Markus Krötzsch

Lydia Pintscher

Proceedings of the Companion Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2023, 2023

Efficient Dependency Analysis for Existential Rules (short paper).

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the 15th Alberto Mendelzon International Workshop on Foundations of Data Management (AMW 2023), 2023

2022

Supplementary material to the paper "Expressivity of Planning with Horn Description Logic Ontologies".

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Dataset, June, 2022

Supplementary material to the paper "Expressivity of Planning with Horn Description Logic Ontologies".

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Dataset, June, 2022

Expressivity of Planning with Horn Description Logic Ontologies (Technical Report).

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

CoRR, 2022

A Sorted Datalog Hammer for Supervisor Verification Conditions Modulo Simple Linear Arithmetic.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, 2022

Efficient Dependency Analysis for Rule-Based Ontologies.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the Semantic Web - ISWC 2022, 2022

An Existential Rule Framework for Computing Why-Provenance On-Demand for Datalog.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Ali Elhalawati

Stephan Mennicke

Proceedings of the Rules and Reasoning, 2022

Deciding Hyperproperties Combined with Functional Specifications.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the LICS '22: 37th Annual ACM/IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science, Haifa, Israel, August 2, 2022

Chasing Streams with Existential Rules.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Thomas Eiter

Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, 2022

Simulating Sets in Answer Set Programming.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Sarah Alice Gaggl

Philipp Hanisch

Proceedings of the Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2022

Capturing Homomorphism-Closed Decidable Queries with Existential Rules (Extended Abstract).

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2022

Tuple-Generating Dependencies Capture Complex Values.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Database Theory, 2022

Expressivity of Planning with Horn Description Logic Ontologies (Extended Abstract).

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the 35th International Workshop on Description Logics (DL 2022) co-located with Federated Logic Conference (FLoC 2022), 2022

Tuple-Generating Dependencies Capture Complex Values (Extended Abstract).

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on the Resurgence of Datalog in Academia and Industry (Datalog-2.0 2022) co-located with the 16th International Conference on Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning (LPNMR 2022), 2022

NEXAS: A Visual Tool for Navigating and Exploring Argumentation Solution Spaces.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the Computational Models of Argument, 2022

Answering Queries with Negation over Existential Rules.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Stefan Ellmauthaler

Stephan Mennicke

Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2022

Expressivity of Planning with Horn Description Logic Ontologies.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2022

2021

Partially Ordered Automata and Piecewise Testability.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Log. Methods Comput. Sci., 2021

Capturing Homomorphism-Closed Decidable Queries with Existential Rules.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, 2021

A Datalog Hammer for Supervisor Verification Conditions Modulo Simple Linear Arithmetic.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the Frontiers of Combining Systems - 13th International Symposium, 2021

2020

Reasoner = Logical Calculus + Rule Engine.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Künstliche Intell., 2020

Computing Cores for Existential Rules with the Standard Chase and ASP.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, 2020

Rewriting the Description Logic ALCHIQ to Disjunctive Existential Rules.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2020

Rewriting ALCHIQ to Disjunctive Existential Rules (Extended Abstract).

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the 33rd International Workshop on Description Logics (DL 2020) co-located with the 17th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR 2020), 2020

2019

VLog: A Rule Engine for Knowledge Graphs.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the Semantic Web - ISWC 2019, 2019

Chasing Sets: How to Use Existential Rules for Expressive Reasoning.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2019

Too Much Information: Can AI Cope with Modern Knowledge Graphs?

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the Formal Concept Analysis - 15th International Conference, 2019

The Power of the Terminating Chase (Invited Talk).

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Database Theory, 2019

Chasing Sets: How to Use Existential Rules for Expressive Reasoning (Extended Abstract).

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the 32nd International Workshop on Description Logics, 2019

The Combined Approach to Query Answering in Horn-ALCHOIQ (Extended Abstract).

