Innovation is built on the obscure: innovation-enhancing software for uncovering the obscure. - Tony McCaffrey; Lee Spector (Creativity & Cognition, 2011)

How the Obscure Features Hypothesis Leads to Innovation Assistant Software. - Tony McCaffrey; Lee Spector (ICCC, 2011)

CAHOOTS: A Software Platform for Enhancing Innovation and Facilitating Situation Transfer. - Tony McCaffrey; Sundar Krishnamurty; Xuzhang Lin (Res. Pract. Technol. Enhanc. Learn., 2014)

An approach to human-machine collaboration in innovation. - Tony McCaffrey; Lee Spector (Artif. Intell. Eng. Des. Anal. Manuf., 2018)

Constructor algorithms for building unconventional computers able to solve NP-complete problems. - Tony McCaffrey; Thomas E. Gorochowski; Lee Spector (CoRR, 2023)