ya Song; Yu Zheng 012; Ershun Pan; Lifeng Xi (Comput. Ind., 2020)

Long-term predictive opportunistic replacement optimisation for a small multi-component system using partial condition monitoring data to date. - Lei Xiao; Tangbin Xia; Ershun Pan; Xinghui Zhang (Int. J. Prod. Res., 2020)

Optimal degradation-based burn-in policy using Tweedie exponential-dispersion process model with measurement errors. - Zhen Chen 017; Ershun Pan; Tangbin Xia; Yanting Li (Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf., 2020)

Tweedie Exponential Dispersion Processes for Degradation Modeling, Prognostic, and Accelerated Degradation Test Planning. - Zhen Chen 017; Tangbin Xia; Yanting Li; Ershun Pan (IEEE Trans. Reliab., 2020)

Reliability evaluation for multi-state manufacturing systems with quality-reliability dependency. - Zhaoxiang Chen; Zhen Chen 017; Di Zhou; Tangbin Xia; Ershun Pan (Comput. Ind. Eng., 2021)

A DEA integrated grey factor analysis approach for efficiency evaluation and ranking in uncertain systems. - Mengdie Huang; Tangbin Xia; Zhen Chen 017; Ershun Pan; Lifeng Xi (Comput. Ind. Eng., 2021)

Production and pricing decisions for new and remanufactured products with customer prejudice and accurate response. - Meimei Zheng; Xiaoqian Shi; Tangbin Xia; Wei Qin; Ershun Pan (Comput. Ind. Eng., 2021)

Multi-stage fault diagnosis framework for rolling bearing based on OHF Elman AdaBoost-Bagging algorithm. - Tangbin Xia; Pengcheng Zhuo; Lei Xiao; Shichang Du; Dong Wang 001; Lifeng Xi (Neurocomputing, 2021)

State space modelling of variation propagation in multistage machining processes for variable stiffness structure workpieces. - Kun Wang; Guilong Li; Shichang Du; Lifeng Xi; Tangbin Xia (Int. J. Prod. Res., 2021)

Two-phase degradation data analysis with change-point detection based on Gaussian process degradation model. - Zhen Chen 017; Yaping Li; Di Zhou; Tangbin Xia; Ershun Pan (Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf., 2021)

Opportunistic maintenance policy integrating leasing profit and capacity balancing for serial-parallel leased systems. - Tangbin Xia; Bowen Sun; Zhen Chen 017; Ershun Pan; Hao Wang 015; Lifeng Xi (Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf., 2021)

A Health Index Construction Framework for Prognostics Based on Feature Fusion and Constrained Optimization. - Zhen Chen 017; Tangbin Xia; Di Zhou; Ershun Pan (IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 2021)

Dual-Ensemble Multi-Feedback Neural Network for Gearbox Fault Diagnosis. - Tangbin Xia; Yimin Jiang; Pengcheng Zhuo; Lifeng Xi; Dong Wang 001 (IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 2021)

Definition of Signal-to-Noise Ratio of Health Indicators and Its Analytic Optimization for Machine Performance Degradation Assessment. - Tongtong Yan; Dong Wang 001; Jin-Zhen Kong; Tangbin Xia; Zhike Peng; Lifeng Xi (IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 2021)

Joint optimization of price, warranty and service investment for capital-intensive equipment considering maintenance capacity limits. - Ying Zhu; Tangbin Xia; Zhen Chen 017; Meimei Zheng; Ershun Pan; Lifeng Xi (Comput. Ind. Eng., 2022)

Joint adaptive transfer learning network for cross-domain fault diagnosis based on multi-layer feature fusion. - Yimin Jiang; Tangbin Xia; Dong Wang 001; Kaigan Zhang; Lifeng Xi (Neurocomputing, 2022)

A reliability-and-cost-based framework to optimize maintenance planning and diverse-skilled technician routing for geographically distributed systems. - Guojin Si; Tangbin Xia; Nagi Gebraeel; Dong Wang 001; Ershun Pan; Lifeng Xi (Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf., 2022)

