Casper the Friendly Finality Gadget. - Vitalik Buterin; Virgil Griffith (CoRR, 2017)

Fraud Proofs: Maximising Light Client Security and Scaling Blockchains with Dishonest Majorities. - Mustafa Al-Bassam; Alberto Sonnino; Vitalik Buterin (CoRR, 2018)

Incentives in Ethereum's Hybrid Casper Protocol. - Vitalik Buterin; Daniël Reijsbergen; Stefanos Leonardos; Georgios Piliouras (IEEE ICBC, 2019)

Interactive coin offerings. - Jason Teutsch; Vitalik Buterin; Christopher Brown (CoRR, 2019)

A Flexible Design for Funding Public Goods. - Vitalik Buterin; Zoë Hitzig; E. Glen Weyl (Manag. Sci., 2019)

Aggregatable Subvector Commitments for Stateless Cryptocurrencies. - Alin Tomescu; Ittai Abraham; Vitalik Buterin; Justin Drake; Dankrad Feist; Dmitry Khovratovich (SCN, 2020)

Combining GHOST and Casper. - Vitalik Buterin; Diego Hernandez; Thor Kamphefner; Khiem Pham; Zhi Qiao; Danny Ryan; Juhyeok Sin; Ying Wang; Yan X. Zhang (CoRR, 2020)

Fraud and Data Availability Proofs: Detecting Invalid Blocks in Light Clients. - Mustafa Al-Bassam; Alberto Sonnino; Vitalik Buterin; Ismail Khoffi (Financial Cryptography (2), 2021)

Caulk: Lookup Arguments in Sublinear Time. - Arantxa Zapico; Vitalik Buterin; Dmitry Khovratovich; Mary Maller; Anca Nitulescu; Mark Simkin 001 (CCS, 2022)

Confronting the Carbon-footprint Challenge of Blockchain. - Xiaoyang Shi; Hang Xiao; Weifeng Liu; Xi Chen; Klaus S. Lackner; Vitalik Buterin; Thomas F. Stocker (CoRR, 2022)

Complete Knowledge: Preventing Encumbrance of Cryptographic Secrets. - Mahimna Kelkar; Kushal Babel; Philip Daian; James Austgen; Vitalik Buterin; Ari Juels (CCS, 2024)

BaseSAP: Modular Stealth Address Protocol for Programmable Blockchains. - Anton Wahrstätter; Matthew Solomon; Ben DiFrancesco; Vitalik Buterin; Davor Svetinovic (IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur., 2024)