A Cluster-Based Group Rekeying Algorithm in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. - Guangming Hu; Xiaohui Kuang; Zhenghu Gong (ICCNMC, 2005)

An Emulation Environment for Vulnerability Analysis of Large-Scale Distributed System. - Gang Zhao; Xiaohui Kuang; Weimin Zheng (GCC, 2009)

Research on Technologies of Building Experimental Environment for Network Worm Simulation. - Minhuan Huang; Xiaohui Kuang; Yan Wen 001; Hong Tang; Fei Xu (ICPADS, 2009)

Implicit detection of stealth software with a local-booted virtual machine. - Yan Wen 001; Minhuan Huang; Jinjing Zhao; Xiaohui Kuang (ICIS, 2010)

Research on survivability metrics based on survivable process of network system. - Liang Ming; Minhuan Huang; Dongxia Wang 001; Xiaohui Kuang; Chunlei Wang; Xuewei Feng (SIN, 2011)

Secure Service and Management for Security-Critical Wireless Sensor Network. - Qiang Liu; Li Liu; Xiaohui Kuang; Yan Wen 001 (IMIS, 2012)

Architecture of Network Environment for High-Risk Security Experimentation. - Xiaohui Kuang; Xiang Li 078; Jinjing Zhao (ICT-EurAsia, 2013)

On Effectiveness of Clustering Principles in Maximizing Wireless Sensor Network Lifespan. - Xiaohui Kuang; Bowen Li; Li Liu (WASA, 2014)

A clustering approach based on convergence degree chain for wireless sensor networks. - Xiaohui Kuang; Li Liu; Qiang Liu; Xiang Li 078 (Secur. Commun. Networks, 2015)

Survey on Software Vulnerability Analysis Method Based on Machine Learning. - Jie Gong; Xiaohui Kuang; Qiang Liu (DSC, 2016)

一种基于多层拓扑的大规模分布式系统结构脆弱性分析算法 (Multilayer Topology Structural Vulnerability Analysis Algorithm for Large-scale Distributed System). - Xiaohui Kuang; Jin Li; Gang Zhao (计算机科学, 2016)

Machine Learning in Vulnerability Databases. - Zhechao Lin; Xiang Li 078; Xiaohui Kuang (ISCID (1), 2017)

A Vulnerability Test Method for Speech Recognition Systems Based on Frequency Signal Processing. - Honghao Yang; Dong Liang; Xiaohui Kuang; Changqiao Xu (DSC, 2018)

Security Analysis of Intelligent Transportation Systems Based on Simulation Data. - Liang Ming; Gang Zhao; Minhuan Huang; Xiaohui Kuang; Hu Li; Ming Zhang 021 (ICDIS, 2018)

Network Traffic Generator Based on Distributed Agent for Large-Scale Network Emulation Environment. - Xiaohui Kuang; Jin Li; Fei Xu (IScIDE, 2018)

Balancing the QOS and Security in Dijkstra Algorithm by SDN Technology. - Jinjing Zhao; Ling Pang; Xiaohui Kuang; Rong Jin (NPC, 2018)

A General Testing Framework Based on Veins for Securing VANET Applications. - Liang Ming; Gang Zhao; Minhuan Huang; Xiaohui Kuang; Jingzhe Zhang; Huayang Cao; Fei Xu (SmartWorld/SCALCOM/UIC/ATC/CBDCom/IOP/SCI, 2018)

DeepWAF: Detecting Web Attacks Based on CNN and LSTM Models. - Xiaohui Kuang; Ming Zhang 021; Hu Li; Gang Zhao; Huayang Cao; Zhendong Wu; Xianmin Wang (CSS (2), 2019)

Evading PDF Malware Classifiers with Generative Adversarial Network. - Yaxiao Wang; Yuanzhang Li 001; Quanxin Zhang 001; Jingjing Hu; Xiaohui Kuang (CSS (1), 2019)

Boosting Training for PDF Malware Classifier via Active Learning. - Xinxin Wang; Yuanzhang Li 001; Quanxin Zhang 001; Xiaohui Kuang (CSS (2), 2019)

An Intelligent Route Mutation Mechanism against Mixed Attack Based on Security Awareness. - Tao Zhang 063; Xiaohui Kuang; Zan Zhou 001; Hongquan Gao; Changqiao Xu (GLOBECOM, 2019)

