Koji Koyamada

According to our database, Koji Koyamada authored at least 103 papers between 1991 and 2024.

Collaborative distances:

• Dijkstra number of four.
• Erdős number of three.

2024

Analysis and Visualization of Discrete Data Using Neural Networks

Koji Koyamada

WorldScientific, ISBN: 9789811283635, 2024

2023

High-precision page information extraction from 3D scanned booklets using physics-informed neural network.

Zhongjiang Han, Jiarui Ou, Koji Koyamada

J. Vis., April, 2023

2021

A Visual Analytics Approach for Ecosystem Dynamics based on Empirical Dynamic Modeling.

Hiroaki Natsukawa, Ethan R. Deyle, Gerald M. Pao, Koji Koyamada, George Sugihara

IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph., 2021

Visualization of plasma shape in the LHD-type helical fusion reactor, FFHR, by a deep learning technique.

Kunqi Hu, Koji Koyamada, Hiroaki Ohtani, Takuya Goto, Junichi Miyazawa

J. Vis., 2021

Data-driven derivation of partial differential equations using neural network model.

Koji Koyamada, Yu Long, Takuma Kawamura, Katsumi Konishi

Int. J. Model. Simul. Sci. Comput., 2021

2020

Visual extraction system for insulators on power transmission lines from UAV photographs using support vector machine and color models.

Chi Zhang, Qingwu Gong, Ting Wang, Koji Koyamada

J. Vis., 2020

Visual analytics and prediction system based on deep belief networks for icing monitoring data of overhead power transmission lines.

Chi Zhang, Qingwu Gong, Koji Koyamada

J. Vis., 2020

Study on visualization of cognitive rectifying with conversation documents in psychological counseling.

Yasuo Ebara, Tomoya Uetsuji, Minoru Kamata, Koji Koyamada

Artif. Life Robotics, 2020

Learning of Art Style Using AI and Its Evaluation Based on Psychological Experiments.

Mai Cong Hung, Ryohei Nakatsu, Naoko Tosa, Takashi Kusumi, Koji Koyamada

Proceedings of the Entertainment Computing - ICEC 2020, 2020

2019

Exploration behavior of group-in-a-box layouts.

Yuki Ueno, Hiroaki Natsukawa, Nozomi Aoyama, Koji Koyamada

Vis. Informatics, 2019

User Evaluation of Group-in-a-Box Variants.

Nozomi Aoyama, Yosuke Onoue, Yuki Ueno, Hiroaki Natsukawa, Koji Koyamada

Proceedings of the IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium, 2019

2018

A visual analytics system to support the formation of a hypothesis from calcium wave data.

Kozen Umezawa, Hiroaki Natsukawa, Yosuke Onoue, Koji Koyamada

Vis. Informatics, 2018

Guest Editors' Introduction: Special Section on IEEE PacificVis 2018.

Stefan Bruckner, Koji Koyamada, Bongshin Lee

IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph., 2018

Visualization of JOV abstracts.

Koji Koyamada, Yosuke Onoue, Miki Kioka, Tomoya Uetsuji, Kazutaka Baba

J. Vis., 2018

Development of Visualization System to Analyze Conversation Documents in Psychological Counseling.

Yasuo Ebara, Tomoya Uetsuji, Minoru Kamata, Koji Koyamada

Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Awareness Science and Technology, 2018

Development of an Integrated Visualization System for Phenotypic Character Networks.

Yosuke Onoue, Koji Kyoda, Miki Kioka, Kazutaka Baba, Shuichi Onami, Koji Koyamada

Proceedings of the IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium, 2018

2017

Symposium on visualization in high-performance computing at SIGGRAPH Asia 2015.

Fumiaki Araki, Koji Koyamada

J. Vis., 2017

Layered Graph Drawing for Visualizing Evaluation Structures.

Yosuke Onoue, Nobuyuki Kukimoto, Naohisa Sakamoto, Kazuo Misue, Koji Koyamada

IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 2017

Optimal tree reordering for group-in-a-box graph layouts.

Yosuke Onoue, Koji Koyamada

Proceedings of the SIGGRAPH ASIA 2017, Bangkok, Thailand, November 27 - 30, 2017, 2017

A visual causal exploration framework case study: a torrential rain and a flash flood in Kobe city.

Jorji Nonaka, Naohisa Sakamoto, Yasumitsu Maejima, Kenji Ono, Koji Koyamada

Proceedings of the SIGGRAPH ASIA 2017, Bangkok, Thailand, November 27 - 30, 2017, 2017

Visual analytics of brain effective connectivity using convergent cross mapping.

