Preserving and Protecting the Freedom to Learn Online. - William Merrill (WebNet, 2001)

Dynamic Networking and Smart Sensing Enable Next-Generation Landmines. - William Merrill; Lewis Girod; Brian Schiffer; Dustin McIntire; Guillaume Rava; Katayoun Sohrabi; Fredric Newberg; Jeremy Elson; William J. Kaiser (IEEE Pervasive Comput., 2004)

Methods for Scalable Self-Assembly of Ad Hoc Wireless Sensor Networks. - Katayoun Sohrabi; William Merrill; Jeremy Elson; Lewis Girod; Fredric Newberg; William J. Kaiser (IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput., 2004)

Where is the return on investment in wireless sensor networks? - William Merrill (IEEE Wirel. Commun., 2010)

Using Machine Learning to Understand Transfer from First Language to Second Language. - Tiwalayo Eisape; William Merrill; Joshua K. Hartshorne; Sven Dietz (CogSci, 2018)

Context-Free Transductions with Neural Stacks. - Yiding Hao; William Merrill; Dana Angluin; Robert Frank 001; Noah Amsel; Andrew Benz; Simon Mendelsohn (BlackboxNLP@EMNLP, 2018)

End-to-End Graph-Based TAG Parsing with Neural Networks. - Jungo Kasai; Robert Frank 001; Pauli Xu; William Merrill; Owen Rambow (NAACL-HLT, 2018)

Detecting Syntactic Change Using a Neural Part-of-Speech Tagger. - William Merrill; Gigi Felice Stark; Robert Frank 001 (LChange@ACL, 2019)

Finding Hierarchical Structure in Neural Stacks Using Unsupervised Parsing. - William Merrill; Lenny Khazan; Noah Amsel; Yiding Hao; Simon Mendelsohn; Robert Frank 001 (BlackboxNLP@ACL, 2019)

Finding Syntactic Representations in Neural Stacks. - William Merrill; Lenny Khazan; Noah Amsel; Yiding Hao; Simon Mendelsohn; Robert Frank 001 (CoRR, 2019)

Sequential Neural Networks as Automata. - William Merrill (CoRR, 2019)

A Formal Hierarchy of RNN Architectures. - William Merrill; Gail Weiss; Yoav Goldberg; Roy Schwartz 001; Noah A. Smith; Eran Yahav (ACL, 2020)

On the Linguistic Capacity of Real-Time Counter Automata. - William Merrill (CoRR, 2020)

CORD-19: The Covid-19 Open Research Dataset. - Lucy Lu Wang; Kyle Lo; Yoganand Chandrasekhar; Russell Reas; Jiangjiang Yang; Darrin Eide; Kathryn Funk; Rodney Kinney; Ziyang Liu; William Merrill; Paul Mooney; Dewey A. Murdick; et al. (CoRR, 2020)

Parameter Norm Growth During Training of Transformers. - William Merrill; Vivek Ramanujan; Yoav Goldberg; Roy Schwartz 001; Noah A. Smith (CoRR, 2020)

Competency Problems: On Finding and Removing Artifacts in Language Data. - Matt Gardner 001; William Merrill; Jesse Dodge; Matthew E. Peters; Alexis Ross; Sameer Singh 001; Noah A. Smith (EMNLP (1), 2021)

Effects of Parameter Norm Growth During Transformer Training: Inductive Bias from Gradient Descent. - William Merrill; Vivek Ramanujan; Yoav Goldberg; Roy Schwartz 001; Noah A. Smith (EMNLP (1), 2021)

Formal Language Theory Meets Modern NLP. - William Merrill (CoRR, 2021)

On the Power of Saturated Transformers: A View from Circuit Complexity. - William Merrill; Yoav Goldberg; Roy Schwartz 001; Noah A. Smith (CoRR, 2021)

Provable Limitations of Acquiring Meaning from Ungrounded Form: What Will Future Language Models Understand? - William Merrill; Yoav Goldberg; Roy Schwartz 001; Noah A. Smith (Trans. Assoc. Comput. Linguistics, 2021)

ReCLIP: A Strong Zero-Shot Baseline for Referring Expression Comprehension. - Sanjay Subramanian; William Merrill; Trevor Darrell; Matt Gardner 001; Sameer Singh 001; Anna Rohrbach (ACL (1), 2022)

Entailment Semantics Can Be Extracted from an Ideal Language Model. - William Merrill; Alex Warstadt; Tal Linzen (CoNLL, 2022)

Extracting Finite Automata from RNNs Using State Merging. - William Merrill; Nikolaos Tsilivis 002 (CoRR, 2022)

Log-Precision Transformers are Constant-Depth Uniform Threshold Circuits. - William Merrill; Ashish Sabharwal (CoRR, 2022)

Transformers Implement First-Order Logic with Majority Quantifiers. - William Merrill; Ashish Sabharwal (CoRR, 2022)