An Efficient and Agile Spatio-Temporal Route Mutation Moving Target Defense Mechanism. - Zan Zhou 001; Changqiao Xu; Xiaohui Kuang; Tao Zhang 063; Limin Sun 001 (ICC, 2019)

Neuron Selecting: Defending Against Adversarial Examples in Deep Neural Networks. - Ming Zhang 021; Hu Li; Xiaohui Kuang; Ling Pang; Zhendong Wu (ICICS, 2019)

Untargeted Adversarial Attack via Expanding the Semantic Gap. - Aming Wu; Yahong Han; Quanxin Zhang 001; Xiaohui Kuang (ICME, 2019)

SE-PSO: Resource Scheduling Strategy for Multimedia Cloud Platform Based on Security Enhanced Virtual Migration. - Tengchao Ma; Changqiao Xu; Zan Zhou 001; Xiaohui Kuang; Lujie Zhong (IWCMC, 2019)

A heuristic fuzz test generator for Java native interface. - Jinjing Zhao; Yan Wen 001; Xiang Li 078; Ling Pang; Xiaohui Kuang; Dongxia Wang 001 (SQUADE@ESEC/SIGSOFT FSE, 2019)

A CMA-ES-Based Adversarial Attack on Black-Box Deep Neural Networks. - Xiaohui Kuang; Hongyi Liu 002; Ye Wang 010; Qikun Zhang; Quanxin Zhang 001; Jun Zheng 007 (IEEE Access, 2019)

Detecting adversarial examples via prediction difference for deep neural networks. - Feng Guo; Qingjie Zhao; Xuan Li; Xiaohui Kuang; Jianwei Zhang 001; Yahong Han; Yu-an Tan 001 (Inf. Sci., 2019)

The security of machine learning in an adversarial setting: A survey. - Xianmin Wang; Jing Li 045; Xiaohui Kuang; Yu-an Tan 001; Jin Li 002 (J. Parallel Distributed Comput., 2019)

一种基于程序切片相似度匹配的脆弱性发现方法 (Vulnerability Discovery Approach Based on Similarity Matching of Program Slicing). - Qiang Liu; Xiaohui Kuang; Hua Chen; Xiang Li 078; Guangke Li (计算机科学, 2019)

Intelligent-driven Adapting Defense Against the Client-side DNS Cache Poisoning in the Cloud. - Tengchao Ma; Changqiao Xu; Zan Zhou 001; Xiaohui Kuang; Lujie Zhong; Luigi Alfredo Grieco (GLOBECOM, 2020)

Multi-vNIC Intelligent Mutation: A Moving Target Defense to thwart Client-side DNS Cache Attack. - Zan Zhou 001; Changqiao Xu; Tengchao Ma; Xiaohui Kuang (ICC, 2020)

Two-Way Feature-Aligned And Attention-Rectified Adversarial Training. - Haitao Zhang; Fan Jia; Quanxin Zhang 001; Yahong Han; Xiaohui Kuang; Yu-an Tan 001 (ICME, 2020)

Non-norm-bounded Attack for Generating Adversarial Examples. - Ming Zhang 021; Hu Li; Xiaohui Kuang; Yuanping Nie; Cheng Qian; Zhendong Wu; Gang Zhao (ICONIP (5), 2020)

A Study on Mesh Hybrid Memory Cube Network. - Cheng Qian; Ming Zhang 021; Xiaohui Kuang; Gang Zhao (ISPASS, 2020)

DQ-RM: Deep Reinforcement Learning-based Route Mutation Scheme for Multimedia Services. - Tao Zhang 063; Changqiao Xu; Bingchi Zhang; Xiaohui Kuang; Yue Wang; Shujie Yang; Gabriel-Miro Muntean (IWCMC, 2020)

A File-Level Continuous Data Protection Scheme for Enforcing Security Baseline. - Xiangxiang Jiang; Yuxi Ma; Gang Zhao; Xiaohui Kuang; Yuanzhang Li 001; Ruyun Zhang (ML4CS (1), 2020)

An Adaptive Data Protection Scheme for Optimizing Storage Space. - Meng Ming; Gang Zhao; Xiaohui Kuang; Lu Liu; Ruyun Zhang (ML4CS (2), 2020)

