DeepSeek-V2: A Strong, Economical, and Efficient Mixture-of-Experts Language Model. - DeepSeek-AI; Aixin Liu; Bei Feng; Bin Wang 065; Bingxuan Wang; Bo Liu 039; Chenggang Zhao; Chengqi Deng; Chong Ruan; Damai Dai; Daya Guo; Dejian Yang; et al. (CoRR, 2024)

DeepSeek-R1 incentivizes reasoning in LLMs through reinforcement learning. - Daya Guo; Dejian Yang; Haowei Zhang; Junxiao Song; Peiyi Wang; Qihao Zhu; Runxin Xu; Ruoyu Zhang; Shirong Ma; Xiao Bi; Xiaokang Zhang; Xingkai Yu; et al. (Nat., 2025)