Alfons G. Hoekstra

According to our database, Alfons G. Hoekstra authored at least 91 papers between 1994 and 2024.

Collaborative distances:

• Dijkstra number of four.
• Erdős number of four.

2024

Data-driven reduced-order modelling for blood flow simulations with geometry-informed snapshots.

Dongwei Ye, Valeria V. Krzhizhanovskaya, Alfons G. Hoekstra

J. Comput. Phys., January, 2024

2023

Exploring the potential impact of multi-factor precision interventions in Alzheimer's disease with system dynamics.

Jeroen F. Uleman, René J. F. Melis, Alfons G. Hoekstra, Marcel G. M. Olde Rikkert, Rick Quax

J. Biomed. Informatics, September, 2023

Image-based flow simulation of platelet aggregates under different shear rates.

Yue Hao, Gábor Závodszky, Claudia Tersteeg, Mojtaba Barzegari, Alfons G. Hoekstra

PLoS Comput. Biol., 2023

In silico thrombectomy trials for acute ischemic stroke.

Claire Miller, Praneeta Konduri, Sara Bridio, Giulia Luraghi, Nerea Arrarte Terreros, Nikki Boodt, Noor Samuels, José F. Rodríguez Matas, Francesco Migliavacca, Hester Lingsma, Aad van der Lugt, Yvo B. W. E. M. Roos, Diederik W. J. Dippel, Henk A. Marquering, Charles B. L. M. Majoie, Alfons G. Hoekstra

Comput. Methods Programs Biomed., 2023

2022

Building a Fine-Grained Analytical Performance Model for Complex Scientific Simulations.

Jelle van Dijk, Gábor Závodszky, Ana Lucia Varbanescu, Andy D. Pimentel, Alfons G. Hoekstra

Proceedings of the Parallel Processing and Applied Mathematics, 2022

2021

Non-intrusive and semi-intrusive uncertainty quantification of a multiscale in-stent restenosis model.

Dongwei Ye, Anna Nikishova, Lourens E. Veen, Pavel Zun, Alfons G. Hoekstra

Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf., 2021

Tutorial applications for Verification, Validation and Uncertainty Quantification using VECMA toolkit.

Diana Suleimenova, Hamid Arabnejad, Wouter Edeling, David Coster, Onnie O. Luk, Jalal Lakhlili, Vytautas Jancauskas, Michal Kulczewski, Lourens E. Veen, Dongwei Ye, Pavel Zun, Valeria V. Krzhizhanovskaya, Alfons G. Hoekstra, Daan Crommelin, Peter V. Coveney, Derek Groen

J. Comput. Sci., 2021

Uncertainty quantification of a 3D In-Stent Restenosis model with surrogate modelling.

Dongwei Ye, Pavel Zun, Valeria V. Krzhizhanovskaya, Alfons G. Hoekstra

CoRR, 2021

In silico trials for treatment of acute ischemic stroke: Design and implementation.

Claire Miller, Raymond M. Padmos, Max van der Kolk, Tamás I. Józsa, Noor Samuels, Yidan Xue, Stephen J. Payne, Alfons G. Hoekstra

Comput. Biol. Medicine, 2021

Two-Way Coupling Between 1D Blood Flow and 3D Tissue Perfusion Models.

Raymond M. Padmos, Tamás I. Józsa, Wahbi K. El-Bouri, Gábor Závodszky, Stephen J. Payne, Alfons G. Hoekstra

Proceedings of the Computational Science - ICCS 2021, 2021

Uncertainty Quantification of Coupled 1D Arterial Blood Flow and 3D Tissue Perfusion Models Using the INSIST Framework.

Claire Miller, Max van der Kolk, Raymond M. Padmos, Tamás I. Józsa, Alfons G. Hoekstra

Proceedings of the Computational Science - ICCS 2021, 2021

des-ist: A Simulation Framework to Streamline Event-Based In Silico Trials.

Max van der Kolk, Claire Miller, Raymond M. Padmos, Victor Azizi, Alfons G. Hoekstra

Proceedings of the Computational Science - ICCS 2021, 2021

2020

The influence of red blood cell deformability on hematocrit profiles and platelet margination.