A Hybrid Interface Recovery Method for Android Kernels Fuzzing. - Shuaibing Lu; Xiaohui Kuang; Yuanping Nie; Zhechao Lin (QRS, 2020)

A VirtualXposed-Based Inline Hooking Framework for Android Native Methods. - Shuo Feng; Yu-an Tan 001; Gang Zhao; Xiaohui Kuang; Xiao Yu 005; Juan Wang (SocialSec, 2020)

Keeping Privacy Data Secure Under Factory Recovery. - Lianfang Wang; Ye Wang 010; Gang Zhao; Lu Liu; Xiaohui Kuang (SocialSec, 2020)

An Intelligent File Transfer Optimization for Poor Network Conditions. - Ming Yan; Bo Zhang; Gang Zhao; Xiaohui Kuang; Lu Liu; Ruyun Zhang (SocialSec, 2020)

An Android Data Protection Scheme for System-as-Root Architectures. - Kai Yang; Ling Pang; Bo Zhang; Gang Zhao; Xiaohui Kuang (SocialSec, 2020)

A Real-Time Audio and Video Streaming Transmission Scheme for Social Media. - Jianping Yu; Gang Zhao; Xiaohui Kuang; Ruyun Zhang (SocialSec, 2020)

Enhancing Randomization Entropy of x86-64 Code while Preserving Semantic Consistency. - Xuewei Feng; Dongxia Wang 001; Zhechao Lin; Xiaohui Kuang; Gang Zhao (TrustCom, 2020)

I-HMM-Based Multidimensional Network Security Risk Assessment. - Jingjing Hu; Shuangshuang Guo; Xiaohui Kuang; Fankun Meng; Dongsheng Hu; Zhiyu Shi (IEEE Access, 2020)

Endogenous Security Defense against Deductive Attack: When Artificial Intelligence Meets Active Defense for Online Service. - Zan Zhou 001; Xiaohui Kuang; Limin Sun 001; Lujie Zhong; Changqiao Xu (IEEE Commun. Mag., 2020)

Privacy preservation for machine learning training and classification based on homomorphic encryption schemes. - Jing Li; Xiaohui Kuang; Shujie Lin; Xu Ma; Yi Tang (Inf. Sci., 2020)

An adversarial attack on DNN-based black-box object detectors. - Yajie Wang; Yu-an Tan 001; Wenjiao Zhang; Yuhang Zhao 003; Xiaohui Kuang (J. Netw. Comput. Appl., 2020)

Adaptive iterative attack towards explainable adversarial robustness. - Yucheng Shi; Yahong Han; Quanxin Zhang 001; Xiaohui Kuang (Pattern Recognit., 2020)

BMOP: Bidirectional Universal Adversarial Learning for Binary OpCode Features. - Xiang Li 078; Yuanping Nie; Zhi Wang 014; Xiaohui Kuang; Kefan Qiu; Cheng Qian; Gang Zhao (Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput., 2020)

Detecting Adversarial Samples in Neural Network with Statistical Metrics: A Practical Approach. - Wei Kong; Huayang Cao; Jianwen Tian; Xiaohui Kuang (DSC, 2021)

Generating Highly Structured Inputs: A Survey. - Yabin Li; Yinfan Qin; Jianwen Tian; Taotao Gu; Yuanping Nie; Xiaohui Kuang (DSC, 2021)

Gradient-oriented gray-box protocol fuzzing. - Yinfan Qin; Xiang Li 078; Jianwen Tian; Taotao Gu; Xiaohui Kuang (DSC, 2021)

Free Adversarial Training with Layerwise Heuristic Learning. - Haitao Zhang; Yucheng Shi; Benyu Dong; Yahong Han; Yuanzhang Li 001; Xiaohui Kuang (ICIG (2), 2021)

PPO-RM: Proximal Policy Optimization Based Route Mutation for Multimedia Services. - Jiahao Shen; Tao Zhang 063; Bingchi Zhang; Weixiao Ji; Xiaohui Kuang; Changqiao Xu (IWCMC, 2021)

Context-Aware Adaptive Route Mutation Scheme: A Reinforcement Learning Approach. - Changqiao Xu; Tao Zhang 063; Xiaohui Kuang; Zan Zhou 001; Shui Yu 001 (IEEE Internet Things J., 2021)

