The use of graphics processors for circuit design simulation at GTE AE Labs. - Joe Dyer; Arijit Laha; Ernest J. Moran; William D. Smart (DAC, 1980)

A Framework for Reinforcement Learning on Real Robots. - William D. Smart; Leslie Pack Kaelbling (AAAI/IAAI, 1998)

Practical Reinforcement Learning in Continuous Spaces. - William D. Smart; Leslie Pack Kaelbling (ICML, 2000)

Reinforcement learning for robot control. - William D. Smart; Leslie Pack Kaelbling (Mobile Robots, 2001)

Localizing while Mapping: A Segment Approach. - Andrew J. Martignoni III; William D. Smart (AAAI/IAAI, 2002)

Learning Visual Feature Detectors for Obstacle Avoidance Using Genetic Programming. - Andrew J. Marek; William D. Smart; Martin C. Martin (GECCO Late Breaking Papers, 2002)

Effective Reinforcement Learning for Mobile Robots. - William D. Smart; Leslie Pack Kaelbling (ICRA, 2002)

Behavior construction and refinement from high-level specifications. - Andrew J. Martignoni III; William D. Smart (Mobile Robots, 2002)

A framework for robust mobile robot systems. - Nik A. Melchior; William D. Smart (Mobile Robots, 2002)

Lewis the robotic photographer. - Cindy M. Grimm; William D. Smart (SIGGRAPH Abstracts and Applications, 2002)

Making Reinforcement Learning Work on Real Robots. - William D. Smart (2002)

An autonomous robot photographer. - Zachary Byers; Michael Dixon; Kevin Goodier; Cindy M. Grimm; William D. Smart (IROS, 2003)

Lewis the Graduate Student: An Entry in the AAAI Robot Challenge. - William D. Smart; Michael Dixon; Nik A. Melchior; Joseph A. Tucek; Ashwin Srinivas (AAAI Mobile Robot Competition, 2003)

Applying Online Gradient Descent Search to Genetic Programming for Object Recognition. - William D. Smart; Mengjie Zhang 001 (ACSW, 2004)

Genetic Programming with Gradient Descent Search for Multiclass Object Classification. - Mengjie Zhang 001; William D. Smart (EuroGP, 2004)

Multiclass Object Classification Using Genetic Programming. - Mengjie Zhang 001; William D. Smart (EvoWorkshops, 2004)

Autonomic Systems for Mobile Robots. - Nik A. Melchior; William D. Smart (ICAC, 2004)

Interpolation-based Q-learning. - Csaba Szepesvári; William D. Smart (ICML, 2004)

The Remote Exploration Program: a Collaborative Outreach Approach to Robotics Education. - Jim Garner; William D. Smart; Keith Bennett; David J. Bruemmer; Douglas A. Few; Christine M. Roman (ICRA, 2004)

Explicit Manifold Representations for Value-Function Approximation in Reinforcement Learning. - William D. Smart (AI&M, 2004)

Probability Based Genetic Programming for Multiclass Object Classification. - William D. Smart; Mengjie Zhang 001 (PRICAI, 2004)

Say Cheese! Experiences with a Robot Photographer. - Zachary Byers; Michael Dixon; William D. Smart; Cindy Grimm (AI Mag., 2004)

2003 AAAI Robot Competition and Exhibition. - Bruce A. Maxwell; William D. Smart; Adam Jacoff; Jennifer Casper; Brian A. Weiss; Jean Scholtz; Holly A. Yanco; Mark Micire; Ashley W. Stroupe; Daniel P. Stormont; Tom Lauwers (AI Mag., 2004)

Using Genetic Programming for Multiclass Classification by Simultaneously Solving Component Binary Classification Problems. - William D. Smart; Mengjie Zhang 001 (EuroGP, 2005)

Learning Weights in Genetic Programs Using Gradient Descent for Object Recognition. - Mengjie Zhang 001; William D. Smart (EvoWorkshops, 2005)

Trends in Robot Software Domain Engineering. - Davide Brugali; Arvin Agah; Bruce A. MacDonald; Issa A. D. Nesnas; William D. Smart (PPSDR@ICRA, 2005)

Writing Code in the Field: Implications for Robot Software Development. - William D. Smart (PPSDR@ICRA, 2005)

Program Simplification in Genetic Programming for Object Classification. - Mengjie Zhang 001; Yun Zhang; William D. Smart (KES (3), 2005)