Benjamin Czaja, Mario Gutierrez, Gábor Závodszky, David de Kanter, Alfons G. Hoekstra, Omolola Eniola-Adefeso

PLoS Comput. Biol., 2020

Sensitivity analysis based dimension reduction of multiscale models.

Anna Nikishova, Giovanni E. Comi, Alfons G. Hoekstra

Math. Comput. Simul., 2020

Easing Multiscale Model Design and Coupling with MUSCLE 3.

Lourens E. Veen, Alfons G. Hoekstra

Proceedings of the Computational Science - ICCS 2020, 2020

A Heterogeneous Multi-scale Model for Blood Flow.

Benjamin Czaja, Gábor Závodszky, Alfons G. Hoekstra

Proceedings of the Computational Science - ICCS 2020, 2020

2019

Towards Heterogeneous Multi-scale Computing on Large Scale Parallel Supercomputers.

Saad Alowayyed, Maxime Vassaux, Benjamin Czaja, Peter V. Coveney, Alfons G. Hoekstra

Supercomput. Front. Innov., 2019

Semi-intrusive uncertainty propagation for multiscale models.

Anna Nikishova, Alfons G. Hoekstra

J. Comput. Sci., 2019

Patterns for High Performance Multiscale Computing.

Saad Alowayyed, Tomasz Piontek, James L. Suter, Olivier Hoenen, Derek Groen, Onnie Luk, Bartosz Bosak, Piotr Kopta, Krzysztof Kurowski, Oliver Perks, Keeran Brabazon, Vytautas Jancauskas, David Coster, Peter V. Coveney, Alfons G. Hoekstra

Future Gener. Comput. Syst., 2019

Optimizing Parallel Performance of the Cell Based Blood Flow Simulation Software HemoCell.

Victor Azizi Tarksalooyeh, Gábor Závodszky, Alfons G. Hoekstra

Proceedings of the Computational Science - ICCS 2019, 2019

2018

The Virtual Physiological Human Conference 2016.

Alfons G. Hoekstra, Frans N. van de Vosse, Oliver Röhrle

J. Comput. Sci., 2018

Load balancing of parallel cell-based blood flow simulations.

Saad Alowayyed, Gábor Závodszky, Victor Azizi, Alfons G. Hoekstra

J. Comput. Sci., 2018

How will Your Digital Twin be Born?

Gábor Závodszky, Alfons G. Hoekstra

ERCIM News, 2018

Information Processing Features Can Detect Behavioral Regimes of Dynamical Systems.

Rick Quax, Gregor Chliamovitch, Alexandre Dupuis, Jean-Luc Falcone, Bastien Chopard, Alfons G. Hoekstra, Peter M. A. Sloot

Complex., 2018

2017

Multiscale computing in the exascale era.

Saad Alowayyed, Derek Groen, Peter V. Coveney, Alfons G. Hoekstra

J. Comput. Sci., 2017

Uncertainty quantification and sensitivity analysis applied to the wind wave model SWAN.

Anna Nikishova, Anna V. Kaluzhnaya, Alexander Boukhanovsky, Alfons G. Hoekstra

Environ. Model. Softw., 2017

Hemocell: a high-performance microscopic cellular library.

Gábor Závodszky, Britt van Rooij, Victor Azizi, Saad Alowayyed, Alfons G. Hoekstra

Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Science, 2017

Multiscale Modelling and Simulation, 14th International Workshop.

Derek Groen, Bartosz Bosak, Valeria V. Krzhizhanovskaya, Alfons G. Hoekstra, Petros Koumoutsakos

Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Science, 2017

2016

Partitioning of Arterial Tree for Parallel Decomposition of Hemodynamic Calculations.

Andrew I. Svitenkov, Pavel Zun, Oleg Rekin, Alfons G. Hoekstra

Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Science 2016, 2016

Multiscale Modelling and Simulation, 13th International Workshop.

Derek Groen, Valeria V. Krzhizhanovskaya, Bartosz Bosak, Timothy D. Scheibe, Alfons G. Hoekstra

Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Science 2016, 2016

2015

Parallel performance of an IB-LBM suspension simulation framework.

Lampros Mountrakis, Eric Lorenz, Orestis Malaspinas, Saad Alowayyed, Bastien Chopard, Alfons G. Hoekstra

J. Comput. Sci., 2015

Information geometric analysis of phase transitions in complex patterns: the case of the Gray-Scott reaction-diffusion model.