A discrete cosine transform-based query efficient attack on black-box object detectors. - Xiaohui Kuang; Xianfeng Gao; Lianfang Wang; Gang Zhao; Lishan Ke; Quanxin Zhang 001 (Inf. Sci., 2021)

Towards a physical-world adversarial patch for blinding object detection models. - Yajie Wang; Haoran Lv; Xiaohui Kuang; Gang Zhao; Yu-an Tan 001; Quanxin Zhang 001; Jingjing Hu (Inf. Sci., 2021)

An Evolutionary-Based Black-Box Attack to Deep Neural Network Classifiers. - Yutian Zhou; Yu-an Tan 001; Quanxin Zhang 001; Xiaohui Kuang; Yahong Han; Jingjing Hu (Mob. Networks Appl., 2021)

Oblivious Transfer for Privacy-Preserving in VANET's Feature Matching. - Xianmin Wang; Xiaohui Kuang; Jin Li 002; Jing Li 045; Xiaofeng Chen 001; Zheli Liu (IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., 2021)

Fuzzing DBMS via NNLM. - Yabin Li; Yuanping Nie; Xiaohui Kuang (DSC, 2022)

Code Vulnerability Detection via Nearest Neighbor Mechanism. - Qianjin Du; Xiaohui Kuang; Gang Zhao (EMNLP (Findings), 2022)

A Data-free Black-box Attack for Generating Transferable Adversarial Examples. - Chenxu Wang; Ming Zhang 021; Jinjing Zhao; Xiaohui Kuang; Han Zhang; Xuhong Zhang 002 (HPCC/DSS/SmartCity/DependSys, 2022)

A Proactive Defense Strategy Against SGX Side-channel Attacks via self-checking DRL in the Cloud. - Tengchao Ma; Changqiao Xu; Qingzhao An; Xiaohui Kuang; Lujie Zhong; Luigi Alfredo Grieco (ICC, 2022)

Black-Box Adversarial Attacks on Deep Neural Networks: A Survey. - Chenxu Wang; Ming Zhang 021; Jinjing Zhao; Xiaohui Kuang (ICDIS, 2022)

Detecting Backdoor Attacks on Deep Neural Networks Based on Model Parameters Analysis. - Mingyuan Ma; Hu Li; Xiaohui Kuang (ICTAI, 2022)

Improving Transferability of Adversarial Examples with Virtual Step and Auxiliary Gradients. - Ming Zhang 021; Xiaohui Kuang; Hu Li; Zhendong Wu; Yuanping Nie; Gang Zhao (IJCAI, 2022)

StinAttack: A Lightweight and Effective Adversarial Attack Simulation to Ensemble IDSs for Satellite- Terrestrial Integrated Network. - Shangyuan Zhuang; Jiyan Sun; Hangsheng Zhang; Xiaohui Kuang; Ling Pang; Haitao Liu 006; Yinlong Liu (ISCC, 2022)

Decision-based Black-box Attack Against Vision Transformers via Patch-wise Adversarial Removal. - Yucheng Shi; Yahong Han; Yu-an Tan 001; Xiaohui Kuang (NeurIPS, 2022)

Group-based corpus scheduling for parallel fuzzing. - Taotao Gu; Xiang Li 078; Shuaibing Lu; Jianwen Tian; Yuanping Nie; Xiaohui Kuang; Zhechao Lin; Chenyifan Liu; Jie Liang 006; Yu Jiang 001 (ESEC/SIGSOFT FSE, 2022)

Dynamic and Diverse Transformations for Defending Against Adversarial Examples. - Yongkang Chen; Ming Zhang 021; Jin Li; Xiaohui Kuang; Xuhong Zhang 002; Han Zhang (TrustCom, 2022)

Off-Path Network Traffic Manipulation via Revitalized ICMP Redirect Attacks. - Xuewei Feng; Qi Li 002; Kun Sun 001; Zhiyun Qian; Gang Zhao; Xiaohui Kuang; Chuanpu Fu; Ke Xu 002 (USENIX Security Symposium, 2022)

Multidomain security authentication for the Internet of things. - Qikun Zhang; Kunyuan Zhao; Xiaohui Kuang; Yongjiao Li; Yuanpan Zheng; Junling Yuan; Ruifang Wang (Concurr. Comput. Pract. Exp., 2022)