Saturated Transformers are Constant-Depth Threshold Circuits. - William Merrill; Ashish Sabharwal; Noah A. Smith (Trans. Assoc. Comput. Linguistics, 2022)

Formal Languages and the NLP Black Box. - William Merrill (DLT, 2023)

Formal languages and neural models for learning on sequences. - William Merrill (ICGI, 2023)

A Logic for Expressing Log-Precision Transformers. - William Merrill; Ashish Sabharwal (NeurIPS, 2023)

A Tale of Two Circuits: Grokking as Competition of Sparse and Dense Subnetworks. - William Merrill; Nikolaos Tsilivis 002; Aman Shukla (CoRR, 2023)

Transformers as Recognizers of Formal Languages: A Survey on Expressivity. - Lena Strobl; William Merrill; Gail Weiss; David Chiang 001; Dana Angluin (CoRR, 2023)

The Parallelism Tradeoff: Limitations of Log-Precision Transformers. - William Merrill; Ashish Sabharwal (Trans. Assoc. Comput. Linguistics, 2023)

Transparency Helps Reveal When Language Models Learn Meaning. - Zhaofeng Wu; William Merrill; Hao Peng 009; Iz Beltagy; Noah A. Smith (Trans. Assoc. Comput. Linguistics, 2023)

OLMo: Accelerating the Science of Language Models. - Dirk Groeneveld; Iz Beltagy; Evan Pete Walsh; Akshita Bhagia; Rodney Kinney; Oyvind Tafjord; Ananya Harsh Jha; Hamish Ivison; Ian Magnusson; Yizhong Wang; Shane Arora; David Atkinson; et al. (ACL (1), 2024)

Can You Learn Semantics Through Next-Word Prediction? The Case of Entailment. - William Merrill; Zhaofeng Wu; Norihito Naka; Yoon Kim; Tal Linzen (ACL (Findings), 2024)

Evaluating n-Gram Novelty of Language Models Using Rusty-DAWG. - William Merrill; Noah A. Smith; Yanai Elazar (EMNLP, 2024)

The Expressive Power of Transformers with Chain of Thought. - William Merrill; Ashish Sabharwal (ICLR, 2024)

The Illusion of State in State-Space Models. - William Merrill; Jackson Petty; Ashish Sabharwal (ICML, 2024)

How Language Model Hallucinations Can Snowball. - Muru Zhang; Ofir Press; William Merrill; Alisa Liu; Noah A. Smith (ICML, 2024)

OLMo: Accelerating the Science of Language Models. - Dirk Groeneveld; Iz Beltagy; Pete Walsh; Akshita Bhagia; Rodney Kinney; Oyvind Tafjord; Ananya Harsh Jha; Hamish Ivison; Ian Magnusson; Yizhong Wang; Shane Arora; David Atkinson; et al. (CoRR, 2024)

Let's Think Dot by Dot: Hidden Computation in Transformer Language Models. - Jacob Pfau; William Merrill; Samuel R. Bowman (CoRR, 2024)

What Formal Languages Can Transformers Express? A Survey. - Lena Strobl; William Merrill; Gail Weiss; David Chiang 001; Dana Angluin (Trans. Assoc. Comput. Linguistics, 2024)

Between Circuits and Chomsky: Pre-pretraining on Formal Languages Imparts Linguistic Biases. - Michael Y. Hu; Jackson Petty; Chuan Shi; William Merrill; Tal Linzen (ACL (1), 2025)

2 OLMo 2 Furious. - Team OLMo; Pete Walsh; Luca Soldaini; Dirk Groeneveld; Kyle Lo; Shane Arora; Akshita Bhagia; Yuling Gu; Shengyi Huang; Matt Jordan; Nathan Lambert 001; Dustin Schwenk; et al. (CoRR, 2025)

A Little Depth Goes a Long Way: The Expressive Power of Log-Depth Transformers. - William Merrill; Ashish Sabharwal (CoRR, 2025)

RWKV-7 "Goose" with Expressive Dynamic State Evolution. - Bo Peng; Ruichong Zhang; Daniel Goldstein; Eric Alcaide; Xingjian Du; Haowen Hou; Jiaju Lin; Jiaxing Liu; Janna Lu; William Merrill; Guangyu Song; Kaifeng Tan; et al. (CoRR, 2025)

Exact Expressive Power of Transformers with Padding. - William Merrill; Ashish Sabharwal (CoRR, 2025)

Critical Batch Size Revisited: A Simple Empirical Approach to Large-Batch Language Model Training. - William Merrill; Shane Arora; Dirk Groeneveld; Hannaneh Hajishirzi (CoRR, 2025)

RELIC: Evaluating Compositional Instruction Following via Language Recognition. - Jackson Petty; Michael Y. Hu; Wentao Wang; Shauli Ravfogel; William Merrill; Tal Linzen (CoRR, 2025)