Omri Har-Shemesh, Rick Quax, Alfons G. Hoekstra, Peter M. A. Sloot

CoRR, 2015

Fluid Simulations with Atomistic Resolution: Multiscale Model with Account of Nonlocal Momentum Transfer.

Andrew I. Svitenkov, Sergey A. Chivilikhin, Alfons G. Hoekstra, Alexander Boukhanovsky

Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Science, 2015

Multiscale Modelling and Simulation Workshop: 12 Years of Inspiration.

Valeria V. Krzhizhanovskaya, Derek Groen, B. Bozak, Alfons G. Hoekstra

Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Science, 2015

2014

Distributed multiscale computing with MUSCLE 2, the Multiscale Coupling Library and Environment.

Joris Borgdorff, Mariusz Mamonski, Bartosz Bosak, Krzysztof Kurowski, Mohamed Ben Belgacem, Bastien Chopard, Derek Groen, Peter V. Coveney, Alfons G. Hoekstra

J. Comput. Sci., 2014

2013

Foundations of distributed multiscale computing: Formalization, specification, and analysis.

Joris Borgdorff, Jean-Luc Falcone, Eric Lorenz, Carles Bona-Casas, Bastien Chopard, Alfons G. Hoekstra

J. Parallel Distributed Comput., 2013

Multiscale Computing with the Multiscale Modeling Library and Runtime Environment.

Joris Borgdorff, Mariusz Mamonski, Bartosz Bosak, Derek Groen, Mohamed Ben Belgacem, Krzysztof Kurowski, Alfons G. Hoekstra

Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Science, 2013

2012

A Distributed Multiscale Computation of a Tightly Coupled Model Using the Multiscale Modeling Language.

Joris Borgdorff, Carles Bona-Casas, Mariusz Mamonski, Krzysztof Kurowski, Tomasz Piontek, Bartosz Bosak, Katarzyna Rycerz, Eryk Ciepiela, Tomasz Gubala, Daniel Harezlak, Marian Bubak, Eric Lorenz, Alfons G. Hoekstra

Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Science, 2012

Flexible composition and execution of high performance, high fidelity multiscale biomedical simulations

Derek Groen, Joris Borgdorff, Carles Bona-Casas, James Hetherington, Rupert W. Nash, Stefan J. Zasada, Ilya Saverchenko, Mariusz Mamonski, Krzysztof Kurowski, Miguel O. Bernabeu, Alfons G. Hoekstra, Peter V. Coveney

CoRR, 2012

2011

Heterogeneous Multiscale Simulations of Suspension Flow.

Eric Lorenz, Alfons G. Hoekstra

Multiscale Model. Simul., 2011

A Complex Automata approach for in-stent restenosis: Two-dimensional multiscale modelling and simulations.

Alfonso Caiazzo, David Evans, Jean-Luc Falcone, Jan Hegewald, Eric Lorenz, Bernd Stahl, Dinan Wang, Jörg Bernsdorf, Bastien Chopard, Julian Gunn, D. Rodney Hose, Manfred Krafczyk, Patricia V. Lawford, Rod H. Smallwood, Dawn Walker, Alfons G. Hoekstra

J. Comput. Sci., 2011

Cellular Automata Simulations on a FPGA cluster.

S. Murtaza, Alfons G. Hoekstra, Peter M. A. Sloot

Int. J. High Perform. Comput. Appl., 2011

A Framework for Multiscale and Multiscience Modeling and Numerical Simulations.

Bastien Chopard, Jean-Luc Falcone, Alfons G. Hoekstra, Joris Borgdorff

Proceedings of the Unconventional Computation - 10th International Conference, 2011

A Principled Approach to Distributed Multiscale Computing, from Formalization to Execution.

Joris Borgdorff, Eric Lorenz, Alfons G. Hoekstra, Jean-Luc Falcone, Bastien Chopard

Proceedings of the IEEE 7th International Conference on E-Science, 2011

Towards Distributed Multiscale Simulation of Biological Processes.