An intelligent proactive defense against the client-side DNS cache poisoning attack via self-checking deep reinforcement learning. - Tengchao Ma; Changqiao Xu; Shujie Yang; Yiting Huang; Xiaohui Kuang; Hong Tang; Luigi Alfredo Grieco (Int. J. Intell. Syst., 2022)

ICDF: Intrusion collaborative detection framework based on confidence. - Zhi Wang 014; Leshi Shao; Kai Cheng; Yuanzhao Liu; Jianan Jiang; Yuanping Nie; Xiang Li 078; Xiaohui Kuang (Int. J. Intell. Syst., 2022)

Toward Attack-Resistant Route Mutation for VANETs: An Online and Adaptive Multiagent Reinforcement Learning Approach. - Tao Zhang 063; Changqiao Xu; Bingchi Zhang; Jiahao Shen; Xiaohui Kuang; Luigi Alfredo Grieco (IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., 2022)

Test Suite Generation Based on Context-Adapted Structural Coverage for Testing DNN. - Wei Kong; Qianjin Du; Huayang Cao; Hu Li; Tong Wang; Jianwen Tian; Xiaohui Kuang (APNOMS, 2023)

Fine-Grained Software Vulnerability Detection via Neural Architecture Search. - Qianjin Du; Xiaohui Kuang; Xiang Li 078; Gang Zhao (DASFAA (4), 2023)

A Study on Vulnerability Code Labeling Method in Open-Source C Programs. - Yaning Zheng; Dongxia Wang 001; Huayang Cao; Cheng Qian; Xiaohui Kuang; Honglin Zhuang (DEXA (1), 2023)

Survey on Fuzzing Techniques in Deep Learning Libraries. - Jiahe Ji; Wei Kong; Jianwen Tian; Taotao Gu; Yuanping Nie; Xiaohui Kuang (DSC, 2023)

Machine Learning Security Analysis Framework Based on Threat Matrix. - Hu Li; Qiongmin Ma; Ming Zhang; Xiaohui Kuang (DSC, 2023)

Joint Geometrical and Statistical Domain Adaptation for Cross-domain Code Vulnerability Detection. - Qianjin Du; Shiji Zhou; Xiaohui Kuang; Gang Zhao; Jidong Zhai (EMNLP, 2023)

Automated Software Vulnerability Detection via Curriculum Learning. - Qianjin Du; Wei Kun; Xiaohui Kuang; Xiang Li 078; Gang Zhao (ICME, 2023)

ADV-POST: Physically Realistic Adversarial Poster for Attacking Semantic Segmentation Models in Autonomous Driving. - Huan Deng; Minhuan Huang; Tong Wang 042; Hu Li; Jianwen Tian; Qian Yan; Xiaohui Kuang (ICONIP (13), 2023)

Risk Scenario Generation for Autonomous Driving Systems based on Scenario Evaluation Model. - Tong Wang 042; Xiaohui Kuang; Huan Deng; Taotao Gu; Wei Kong; Jianwen Tian; Gang Zhao (IJCNN, 2023)

Driving into Danger: Adversarial Patch Attack on End-to-End Autonomous Driving Systems Using Deep Learning. - Tong Wang 042; Xiaohui Kuang; Hu Li; Qianjin Du; Zhanhao Hu; Huan Deng; Gang Zhao (ISCC, 2023)

Fine-Grained Source Code Vulnerability Detection via Graph Neural Networks (S). - Jingjing Wang; Minhuan Huang; Yuanping Nie; Xiaohui Kuang; Xiang Li 078; Wenjing Zhong (SEKE, 2023)

Sparsity Brings Vulnerabilities: Exploring New Metrics in Backdoor Attacks. - Jianwen Tian; Kefan Qiu; Debin Gao; Zhi Wang 014; Xiaohui Kuang; Gang Zhao (USENIX Security Symposium, 2023)

Towards Attack-Resistant Service Function Chain Migration: A Model-Based Adaptive Proximal Policy Optimization Approach. - Tao Zhang 063; Changqiao Xu; Bingchi Zhang; Xinran Li; Xiaohui Kuang; Luigi Alfredo Grieco (IEEE Trans. Dependable Secur. Comput., 2023)