Optimal maintenance service strategy for OEM entering competitive MRO market under opposite patterns. - Ying Zhu; Tangbin Xia; Zhen Chen 017; Ershun Pan; Lifeng Xi (Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf., 2022)

Collaborative maintenance service and component sales under coopetition patterns for OEMs challenged by booming used-component sales. - Ying Zhu; Tangbin Xia; Ge Hong; Zhen Chen 017; Ershun Pan; Lifeng Xi (Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf., 2022)

Technician Collaboration and Routing Optimization in Global Maintenance Scheduling for Multi-Center Service Networks. - Guojin Si; Tangbin Xia; Kaigan Zhang; Dong Wang 001; Ershun Pan; Lifeng Xi (IEEE Trans Autom. Sci. Eng., 2022)

A Generic Framework for Degradation Modeling Based on Fusion of Spectrum Amplitudes. - Tongtong Yan; Dong Wang 001; Tangbin Xia; Lifeng Xi (IEEE Trans Autom. Sci. Eng., 2022)

Adversarial Regressive Domain Adaptation Approach for Infrared Thermography-Based Unsupervised Remaining Useful Life Prediction. - Yimin Jiang; Tangbin Xia; Dong Wang 001; Xiaolei Fang; Lifeng Xi (IEEE Trans. Ind. Informatics, 2022)

Random-Effect Models for Degradation Analysis Based on Nonlinear Tweedie Exponential-Dispersion Processes. - Zhen Chen 017; Tangbin Xia; Yaping Li; Ershun Pan (IEEE Trans. Reliab., 2022)

Progressive Opportunistic Maintenance Policies for Service-Outsourcing Network With Prognostic Updating and Dynamical Optimization. - Tangbin Xia; Guojin Si; Dong Wang 001; Ershun Pan; Lifeng Xi (IEEE Trans. Reliab., 2022)

A Multiscale Sparse Ensemble Network for Machine Prognostics Based on Infrared Image Streams. - Yimin Jiang; Yuhui Xu; Yutong Ding; Meimei Zheng; Dong Wang 001; Tangbin Xia; Lifeng Xi (CASE, 2023)

A Dynamic Learning Network for Steel Surface Inspection Based on Structural Re-parameterization. - Shuo Gao; Ge Hong; Xueqi Xing; Dongyang Han; Rourou Li; Joachim Seidelmann; Tangbin Xia (CSAE, 2023)

Improved Dynamic Spare Parts Inventory Control Considering Turnover Rate and Two Types of Lead Time. - Yuan Li; Lingzi Li; Tangbin Xia; Wei Weng 003; Meimei Zheng (IEEM, 2023)

An Adjustable Functional Regression Model for Real-time Degradation Prognostic Under Incomplete Data Scenarios. - Kaigan Zhang; Lei Cao; Xueqi Xing; Tangbin Xia; Zhen Chen 017; Ershun Pan; Lifeng Xi (IEEM, 2023)

A CM&CP framework with a GIACC method and an ensemble model for remaining useful life prediction. - Yaping Li; Tengfei Han; Tangbin Xia; Zhen Chen 017; Ershun Pan (Comput. Ind., 2023)

Federated Multilinear Principal Component Analysis with Applications in Prognostics. - Chengyu Zhou; Yuqi Su; Tangbin Xia; Xiaolei Fang (CoRR, 2023)

Multiple degradation-driven preventive maintenance policy for serial-parallel multi-station manufacturing systems. - Yaping Li; Tangbin Xia; Zhen Chen 017; Ershun Pan (Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf., 2023)

New Shapeness Property and Its Convex Optimization Model for Interpretable Machine Degradation Modeling. - Tongtong Yan; Dong Wang 001; Tangbin Xia; Ershun Pan; Zhike Peng; Lifeng Xi (IEEE Trans. Reliab., 2023)