Jörg Bernsdorf, Guntram Berti, Bastien Chopard, Jan Hegewald, Manfred Krafczyk, Dinan Wang, Eric Lorenz, Alfons G. Hoekstra

Proceedings of the IEEE 7th International Conference on E-Science, 2011

2010

The influence of mitoses rate on growth dynamics of a cellular automata model of tumour growth.

Lev Naumov, Alfons G. Hoekstra, Peter M. A. Sloot

Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Science, 2010

MML: towards a Multiscale Modeling Language.

Jean-Luc Falcone, Bastien Chopard, Alfons G. Hoekstra

Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Science, 2010

Mesoscopic methods in engineering and science.

Alfons G. Hoekstra, Li-Shi Luo, Manfred Krafczyk

Comput. Math. Appl., 2010

Multi-scale modelling in computational biomedicine.

Peter M. A. Sloot, Alfons G. Hoekstra

Briefings Bioinform., 2010

Introduction to Modeling of Complex Systems Using Cellular Automata.

Alfons G. Hoekstra, Jirí Kroc, Peter M. A. Sloot

Proceedings of the Simulating Complex Systems by Cellular Automata, 2010

Complex Automata: Multi-scale Modeling with Coupled Cellular Automata.

Alfons G. Hoekstra, Alfonso Caiazzo, Eric Lorenz, Jean-Luc Falcone, Bastien Chopard

Proceedings of the Simulating Complex Systems by Cellular Automata, 2010

2009

Compute Bound and I/O Bound Cellular Automata Simulations on FPGA Logic.

S. Murtaza, Alfons G. Hoekstra, Peter M. A. Sloot

ACM Trans. Reconfigurable Technol. Syst., 2009

Towards a Complex Automata Multiscale Model of In-Stent Restenosis.

Alfonso Caiazzo, David Evans, Jean-Luc Falcone, Jan Hegewald, Eric Lorenz, Bernd Stahl, Dinan Wang, Jörg Bernsdorf, Bastien Chopard, Julian Gunn, D. Rodney Hose, Manfred Krafczyk, Patricia V. Lawford, Rod H. Smallwood, Dawn Walker, Alfons G. Hoekstra

Proceedings of the Computational Science, 2009

2008

Performance evaluation of a parallel sparse lattice Boltzmann solver.

Lilit Axner, Jörg Bernsdorf, Thomas Zeiser, Peter Lammers, Jan Linxweiler, Alfons G. Hoekstra

J. Comput. Phys., 2008

Floating point based Cellular Automata simulations using a dual FPGA-enabled system.

S. Murtaza, Alfons G. Hoekstra, Peter M. A. Sloot

Proceedings of the 2008 Second International Workshop on High-Performance Reconfigurable Computing Technology and Applications, 2008

Simulation of Multiphysics Multiscale Systems, 5th International Workshop.

Valeria V. Krzhizhanovskaya, Alfons G. Hoekstra

Proceedings of the Computational Science, 2008

An Agent-Based Coupling Platform for Complex Automata.

Jan Hegewald, Manfred Krafczyk, Jonas Tölke, Alfons G. Hoekstra, Bastien Chopard

Proceedings of the Computational Science, 2008

Scale-Splitting Error in Complex Automata Models for Reaction-Diffusion Systems.

Alfonso Caiazzo, Jean-Luc Falcone, Bastien Chopard, Alfons G. Hoekstra

Proceedings of the Computational Science, 2008

Multi-scale Modeling with Cellular Automata: The Complex Automata Approach.

Alfons G. Hoekstra, Jean-Luc Falcone, Alfonso Caiazzo, Bastien Chopard

Proceedings of the Cellular Automata, 2008

On the Collision-Propagation and Gather-Update Formulations of a Cellular Automata Rule.

Bastien Chopard, Jean-Luc Falcone, Ranaivo Mahaleo Razakanirina, Alfons G. Hoekstra, Alfonso Caiazzo

Proceedings of the Cellular Automata, 2008

Error Investigations in Complex Automata Models for Reaction-Diffusion Systems.

Alfonso Caiazzo, Jean-Luc Falcone, Bastien Chopard, Alfons G. Hoekstra

Proceedings of the Cellular Automata, 2008

2007

Modeling Dynamic Systems with Cellular Automata.