The 2004 Mobile Robot Competition and Exhibition. - William D. Smart; Sheila Tejada; Bruce A. Maxwell; Ashley W. Stroupe; Jennifer Casper; Adam Jacoff; Holly A. Yanco; Magdalena D. Bugajska (AI Mag., 2005)

Non-Speech Aural Communication for Robots. - Frederick Heckel; William D. Smart (AAAI Fall Symposium: Aurally Informed Performance, 2006)

A Video Game-Based Mobile Robot Simulation Environment. - Josh Faust; Cheryl Simon; William D. Smart (IROS, 2006)

Using Gaussian distribution to construct fitness functions in genetic programming for multiclass object classification. - Mengjie Zhang 001; William D. Smart (Pattern Recognit. Lett., 2006)

Empirical Analysis of GP Tree-Fragments. - William D. Smart; Peter Andreae; Mengjie Zhang 001 (EuroGP, 2007)

Faster and more accurate face detection on mobile robots using geometric constraints. - Michael Dixon; Frederick Heckel; Robert Pless; William D. Smart (IROS, 2007)

Bipedal walking on rough terrain using manifold control. - Tom Erez; William D. Smart (IROS, 2007)

Receding Horizon Differential Dynamic Programming. - Yuval Tassa; Tom Erez; William D. Smart (NIPS, 2007)

"What Does it Do?": HRI Studies with the General Public. - Douglas A. Few; Christine M. Roman; David J. Bruemmer; William D. Smart (RO-MAN, 2007)

Introduction to the special issue on the science behind embodied AI : The robots of the AAAI competition and exhibition. - Paul E. Rybski; William D. Smart (Auton. Robots, 2007)

Scheduling for Reliable Execution in Autonomic Systems. - Terry Tidwell; Robert Glaubius; Christopher D. Gill; William D. Smart (ATC, 2008)

Empirical analysis of schemata in Genetic Programming using maximal schemata and MSG. - William D. Smart; Mengjie Zhang 001 (IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 2008)

Computationally Efficient Path-Following using Adaptive Color Models. - Stuart Glaser; Eitan Marder-Eppstein; William D. Smart (IC-AI, 2008)

Scheduling Design and Verification for Open Soft Real-Time Systems. - Robert Glaubius; Terry Tidwell; William D. Smart; Christopher D. Gill (RTSS, 2008)

Coupling perception and action using minimax optimal control. - Tom Erez; William D. Smart (ADPRL, 2009)

Scheduling policy design for autonomic systems. - Robert Glaubius; Terry Tidwell; Christopher D. Gill; William D. Smart (Int. J. Auton. Adapt. Commun. Syst., 2009)

What Can Actors Teach Robots About Interaction? - David V. Lu; Annamaria Pileggi; Chris Wilson; William D. Smart (AAAI Spring Symposium: It's All in the Timing, 2010)

HRI 2010 workshop 1: what do collaborations with the arts have to say about HRI? - William D. Smart; Annamaria Pileggi; Leila Takayama (HRI, 2010)

Practical modeling and prediction of radio coverage of indoor sensor networks. - Octav Chipara; Gregory Hackmann; Chenyang Lu 001; William D. Smart; Gruia-Catalin Roman (IPSN, 2010)

Scalable Scheduling Policy Design for Open Soft Real-Time Systems. - Robert Glaubius; Terry Tidwell; Braden Sidoti; David Pilla; Justin Meden; Christopher D. Gill; William D. Smart (IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium, 2010)

Optimizing Expected Time Utility in Cyber-Physical Systems Schedulers. - Terry Tidwell; Robert Glaubius; Christopher D. Gill; William D. Smart (RTSS, 2010)

A Scalable Method for Solving High-Dimensional Continuous POMDPs Using Local Approximation. - Tom Erez; William D. Smart (UAI, 2010)

Real-Time Scheduling via Reinforcement Learning. - Robert Glaubius; Terry Tidwell; Christopher D. Gill; William D. Smart (UAI, 2010)

Instance-Based Reinforcement Learning. - William D. Smart (Encyclopedia of Machine Learning, 2010)

A POMDP Model of Eye-Hand Coordination. - Tom Erez; Julian J. Tramper; William D. Smart; Stan C. A. M. Gielen (AAAI, 2011)

Scalable Utility Aware Scheduling Heuristics for Real-time Tasks with Stochastic Non-preemptive Execution Intervals. - Terry Tidwell; Carter Bass; Eli Lasker; Micah Wylde; Christopher D. Gill; William D. Smart (ECRTS, 2011)