Sparse and Flexible Convex-Hull Representation for Machine Degradation Modeling. - Tongtong Yan; Yuting Wang; Tangbin Xia; Bingchang Hou; Lifeng Xi; Dong Wang 001 (IEEE Trans. Reliab., 2023)

Adaptive transfer learning for multimode process monitoring and unsupervised anomaly detection in steam turbines. - Zhen Chen 017; Di Zhou; Enrico Zio; Tangbin Xia; Ershun Pan (Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf., 2023)

Joint condition-based maintenance and spare provisioning policy for a K-out-of-N system with failures during inspection intervals. - Meimei Zheng; Jie Lin; Tangbin Xia; Yu Liu; Ershun Pan (Eur. J. Oper. Res., 2023)

A Deep Learning Feature Fusion Based Health Index Construction Method for Prognostics Using Multiobjective Optimization. - Zhen Chen 017; Di Zhou; Enrico Zio; Tangbin Xia; Ershun Pan (IEEE Trans. Reliab., 2023)

Digital twin monitoring and simulation integrated platform for reconfigurable manufacturing systems. - Bohan Leng; Shuo Gao; Tangbin Xia; Ershun Pan; Joachim Seidelmann; Hao Wang 015; Lifeng Xi (Adv. Eng. Informatics, 2023)

Sparse Hierarchical Parallel Residual Networks Ensemble for Infrared Image Stream-Based Remaining Useful Life Prediction. - Yimin Jiang; Tangbin Xia; Xiaolei Fang; Dong Wang 001; Ershun Pan; Lifeng Xi (IEEE Trans. Ind. Informatics, 2023)

Fixture Layout Optimization for the Curved Shell Plate in the Shipbuilding Industry. - Ge Hong; Shuo Gao; Guojin Si; Tangbin Xia; Ershun Pan; Lifeng Xi (CASE, 2024)

Hybrid physics-embedded recurrent neural networks for fault diagnosis under time-varying conditions based on multivariate proprioceptive signals. - Rourou Li; Tangbin Xia; Feng Luo; Yimin Jiang; Zhen Chen 017; Lifeng Xi (Adv. Eng. Informatics, 2024)

Remaining useful life estimation based on selective ensemble of deep neural networks with diversity. - Tangbin Xia; Dongyang Han; Yimin Jiang; Yiping Shao; Dong Wang 001; Ershun Pan; Lifeng Xi (Adv. Eng. Informatics, 2024)

Interpretable temporal degradation state chain based fusion graph for intelligent bearing fault detection. - Tangbin Xia; Xueqi Xing; Tongtong Yan; Dong Wang 001; Ershun Pan; Lifeng Xi (Adv. Eng. Informatics, 2024)

A hybrid prognostic & health management framework across multi-level engineering systems with scalable convolution neural networks and adjustable functional regression models. - Kaigan Zhang; Tangbin Xia; Yuhui Xu; Yutong Ding; Yong Zhao; Nagi Gebraeel; Lifeng Xi (Adv. Eng. Informatics, 2024)

Relation between fault characteristic frequencies and local interpretability shapley additive explanations for continuous machine health monitoring. - Tongtong Yan; Xueqi Xing; Tangbin Xia; Dong Wang 001 (Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell., 2024)

A sensor-driven operations and maintenance planning approach for large-scale leased manufacturing systems. - Sakir Karakaya; Murat Yildirim; Nagi Gebraeel; Tangbin Xia (Int. J. Prod. Res., 2024)

A hybrid battery degradation model combining arrhenius equation and neural network for capacity prediction under time-varying operating conditions. - Zhen Chen 017; Zirong Wang; Wei Wu; Tangbin Xia; Ershun Pan (Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf., 2024)

Quality-centered production and maintenance scheduling for multi-machine manufacturing systems under variable operating conditions. - Yu Wang 187; Tangbin Xia; Yuhui Xu; Guojin Si; Dong Wang 001; Ershun Pan; Lifeng Xi (Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf., 2024)