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the 32nd International Workshop on Description Logics, 2019

Temporally Attributed Description Logics.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Ana Ozaki

Proceedings of the Description Logic, Theory Combination, and All That, 2019

2018

Practical Linked Data Access via SPARQL: The Case of Wikidata.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Adrian Bielefeldt

Julius Gonsior

Proceedings of the Workshop on Linked Data on the Web co-located with The Web Conference 2018, 2018

Deciding Universality of ptNFAs is PSpace-Complete.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the SOFSEM 2018: Theory and Practice of Computer Science - 44th International Conference on Current Trends in Theory and Practice of Computer Science, Krems, Austria, January 29, 2018

Getting the Most Out of Wikidata: Semantic Technology Usage in Wikipedia's Knowledge Graph.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the Semantic Web - ISWC 2018, 2018

The Combined Approach to Query Answering in Horn-ALCHOIQ.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning: Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Conference, 2018

Attributed Description Logics: Reasoning on Knowledge Graphs.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2018

Preserving Constraints with the Stable Chase.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Database Theory, 2018

Efficient Model Construction for Horn Logic with VLog: Extended Abstract.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the 31st International Workshop on Description Logics co-located with 16th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR 2018), Tempe, Arizona, US, October 27th - to, 2018

Happy Ever After: Temporally Attributed Description Logics.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Ana Ozaki

Tractable Query Answering for DL Ontologies and Existential Rules: Extended Abstract.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Efficient Model Construction for Horn Logic with VLog - System Description.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the Automated Reasoning - 9th International Joint Conference, 2018

2017

Complexity of universality and related problems for partially ordered NFAs.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Michaël Thomazo

Inf. Comput., 2017

Universality of Confluent, Self-Loop Deterministic Partially Ordered NFAs is Hard.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

CoRR, 2017

Attributed Description Logics: Ontologies for Knowledge Graphs.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the Semantic Web - ISWC 2017, 2017

Tractable Query Answering for Expressive Ontologies and Existential Rules.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the Semantic Web - ISWC 2017, 2017

SQID: Towards Ontological Reasoning for Wikidata.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the ISWC 2017 Posters & Demonstrations and Industry Tracks co-located with 16th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2017), Vienna, Austria, October 23rd - to, 2017

Restricted Chase (Non)Termination for Existential Rules with Disjunctions.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2017

Logic on MARS: Ontologies for Generalised Property Graphs.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Veronika Thost

Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2017

Reasoning with Attributed Description Logics.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the 30th International Workshop on Description Logics, 2017

Ontologies for Knowledge Graphs?

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the 30th International Workshop on Description Logics, 2017

2016

Editorial.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Gerhard Weikum

J. Web Semant., 2016

Is Your Database System a Semantic Web Reasoner?

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Künstliche Intell., 2016

VLog: A Column-Oriented Datalog System for Large Knowledge Graphs.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Ceriel J. H. Jacobs

Proceedings of the ISWC 2016 Posters & Demonstrations Track co-located with 15th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2016), 2016

Ontologies for Knowledge Graphs: Breaking the Rules.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Veronika Thost

Proceedings of the Semantic Web - ISWC 2016, 2016

On the Complexity of Universality for Partially Ordered NFAs.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Michaël Thomazo

Proceedings of the 41st International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science, 2016

Column-Oriented Datalog Materialization for Large Knowledge Graphs.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Ceriel J. H. Jacobs

Proceedings of the Thirtieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2016

2015

A closer look at the semantic relationship between Datalog and description logics.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Peter H. Schmitt

Semantic Web, 2015

Column-Oriented Datalog Materialization for Large Knowledge Graphs (Extended Technical Report).

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Ceriel J. H. Jacobs

CoRR, 2015

Reifying RDF: What Works Well With Wikidata?

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Daniel Hernández

Aidan Hogan

Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Scalable Semantic Web Knowledge Base Systems co-located with 14th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2015), 2015

Reasonable Highly Expressive Query Languages - IJCAI-15 Distinguished Paper (Honorary Mention).

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Pierre Bourhis

Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2015

Schema-Agnostic Query Rewriting for OWL QL.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the 28th International Workshop on Description Logics, 2015

2014

The Incredible ELK - From Polynomial Procedures to Efficient Reasoning with ℰℒ Ontologies.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

J. Autom. Reason., 2014

The Complexity of Answering Conjunctive and Navigational Queries over OWL 2 EL Knowledge Bases.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

J. Artif. Intell. Res., 2014

Description Logics.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

IEEE Intell. Syst., 2014

Query Containment for Highly Expressive Datalog Fragments.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Pierre Bourhis

CoRR, 2014

Wikidata: a free collaborative knowledgebase.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Commun. ACM, 2014

A rule-based ontological framework for the classification of molecules.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