Using depth information to improve face detection. - Walker Burgin; Caroline Pantofaru; William D. Smart (HRI, 2011)

RIDE: mixed-mode control for mobile robot teams. - Erik Karulf; Marshall Strother; Parker Dunton; William D. Smart (HRI, 2011)

A panorama interface for telepresence robots. - Daniel A. Lazewatsky; William D. Smart (HRI, 2011)

Polonius: a wizard of oz interface for HRI experiments. - David V. Lu; William D. Smart (HRI, 2011)

An inexpensive robot platform for teleoperation and experimentation. - Daniel A. Lazewatsky; William D. Smart (ICRA, 2011)

Context-aware video compression for mobile robots. - Daniel A. Lazewatsky; Bogumil Giertler; Martha Witick; Leah Perlmutter; Bruce A. Maxwell; William D. Smart (IROS, 2011)

Human-robot interactions as theatre. - David V. Lu; William D. Smart (RO-MAN, 2011)

Shape classification and normal estimation for non-uniformly sampled, noisy point data. - Cindy Grimm; William D. Smart (Comput. Graph., 2011)

Measuring optical distortion in aircraft transparencies: a fully automated system for quantitative evaluation. - Michael Dixon; Robert Glaubius; Philip Freeman; Robert Pless; Michael P. Gleason; Matthew M. Thomas; William D. Smart (Mach. Vis. Appl., 2011)

Robots for humanity: User-centered design for assistive mobile manipulation. - Tiffany L. Chen; Matei T. Ciocarlie; Steve B. Cousins; Phillip M. Grice; Kelsey P. Hawkins; Kaijen Hsiao; Charles C. Kemp; Chih-Hung King; Daniel A. Lazewatsky; Adam Leeper; Hai Nguyen 003; Andreas Paepcke; et al. (IROS, 2012)

Context-sensitive in-the-world interfaces for mobile manipulation robots. - Daniel A. Lazewatsky; William D. Smart (RO-MAN, 2012)

Towards more efficient navigation for robots and humans. - David V. Lu; William D. Smart (IROS, 2013)

ROS at every level: using the robot operating system in CS 0, 1, 2, and beyond (abstract only). - Julian Mason; Zachary Dodds; William D. Smart (SIGCSE, 2013)

Tuning Cost Functions for Social Navigation. - David V. Lu; Daniel B. Allan; William D. Smart (ICSR, 2013)

Special Issue on Open Source Software-Supported Robotics Research. - Caroline Pantofaru; Sachin Chitta; Brian P. Gerkey; Radu Bogdan Rusu; William D. Smart; Richard T. Vaughan (Auton. Robots, 2013)

Robots for Humanity: Using Assistive Robotics to Empower People with Disabilities. - Tiffany L. Chen; Matei T. Ciocarlie; Steve B. Cousins; Phillip M. Grice; Kelsey P. Hawkins; Kaijen Hsiao; Charles C. Kemp; Chih-Hung King; Daniel A. Lazewatsky; Adam Leeper; Hai Nguyen 003; Andreas Paepcke; et al. (IEEE Robotics Autom. Mag., 2013)

How the law will think about robots (and why you should care). - William D. Smart; Neil M. Richards (ARSO, 2014)

Layered costmaps for context-sensitive navigation. - David V. Lu; Dave Hershberger; William D. Smart (IROS, 2014)

Wearable computing to enable robot microinteractions. - Daniel A. Lazewatsky; Cameron Bowie; William Curran; Jasper LaFortune; Benjamin Narin; Duy Nguyen; Amy Wyman; William D. Smart (RO-MAN, 2014)

Accessible interfaces for robot assistants. - Daniel A. Lazewatsky; William D. Smart (RO-MAN, 2014)

Guest Editorial: Introduction to the Special Issue on Resilient Control Architectures and Systems. - Craig G. Rieger; David H. Scheidt; William D. Smart (IEEE Trans. Cybern., 2014)

Video Manipulation Techniques for the Protection of Privacy in Remote Presence Systems. - Alexander Hubers; Emily Andrulis; William D. Smart; Levi Scott; Tanner Stirrat; Duc Tran; Ruonan Zhang; Ross T. Sowell; Cindy Grimm (HRI (Extended Abstracts), 2015)

Evaluation of Interfaces for 3d Pointing. - Daniel A. Lazewatsky; William D. Smart (HRI (Extended Abstracts), 2015)

A Shared Autonomy Interface for Household Devices. - Matthew Rueben; William D. Smart (HRI (Extended Abstracts), 2015)