A temporal partial domain adaptation network for transferable prognostics across working conditions with insufficient data. - Yuhui Xu; Tangbin Xia; Yimin Jiang; Yu Wang 187; Dong Wang 001; Ershun Pan; Lifeng Xi (Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf., 2024)

Adaptive staged remaining useful life prediction of roller in a hot strip mill based on multi-scale LSTM with multi-head attention. - Ting Zhu; Zhen Chen 017; Di Zhou; Tangbin Xia; Ershun Pan (Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf., 2024)

Sourcing Decisions With Time-Varying Emergency Order Costs and Production Disruption During Environmental Enforcement Campaigns. - Meimei Zheng; Shuangshuang Dong; Qingwei Wang; Tangbin Xia; Ershun Pan (IEEE Trans. Engineering Management, 2024)

Degradation Modeling Considering the Dependency of Rate and Volatility for Real-Time Prognostics With Error Correction. - Zirong Wang; Zhen Chen 017; Tangbin Xia; Ershun Pan (IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 2024)

A Spatiotemporal Dynamic Wavelet Network for Infrared Thermography-Based Machine Prognostics. - Yimin Jiang; Tangbin Xia; Dong Wang 001; Yuhui Xu; Rourou Li; Ershun Pan; Lifeng Xi (IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Syst., 2024)

Dynamic time scales ensemble framework for similarity-based remaining useful life prediction under multiple failure modes. - Yuhui Xu; Tangbin Xia; Dong Wang 001; Zhen Chen 017; Ershun Pan; Lifeng Xi (Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell., 2024)

Multi-level maintenance and inventory joint optimization for a k-out-of-n hyper-system considering the selection of suppliers with incentive discount policies. - Tangbin Xia; Lei Cao; Yuhui Xu; Kaigan Zhang; Zhen Chen 017; Ershun Pan; Lifeng Xi (Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf., 2024)

Novel Anchor Discrimination Learning for Physics-Informed Machine Degradation Modeling. - Tongtong Yan; Dong Wang 001; Tangbin Xia; Lifeng Xi (IEEE Trans. Reliab., 2024)

A Collaborative Scheduling Algorithm for Real-Time Production and Opportunistic Maintenance Under Cloud Manufacturing Paradigm. - Kaigan Zhang; Tangbin Xia; Guojin Si; Nagi Gebraeel; Dong Wang 001; Ershun Pan; Lifeng Xi (IEEE Trans. Reliab., 2024)

Online Piecewise Convex-Optimization Interpretable Weight Learning for Machine Life Cycle Performance Assessment. - Tongtong Yan; Dong Wang 001; Tangbin Xia; Ershun Pan; Zhike Peng; Lifeng Xi (IEEE Trans. Neural Networks Learn. Syst., 2024)

Optimal Maintenance Service Strategy of Service-Oriented Aviation Manufacturers for Two-Stage Leased System Under Capacity Limits. - Ying Zhu; Tangbin Xia; Yutong Ding; Ge Hong; Zhen Chen 017; Ershun Pan; Lifeng Xi (IEEE Trans. Reliab., 2024)

Intelligent Maintenance Framework for Reconfigurable Manufacturing With Deep-Learning-Based Prognostics. - Tangbin Xia; Yimin Jiang; Yutong Ding; Guojin Si; Dong Wang 001; Ershun Pan; Lifeng Xi (IEEE Internet Things J., 2024)

An Edge-Based Framework for Real-Time Prognosis and Opportunistic Maintenance in Leased Manufacturing System. - Kaigan Zhang; Tangbin Xia; Guojin Si; Ershun Pan; Lifeng Xi (IEEE Trans Autom. Sci. Eng., 2024)

A multi-stage active learning framework with an instance-based sample selection algorithm for steel surface defect. - Shuo Gao; Yimin Jiang; Tangbin Xia; Yaping Li; Ying Zhu; Lifeng Xi (Adv. Eng. Informatics, 2025)