J. Biomed. Semant., 2014

Introducing Wikidata to the Linked Data Web.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the Semantic Web - ISWC 2014, 2014

Schema-Agnostic Query Rewriting in SPARQL 1.1.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the Semantic Web - ISWC 2014, 2014

P ≠ P - Why Some Reasoning Problems Are More Tractable Than Others.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the Web Reasoning and Rule Systems - 8th International Conference, 2014

Nominal Schemas in Description Logics: Complexities Clarified.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning: Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Conference, 2014

Complexities of Nominal Schemas.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the Informal Proceedings of the 27th International Workshop on Description Logics, 2014

How to Best Nest Regular Path Queries.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Pierre Bourhis

Proceedings of the Informal Proceedings of the 27th International Workshop on Description Logics, 2014

2013

Complexities of Horn Description Logics.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

ACM Trans. Comput. Log., 2013

Order matters! Harnessing a world of orderings for reasoning over massive data.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Semantic Web, 2013

Acyclicity Notions for Existential Rules and Their Application to Query Answering in Ontologies.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

J. Artif. Intell. Res., 2013

Flag & check: data access with monadically defined queries.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the 32nd ACM SIGMOD-SIGACT-SIGART Symposium on Principles of Database Systems, 2013

Concrete Results on Abstract Rules.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning, 2013

Computing Stable Models for Nonmonotonic Existential Rules.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the IJCAI 2013, 2013

Nonmonotonic Existential Rules for Non-Tree-Shaped Ontological Modelling.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the Informal Proceedings of the 26th International Workshop on Description Logics, Ulm, Germany, July 23, 2013

2012

Type-elimination-based reasoning for the description logic SHIQbs using decision diagrams and disjunctive datalog

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Log. Methods Comput. Sci., 2012

A Description Logic Primer

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

CoRR, 2012

OWL: Yet to arrive on the Web of Data?

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the WWW2012 Workshop on Linked Data on the Web, 2012

The Not-So-Easy Task of Computing Class Subsumptions in OWL RL.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the Semantic Web - ISWC 2012, 2012

OWL 2 Profiles: An Introduction to Lightweight Ontology Languages.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the Reasoning Web. Semantic Technologies for Advanced Query Answering, 2012

ELK Reasoner: Architecture and Evaluation.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on OWL Reasoner Evaluation (ORE-2012), 2012

Practical Reasoning with Nominals in the EL Family of Description Logics.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Markus Kroetzsch

Proceedings of the Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning: Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Conference, 2012

Acyclicity Conditions and their Application to Query Answering in Description Logics.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning: Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Conference, 2012

2011

Shortipedia aggregating and curating Semantic Web data.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

J. Web Semant., 2011

A better uncle for OWL: nominal schemas for integrating rules and ontologies.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on World Wide Web, 2011

ShareAlike Your Data: Self-referential Usage Policies for the Semantic Web.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Sebastian Speiser

Proceedings of the Semantic Web - ISWC 2011, 2011

Concurrent Classification of EL Ontologies.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the Semantic Web - ISWC 2011, 2011

Extending Decidable Existential Rules by Joining Acyclicity and Guardedness.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the IJCAI 2011, 2011

Efficient Rule-Based Inferencing for OWL EL.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the IJCAI 2011, 2011

Fixed Parameter Tractable Reasoning in DLs via Decomposition.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Boris Motik

Proceedings of the 24th International Workshop on Description Logics (DL 2011), 2011

Nominal Schemas for Integrating Rules and Description Logics.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the 24th International Workshop on Description Logics (DL 2011), 2011

Unchain My EL Reasoner.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the 24th International Workshop on Description Logics (DL 2011), 2011

Semantic MediaWiki.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the Foundations for the Web of Information and Services, 2011

2010

Description Logic Rules

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Studies on the Semantic Web 8, IOS Press, ISBN: 978-1-61499-342-1-, 2010

Description logic rules.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

PhD thesis, 2010

SPARQL beyond Subgraph Matching.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Birte Glimm

Proceedings of the Semantic Web - ISWC 2010 - 9th International Semantic Web Conference, 2010

On the Semantic Relationship between Datalog and Description Logics.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Peter H. Schmitt

Proceedings of the Web Reasoning and Rule Systems - Fourth International Conference, 2010

Efficient Inferencing for OWL EL.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the Logics in Artificial Intelligence - 12th European Conference, 2010