Evaluating impact in the ROS ecosystem. - William Curran; Thomas Thornton; Benjamin Arvey; William D. Smart (ICRA, 2015)

Shared Autonomy Perception and Manipulation of Physical Device Controls. - Matthew Rueben; William D. Smart (ISVC (2), 2015)

Using Video Manipulation to Protect Privacy in Remote Presence Systems. - Alexander Hubers; Emily Andrulis; Levi Scott; Tanner Stirrat; Ruonan Zhang; Ross T. Sowell; Matthew Rueben; Cindy M. Grimm; William D. Smart (ICSR, 2015)

Using PCA to Efficiently Represent State Spaces. - William Curran; Tim Brys; Matthew E. Taylor; William D. Smart (CoRR, 2015)

Dimensionality Reduced Reinforcement Learning for Assistive Robots. - William Curran; Tim Brys; David W. Aha; Matthew E. Taylor; William D. Smart (AAAI Fall Symposia, 2016)

POMDPs for Risk-Aware Autonomy. - William Curran; Cameron Bowie; William D. Smart (AAAI Fall Symposia, 2016)

Seeing is Comforting: Effects of Teleoperator Visibility in Robot-Mediated Health Care. - Kory Kraft; William D. Smart (HRI, 2016)

User Feedback on Physical Marker Interfaces for Protecting Visual Privacy from Mobile Robots. - Matthew Rueben; Frank J. Bernieri; Cindy M. Grimm; William D. Smart (HRI, 2016)

Real-time contamination modeling for robotic health care support. - Kory Kraft; Tiffany Chu; Patrick Hansen; William D. Smart (IROS, 2016)

Evaluation of physical marker interfaces for protecting visual privacy from mobile robots. - Matthew Rueben; Frank J. Bernieri; Cindy M. Grimm; William D. Smart (RO-MAN, 2016)

A Method for Establishing Correspondences Between Hand-Drawn and Sensor-Generated Maps. - Leo Bowen-Biggs; Suzanne Dazo; Yili Zhang; Alexander Hubers; Matthew Rueben; Ross T. Sowell; William D. Smart; Cindy M. Grimm (ICSR, 2016)

Sketched Floor plans versus SLAM maps: A Comparison. - Leo Bowen-Biggs; Suzanne Dazo; Yili Zhang; Alexander Hubers; Matthew Rueben; Ross T. Sowell; William D. Smart; Cindy Grimm (CoRR, 2016)

A Summer Research Experience in Robotics. - Cindy M. Grimm; Alicia Lyman-Holt; William D. Smart (AAAI, 2017)

How to form robot law - A case study of autonomous cars. - Katsu Yamane; William D. Smart; Jodi Forlizzi (ARSO, 2017)

Privacy and Telepresence Robotics: What do Non-scientists Think? - Margaret Mary Krupp; Matthew Rueben; Cindy M. Grimm; William D. Smart (HRI (Companion), 2017)

Sky Sky Sky: Exploring End-of-Life Care Through Theatrical HRI. - David V. Lu; William D. Smart; Annamaria Pileggi (HRI (Companion), 2017)

Framing Effects on Privacy Concerns about a Home Telepresence Robot. - Matthew Rueben; Frank J. Bernieri; Cindy M. Grimm; William D. Smart (HRI, 2017)

Privacy-Sensitive Robotics. - Matthew Rueben; William D. Smart; Cindy M. Grimm; Maya Cakmak (HRI (Companion), 2017)

Neural networks for incremental dimensionality reduced reinforcement learning. - William Curran; Rey Pocius; William D. Smart (IROS, 2017)

A focus group study of privacy concerns about telepresence robots. - Margaret Mary Krupp; Matthew Rueben; Cindy M. Grimm; William D. Smart (RO-MAN, 2017)

A Taxonomy of Privacy Constructs for Privacy-Sensitive Robotics. - Matthew Rueben; Cindy M. Grimm; Frank J. Bernieri; William D. Smart (CoRR, 2017)

Toy-Based Technologies for Children with Disabilities Simultaneously Supporting Self-Directed Mobility, Participation, and Function: A Tech Report. - Samuel W. Logan; Heather Ann Feldner; Kathleen R. Bogart; Brianna M. Goodwin; Samantha M. Ross; Michele Ann Catena; Austin A. Whitesell; Zachary J. Sefton; William D. Smart; James C. Galloway (Frontiers Robotics AI, 2017)

