Automated dual CNN-based feature extraction with SMOTE for imbalanced diabetic retinopathy classification. - Danyal Badar Soomro; Wang Chengliang; Mahmood Ashraf; Dina Abdulaziz Alhammadi; Shtwai Alsubai; Carlo Maria Medaglia; Nisreen Innab; Muhammad Umer (Image Vis. Comput., 2025)