Alfons G. Hoekstra, Peter M. A. Sloot

Proceedings of the Handbook of Dynamic System Modeling., 2007

Towards Distributed Petascale Computing

Alfons G. Hoekstra, Simon Portegies Zwart, Marian Bubak, Peter M. A. Sloot

CoRR, 2007

Towards a Complex Automata Framework for Multi-scale Modeling: Formalism and the Scale Separation Map.

Alfons G. Hoekstra, Eric Lorenz, Jean-Luc Falcone, Bastien Chopard

Proceedings of the Computational Science, 2007

Performance Modeling of 2D Cellular Automata on FPGA.

S. Murtaza, Alfons G. Hoekstra, Peter M. A. Sloot

Proceedings of the FPL 2007, 2007

2006

Problem-Solving Environments for Biological Morphogenesis.

Roeland Merks, Alfons G. Hoekstra, Jaap A. Kaandorp, Peter M. A. Sloot, Paulien Hogeweg

Comput. Sci. Eng., 2006

2005

A Problem Solving Environment for Image-Based Computational Hemodynamics.

Lilit Abrahamyan, Jorrit A. Schaap, Alfons G. Hoekstra, Denis P. Shamonin, Frieke M. A. Box, Rob J. van der Geest, Johan H. C. Reiber, Peter M. A. Sloot

Proceedings of the Computational Science, 2005

Introducing Grid Speedup G: A Scalability Metric for Parallel Applications on the Grid.

Alfons G. Hoekstra, Peter M. A. Sloot

Proceedings of the Advances in Grid Computing, 2005

2004

An integrative approach to high-performance biomedical problem solving environments on the Grid.

Alfredo Tirado-Ramos, Peter M. A. Sloot, Alfons G. Hoekstra, Marian Bubak

Parallel Comput., 2004

Unsteady flow in a 2D elastic tube with the LBGK method.

Alfons G. Hoekstra, Jos van't Hoff, Abdel Monim Artoli, Peter M. A. Sloot

Future Gener. Comput. Syst., 2004

Computational science of lattice Boltzmann modelling.

Bastien Chopard, Alfons G. Hoekstra

Future Gener. Comput. Syst., 2004

Lattice BGK simulations of flow in a symmetric bifurcation.

Abdel Monim Artoli, Drona Kandhai, Huub C. J. Hoefsloot, Alfons G. Hoekstra, Peter M. A. Sloot

Future Gener. Comput. Syst., 2004

Accuracy versus Performance in Lattice Boltzmann BGK Simulations of Systolic Flows.

Abdel Monim Artoli, Lilit Abrahamyan, Alfons G. Hoekstra

Proceedings of the Computational Science, 2004

An interactive Grid for non-invasive vascular reconstruction.

Peter M. A. Sloot, Alfredo Tirado-Ramos, Alfons G. Hoekstra, Marian Bubak

Proceedings of the 4th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid (CCGrid 2004), 2004

2003

A Problem Solving Environment for Modelling Stony Coral Morphogenesis.

Roeland Merks, Alfons G. Hoekstra, Jaap A. Kaandorp, Peter M. A. Sloot

Proceedings of the Computational Science - ICCS 2003, 2003

Lattice BGK Simulations of Unsteady Flow in a 2D Elastic Tube.

Alfons G. Hoekstra, Jos van't Hoff, Abdel Monim Artoli, Peter M. A. Sloot

Proceedings of the Computational Science - ICCS 2003, 2003

Lattice Boltzmann, a Robust and Accurate Solver for Interactive Computational Hemodynamics.

Abdel Monim Artoli, Drona Kandhai, Huub C. J. Hoefsloot, Alfons G. Hoekstra, Peter M. A. Sloot

Proceedings of the Computational Science - ICCS 2003, 2003

2002

Spontaneous Branching in a Polyp Oriented Model of Stony Coral Growth.

Roeland Merks, Alfons G. Hoekstra, Jaap A. Kaandorp, Peter M. A. Sloot

Proceedings of the Computational Science - ICCS 2002, 2002

Accuracy of 2D Pulsatile Flow in the Lattice Boltzmann BGK Method.

Abdel Monim Artoli, Alfons G. Hoekstra, Peter M. A. Sloot

Proceedings of the Computational Science - ICCS 2002, 2002

2001

Iterative momentum relaxation for fast lattice-Boltzmann simulations.