Instance-Based Reinforcement Learning. - William D. Smart (Encyclopedia of Machine Learning and Data Mining, 2017)

An Education Model of Reasonable and Good-Faith Effort for Autonomous Systems. - Cindy M. Grimm; William D. Smart; Woodrow Hartzog (AIES, 2018)

Themes and Research Directions in Privacy-Sensitive Robotics. - Matthew Rueben; Alexander Mois Aroyo; Christoph Lutz; Johannes Schmölz; Pieter Van Cleynenbreugel; Andrea Corti; Siddharth Agrawal; William D. Smart (ARSO, 2018)

A Critical Look at Smart Wheelchairs. - Benjamin Narin; Makenzie Brian; William D. Smart (CoRR, 2018)

Privacy Concerns in Robot Teleoperation: Does Personality Influence What Should Be Hidden? - Sogol Balali; Ross T. Sowell; William D. Smart; Cindy M. Grimm (ICSR, 2019)

Privacy, Utility, and Cognitive Load in Remote Presence Systems. - Jeffrey Klow; Jordan Proby; Matthew Rueben; Ross T. Sowell; Cindy M. Grimm; William D. Smart (ICSR, 2019)

Towards Verifiable COVID-19 Aerosol Disinfection using Ultraviolet Light with a Mobile Robot. - Alan G. Sanchez; William D. Smart (PETRA, 2021)

A Shared Autonomy Surface Disinfection System Using a Mobile Manipulator Robot. - Alan G. Sanchez; William D. Smart (SSRR, 2021)

Surface Disinfection using Ultraviolet Lightwith a Mobile Manipulation Robot. - Alan G. Sanchez; William D. Smart (CoRR, 2021)

A Roadmap for US Robotics - From Internet to Robotics 2020 Edition. - Henrik I. Christensen; Nancy M. Amato; Holly A. Yanco; Maja J. Mataric; Howie Choset; Ann W. Drobnis; Ken Goldberg; Jessy W. Grizzle; Gregory D. Hager; John M. Hollerbach; Seth Hutchinson 001; Venkat Krovi; et al. (Found. Trends Robotics, 2021)

Mental Models of a Mobile Shoe Rack: Exploratory Findings from a Long-term In-the-Wild Study. - Matthew Rueben; Jeffrey Klow; Madelyn Duer; Eric Zimmerman; Jennifer Piacentini; Madison Browning; Frank J. Bernieri; Cindy M. Grimm; William D. Smart (ACM Trans. Hum. Robot Interact., 2021)

Contextual Multi-Objective Path Planning. - Anna Nickelson; Kagan Tumer; William D. Smart (ICRA, 2023)

Fleet2D: A Fast and Light Simulator for Home Robotics. - Apaar Sadhwani; Hamid Badiozamani; Tushar Agarwal; Saraswathi Marthandam; Amin Atrash; Jing Zhu; Aarthi Raveendran; William D. Smart (IRC, 2023)

Teaching a Robot Where to Park: A Scalable Crowdsourcing Approach. - De'Aira Bryant; Tiago Etiene; Ayanna M. Howard; William D. Smart; Dylan F. Glas (RO-MAN, 2023)

Privacy Aware Robotics. - Leigh Levinson; Manuel Dietrich; Alan Sarkisian; Selma Sabanovic; William D. Smart (HRI (Companion), 2024)

More Effective Robotic UV Disinfection of Objects Through Human Guidance. - Alan G. Sanchez; Nash Bernhart; William D. Smart (HRI (Companion), 2024)

Where can I park my robot? Modeling out-of-the-way parking spots in the home using room geometry. - Dylan F. Glas; William D. Smart (RO-MAN, 2024)

Improving UV Disinfection of Objects by a Robot Using Human Feedback. - Alan G. Sanchez; Nash Bernhart; William D. Smart (RO-MAN, 2024)

Applying Bodystorming to Human-Robot Interaction Design. - William D. Smart; Kayla Matheus; Marlena R. Fraune (ICSR + AI (3), 2024)

Privacy-Sensitive Robotics: Perceptions, Measures, and Metrics. - Janet Kim; Leigh Levinson; Jonathan Ota; Selma Sabanovic; William D. Smart (HRI, 2025)

Effective Engineering, Stakeholder Involvement, and Regulatory Plurality Within Privacy-Aware Robotics. - Leigh Levinson; Manuel Dietrich; Alan Sarkisian; Selma Sabanovic; William D. Smart (HRI, 2025)