Parameter Identification and Dynamic Models of Socioeconomic Phenomena. - Jeffrey W. Young; William F. Arnold; John W. Brewer (IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern., 1972)

Pricing in Prosumer Aggregations using Reinforcement Learning. - Utkarsha Agwan; Lucas Spangher; William F. Arnold; Tarang Srivastava; Kameshwar Poolla; Costas J. Spanos (e-Energy, 2021)

Adapting Surprise Minimizing Reinforcement Learning Techniques for Transactive Control. - William F. Arnold; Tarang Srivastava; Lucas Spangher; Utkarsha Agwan; Costas J. Spanos (e-Energy, 2021)

Continuous Convolutional Neural Networks for Disruption Prediction in Nuclear Fusion Plasmas. - William F. Arnold; Lucas Spangher; Christina Rea (CoRR, 2023)

Project MPG: towards a generalized performance benchmark for LLM capabilities. - Lucas Spangher; Tianle Li; William F. Arnold; Nick Masiewicki; Xerxes Dotiwalla; Rama Parusmathi; Peter Grabowski; Eugene Ie; Daniel Gruhl (CoRR, 2024)

Chatbot Arena Estimate: towards a generalized performance benchmark for LLM capabilities. - Lucas Spangher; Tianle Li; William F. Arnold; Nick Masiewicki; Xerxes Dotiwalla; Rama Kumar Pasumarthi; Peter Grabowski; Eugene Ie; Daniel Gruhl (NAACL (Industry Track), 2025)

Factored Agents: Decoupling In-Context Learning and Memorization for Robust Tool Use. - Nicholas Roth; Christopher Hidey; Lucas Spangher; William F. Arnold; Chang Ye; Nick Masiewicki; Jinoo Baek; Peter Grabowski; Eugene Ie (CoRR, 2025)