Drona Kandhai, Antti Koponen, Alfons G. Hoekstra, Peter M. A. Sloot

Future Gener. Comput. Syst., 2001

Cellular Automata as a Mesoscopic Approach to Model and Simulate Complex Systems.

Peter M. A. Sloot, Alfons G. Hoekstra

Proceedings of the Computational Science - ICCS 2001, 2001

2000

The Distributed ASCI Supercomputer Project.

Henri E. Bal, Raoul Bhoedjang, Rutger F. H. Hofman, Ceriel J. H. Jacobs, Thilo Kielmann, Jason Maassen, Rob van Nieuwpoort, John Romain, Luc Renambot, Tim Rühl, Ronald Veldema, Kees Verstoep, Aline Baggio, Gerco Ballintijn, Ihor Kuz, Guillaume Pierre, Maarten van Steen, Andrew S. Tanenbaum, Gerben Doornbos, Desmond Germans, Hans J. W. Spoelder, Evert Jan Baerends, Stan J. A. van Gisbergen, Hamid Afsermanseh, G. Dick van Albada, Adam Belloum, David Dubbeldam, Zeger W. Hendrikse, Louis O. Hertzberger, Alfons G. Hoekstra, Kamil Iskra, Drona Kandhai, Dennis C. Koelma, Frank van der Linden, Benno J. Overeinder, Peter M. A. Sloot, Piero Spinnato, Dick H. J. Epema, Arjan J. C. van Gemund, Pieter P. Jonker, Andrei Radulescu, Kees van Reeuwijk, Henk J. Sips, Peter M. W. Knijnenburg, Michael S. Lew, Floris Sluiter, Lex Wolters, Hans Blom, Cees de Laat

ACM SIGOPS Oper. Syst. Rev., 2000

1999

Distributed Simulation with Cellular Automata: Architecture and Applications.

Peter M. A. Sloot, Jaap A. Kaandorp, Alfons G. Hoekstra, Benno J. Overeinder

Proceedings of the SOFSEM '99, Theory and Practice of Informatics, 26th Conference on Current Trends in Theory and Practice of Informatics, Milovy, Czech Republic, November 27, 1999

Computational Aspects of Multi-Species Lattice-Gas Automata.

David Dubbeldam, Alfons G. Hoekstra, Peter M. A. Sloot

Proceedings of the High-Performance Computing and Networking, 7th International Conference, 1999

1998

High Performance Computing and Networking Europe 1997.

Alfons G. Hoekstra, Arndt Bode

Future Gener. Comput. Syst., 1998

Memory Efficiency of Parallel Programs and Memory Bounded Speedup.

M. A. Kartawidjaja, Alfons G. Hoekstra

Proceedings of the High-Performance Computing and Networking, 1998

Parallel Latice-Boltzmann Simulation of Fluid Flow in Centrifugal Elutriation Chambers.

Drona Kandhai, David Dubbeldam, Alfons G. Hoekstra, Peter M. A. Sloot

Proceedings of the High-Performance Computing and Networking, 1998

1997

High Performance Discrete Event Simulations to Evaluate Complex Industrial Systems.

Alfons G. Hoekstra, Leo Dorst, Martin Bergman, Jose M. Lagerberg, Arnoud Visser, Hakan Yakali, Frans C. A. Groen, Louis O. Hertzberger

Proceedings of the High-Performance Computing and Networking, 1997

1996

Native and generic parallel programming environments on a transputer and a PowerPC platform.

Alfons G. Hoekstra, Peter M. A. Sloot, Frank van der Linden, M. van Muiswinkel, J. J. J. Vesseur, Louis O. Hertzberger

Concurr. Pract. Exp., 1996

Simulating Light Scattering from Micron-Sized Particles: A Parallel Fast Discrete Dipole Approximation.

Alfons G. Hoekstra, M. D. Grimminck, Peter M. A. Sloot

Proceedings of the High-Performance Computing and Networking, 1996

1994

A Comparison of the Iserver-Occam, Parix, Express, and PVM Programming Environments on a Parsytec GCel.

Peter M. A. Sloot, Alfons G. Hoekstra, Louis O. Hertzberger

Proceedings of the High-Performance Computing and Networking, 1994