A Multi-Shuffler Framework to Establish Mutual Confidence for Secure Federated Learning. - Zan Zhou 001; Changqiao Xu; Ming-Ze Wang; Xiaohui Kuang; Yirong Zhuang; Shui Yu 001 (IEEE Trans. Dependable Secur. Comput., 2023)

How to Disturb Network Reconnaissance: A Moving Target Defense Approach Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning. - Tao Zhang 063; Changqiao Xu; Jiahao Shen; Xiaohui Kuang; Luigi Alfredo Grieco (IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur., 2023)

How to Mitigate DDoS Intelligently in SD-IoV: A Moving Target Defense Approach. - Tao Zhang 063; Changqiao Xu; Ping Zou; Haijiang Tian; Xiaohui Kuang; Shujie Yang; Lujie Zhong; Dusit Niyato (IEEE Trans. Ind. Informatics, 2023)

A Mutation-Enabled Proactive Defense Against Service-Oriented Man-in-The-Middle Attack in Kubernetes. - Tengchao Ma; Changqiao Xu; Shujie Yang; Yiting Huang; Qingzhao An; Xiaohui Kuang; Luigi Alfredo Grieco (IEEE Trans. Computers, 2023)

When Moving Target Defense Meets Attack Prediction in Digital Twins: A Convolutional and Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning Approach. - Tao Zhang 063; Changqiao Xu; Yibo Lian; Haijiang Tian; Jiawen Kang 001; Xiaohui Kuang; Dusit Niyato (IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., 2023)

A New Perspective of Deep Learning Testing Framework: Human-Computer Interaction Based Neural Network Testing. - Wei Kong; Hu Li; Qianjin Du; Huayang Cao; Xiaohui Kuang (ICRA, 2024)

Dance of the ADS: Orchestrating Failures through Historically-Informed Scenario Fuzzing. - Tong Wang 042; Taotao Gu; Huan Deng; Hu Li; Xiaohui Kuang; Gang Zhao (ISSTA, 2024)

Suitable is the Best: Task-Oriented Knowledge Fusion in Vulnerability Detection. - Jingjing Wang; Minhuan Huang; Yuanping Nie; Xiang Li 078; Qianjin Du; Wei Kong; Huan Deng; Xiaohui Kuang (NeurIPS, 2024)

Enhancing Adversarial Robustness through Self-Supervised Confidence-Based Denoising. - Yongkang Chen; Tong Wang 042; Wei Kong; Taotao Gu; Guiling Cao; Xiaohui Kuang (TrustCom, 2024)

Dance of the ADS: Orchestrating Failures through Historically-Informed Scenario Fuzzing. - Tong Wang; Taotao Gu; Huan Deng; Hu Li; Xiaohui Kuang; Gang Zhao (CoRR, 2024)

Dynamic loss yielding more transferable targeted adversarial examples. - Ming Zhang 021; Yongkang Chen; Hu Li; Cheng Qian; Xiaohui Kuang (Neurocomputing, 2024)

Estimating Maize Crop Height and Aboveground Biomass Using Multi-Source Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Remote Sensing and Optuna-Optimized Ensemble Learning Algorithms. - Yafeng Li; Changchun Li; Qian Cheng; Fuyi Duan; Weiguang Zhai; Zongpeng Li; Bohan Mao; Fan Ding; Xiaohui Kuang; Zhen Chen (Remote. Sens., 2024)

Better Red Teaming via Searching with Large Language Model. - Yongkang Chen; Chongyang Zhao 001; Jianwentian Jianwentian; Guiling Cao; Hu Li; Xiaohui Kuang (ACL (Findings), 2025)

Density Boosts Everything: A One-stop Strategy for Improving Performance, Robustness, and Sustainability of Malware Detectors. - Jianwen Tian; Wei Kong; Debin Gao; Tong Wang; Taotao Gu; Kefan Qiu; Zhi Wang 014; Xiaohui Kuang (NDSS, 2025)

CacheAlarm: Monitoring Sensitive Behaviors of Android Apps Using Cache Side Channel. - Jianwen Tian; Haoyu Ma; Debin Gao; Xiaohui Kuang (IEEE Trans. Dependable Secur. Comput., 2025)