Orel: Database-Driven Reasoning for OWL 2 Profiles.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Anees Mehdi

Proceedings of the 23rd International Workshop on Description Logics (DL 2010), 2010

Foundations of Semantic Web Technologies

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Chapman and Hall/CRC Press, ISBN: 9781420090505, 2010

2009

Semantic Wikipedia.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the Social Semantic Web: Web 2.0 - Was nun?, 2009

Die zwei Kulturen.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the Social Semantic Web: Web 2.0 - Was nun?, 2009

A Matter of Principles: Towards the Largest DLP Possible.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the 22nd International Workshop on Description Logics (DL 2009), 2009

Semantic MediaWiki.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the Semantic Knowledge Management, 2009

2008

Social Web and Knowledge Management.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the Weaving Services and People on the World Wide Web, 2008

Workshop on social web and knowledge management (SWKM2008).

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on World Wide Web, 2008

Description Logic Reasoning with Decision Diagrams: Compiling SHIQ to Disjunctive Datalog.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the Semantic Web - ISWC 2008, 7th International Semantic Web Conference, 2008

ELP: Tractable Rules for OWL 2.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the Semantic Web - ISWC 2008, 7th International Semantic Web Conference, 2008

Approximate OWL-Reasoning with Screech.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Tuvshintur Tserendorj

Proceedings of the Web Reasoning and Rule Systems, Second International Conference, 2008

Cheap Boolean Role Constructors for Description Logics.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the Logics in Artificial Intelligence, 11th European Conference, 2008

Description Logic Rules.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the ECAI 2008, 2008

All Elephants are Bigger than All Mice.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the 21st International Workshop on Description Logics (DL2008), 2008

Approximate OWL Instance Retrieval with SCREECH.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Tuvshintur Tserendorj

Proceedings of the Logic and Probability for Scene Interpretation, 24.02. - 29.02.2008, 2008

Terminological Reasoning in SHIQ with Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the Twenty-Third AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2008

2007

The two cultures: mashing up web 2.0 and the semantic web.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on World Wide Web, 2007

Conjunctive Queries for a Tractable Fragment of OWL 1.1.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the Semantic Web, 2007

Reasoning in Semantic Wikis.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Sebastian Schaffert

Proceedings of the Reasoning Web, 2007

Efficient OWL Reasoning with Logic Programs - Evaluations.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the Web Reasoning and Rule Systems, First International Conference, 2007

Quo Vadis, CS? - On the (non)-Impact of Conceptual Structures on the Semantic Web.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the Conceptual Structures: Knowledge Architectures for Smart Applications, 2007

Conjunctive Queries for EL with Composition of Roles.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the 2007 International Workshop on Description Logics (DL2007), 2007

Complexity Boundaries for Horn Description Logics.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the Twenty-Second AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2007

2006

Generalized ultrametric spaces in quantitative domain theory.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Theor. Comput. Sci., 2006

A Categorical View on Algebraic Lattices in Formal Concept Analysis.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Guo-Qiang Zhang

Fundam. Informaticae, 2006

Semantic Wikipedia.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the 15th international conference on World Wide Web, 2006

Semantic Wikipedia.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the 2006 International Symposium on Wikis, 2006

Reusing Ontological Background Knowledge in Semantic Wikis.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the SemWiki2006, First Workshop on Semantic Wikis, 2006

Semantic MediaWiki.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Max Völkel

Proceedings of the Semantic Web - ISWC 2006, 5th International Semantic Web Conference, 2006

How to reason with OWL in a logic programming system.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the Rules and Rule Markup Languages for the Semantic Web, 2006

On the Complexity of Horn Description Logics.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the OWLED*06 Workshop on OWL: Experiences and Directions, 2006

The Tensor Product as a Lattice of Regular Galois Connections.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Grit Malik

Proceedings of the Formal Concept Analysis, 4th International Conference, 2006

Querying Formal Contexts with Answer Set Programs.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the Conceptual Structures: Inspiration and Application, 2006

Formalizing Ontology Alignment and its Operations with Category Theory.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the Formal Ontology in Information Systems, 2006

2005

DLP Is Not So Bad After All.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]

Proceedings of the OWLED*05 Workshop on OWL: Experiences and Directions, 2005

Morphisms in Context.

[BibT_eX]

[DOI]