Wavelet-embedded heterogeneous collaborative learning framework for label noise-tolerant fault diagnosis under varying operating conditions. - Yuhui Xu; Tangbin Xia; Yiyang Wang; Xinyang Chen; Meimei Zheng; Dong Wang 001; Lifeng Xi (Adv. Eng. Informatics, 2025)

Integrated after-sales maintenance service and spare parts provisioning strategy for service-oriented manufacturers under dynamic competition considering pattern selection. - Ying Zhu; Tangbin Xia; Ge Hong; Shuo Gao; Zhen Chen 017; Ershun Pan; Lifeng Xi (Comput. Ind. Eng., 2025)

Unsupervised motion-based anomaly detection with graph attention networks for industrial robots labeling. - Jinrui Han; Zhen Chen 017; Di Zhou; Bing Hu; Tangbin Xia; Ershun Pan (Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell., 2025)

A multi-stage stochastic programming for joint condition-based replacement and spare parts ordering towards complex manufacturing system with uncertain lead times. - Yutong Ding; Tangbin Xia; Yu Wang 187; Kaigan Zhang; Yaping Li; Zhen Chen 017; Lifeng Xi (Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf., 2025)

Integrated optimization for X-bar control chart, preventive maintenance and production rate. - Yaping Li; Zhen Chen 017; Tangbin Xia; Ershun Pan; Sifeng Liu (Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf., 2025)

Integrated maintenance service and spare parts supply strategy for service-oriented manufacturers with partially unknown information. - Ying Zhu; Tangbin Xia; Shuo Gao; Ge Hong; Ershun Pan; Lifeng Xi (Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf., 2025)

Deep reinforcement learning for joint optimization of maintenance and spare parts ordering considering spare parts supply uncertainty. - Yunxin Zhu; Meimei Zheng; Zhiyun Su; Tangbin Xia; Jie Lin; Ershun Pan (Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf., 2025)

Component-Targeting Opportunistic Maintenance Policy for Multi-Machine System Considering Hierarchical Structural Dependencies. - Yutong Ding; Tangbin Xia; Kaigan Zhang; Dong Wang 001; Meimei Zheng; Ershun Pan; Lifeng Xi (IEEE Trans Autom. Sci. Eng., 2025)

Fixturing Scheme Design in the Shipbuilding Industry: A Fixture Amount and Layout Optimization for Curved Compliant Parts. - Ge Hong; Tangbin Xia; Shuo Gao; Xiaofeng Hu; Ershun Pan; Lifeng Xi (IEEE Trans Autom. Sci. Eng., 2025)

Neural Representation-Based Wiener Process With Meta-Learning for Battery RUL Prediction Under Time-Varying Degradation Rate. - Zhen Chen 017; Zirong Wang; Wei Wu; Tangbin Xia; Ershun Pan (IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 2025)

Deep Complex Wavelet Denoising Network for Interpretable Fault Diagnosis of Industrial Robots With Noise Interference and Imbalanced Data. - Rourou Li; Tangbin Xia; Yimin Jiang; Jianhua Wu 005; Xiaolei Fang; Nagi Gebraeel; Lifeng Xi (IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 2025)

Digital twin-based real-time energy optimization method for production line considering fault disturbances. - Tangbin Xia; He Sun; Yutong Ding; Dongyang Han; Wei Qin; Joachim Seidelmann; Lifeng Xi (J. Intell. Manuf., 2025)

Consistency Evaluation for Lithium-Ion Battery Energy Storage Systems Based on Approximate Low-Rank Representation and Hypersphere Concentration. - Zhen Chen 017; Weijie Liu; Tangbin Xia; Ershun Pan (IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2025)

A hybrid metaheuristic for joint decision-making in remanufacturing-integrated operation and maintenance of complex manufacturing systems. - Yutong Ding; Tangbin Xia; Yujun Zhou; Yu Wang 187; Feng Luo; Ying Zhu; Lifeng Xi (Adv. Eng. Informatics, 2026)