Hiroaki Natsukawa, Koji Koyamada

Proceedings of the SIGGRAPH ASIA 2017, Bangkok, Thailand, November 27 - 30, 2017, 2017

Development of Integrated Visual Analytic Tool with 3D Visualization.

Hideo Miyachi, Isamu Kuroki, Daisuke Matsuoka, Koji Koyamada

Proceedings of the Advances in Network-Based Information Systems, 2017

Distributed Particle-Based Rendering Framework for Large Data Visualization on HPC Environments.

Jorji Nonaka, Naohisa Sakamoto, Takashi Shimizu, Masahiro Fujita, Kenji Ono, Koji Koyamada

Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on High Performance Computing & Simulation, 2017

Using interactive particle-based rendering to visualize a large-scale time-varying unstructured volume with mixed cell types.

Kun Zhao, Naohisa Sakamoto, Koji Koyamada

Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium, 2017

Quasi-biclique edge concentration: A visual analytics method for biclustering.

Yosuke Onoue, Koji Koyamada

Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium, 2017

2016

Minimizing the Number of Edges via Edge Concentration in Dense Layered Graphs.

Yosuke Onoue, Nobuyuki Kukimoto, Naohisa Sakamoto, Koji Koyamada

IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph., 2016

E-Grid: a visual analytics system for evaluation structures.

Yosuke Onoue, Nobuyuki Kukimoto, Naohisa Sakamoto, Koji Koyamada

J. Vis., 2016

Parallelized fusion visualization system.

Hideo Miyachi, Naohisa Sakamoto, Koji Koyamada

Artif. Life Robotics, 2016

Fusion Visualization System as an Open Science Foundation.

Hideo Miyachi, Koji Koyamada, Daisuke Matsuoka, Isamu Kuroki

Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Network-Based Information Systems, 2016

2015

Big Data Visual Analytics (NII Shonan Meeting 2015-17).

Seok-Hee Hong, Koji Koyamada, Kwan-Liu Ma

NII Shonan Meet. Rep., 2015

Adaptive fused visualization for large-scale blood flow dataset with particle-based rendering.

Kun Zhao, Naohisa Sakamoto, Koji Koyamada

J. Vis., 2015

Voting-based ensemble-averaging visualization for water mass distribution.

Kun Zhao, Satoshi Nakada, Naohisa Sakamoto, Koji Koyamada

J. Vis., 2015

The 1st China Visualization Conference (ChinaVis).

Koji Koyamada, Xiaoru Yuan

J. Vis., 2015

Human-Centered Data Visualization [Guest editors' introduction].

Xiaoru Yuan, Baoquan Chen, Koji Koyamada, Issei Fujishiro

IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 2015

Remote visualization system based on particle based volume rendering.

Takuma Kawamura, Yasuhiro Idomura, Hiroko Miyamura, Hiroshi Takemiya, Naohisa Sakamoto, Koji Koyamada

Proceedings of the Visualization and Data Analysis 2015, 2015

Top computational visualization R&D problems 2015: panel.

Issei Fujishiro, Bing-Yu Chen, Wei Chen, Seok-Hee Hong, Takayuki Itoh, Koji Koyamada, Kenji Ono, Jorji Nonaka

Proceedings of the SIGGRAPH Asia 2015 Visualization in High Performance Computing, 2015

2014

The Visualization Workshop 2013.

Koji Koyamada, Xiaoru Yuan

J. Vis., 2014

Fusion visualization for fluid dynamics in blood vessel.

Hideo Miyachi, Tomoyuki Ishida, Naohisa Sakamoto, Koji Koyamada

Artif. Life Robotics, 2014

Applying Fusion Visualization to Unstructured Data.

Hideo Miyachi, Naohisa Sakamoto, Koji Koyamada

Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Network-Based Information Systems, 2014

HyperInfo: Interactive Large Display for Informal Visual Communication.

Nobuyuki Kukimoto, Yosuke Onoue, Kazuo Aoki, Kinya Fujita, Koji Koyamada

Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Network-Based Information Systems, 2014

Fused Visualization for Large-Scale Time-Varying Volume Data with Adaptive Particle-Based Rendering.

Kun Zhao, Naohisa Sakamoto, Koji Koyamada

Proceedings of the AsiaSim 2014, 2014

Visual Analysis of Habitat Suitability Index Model for Predicting the Locations of Fishing Grounds.

Takashi Uenaka, Naohisa Sakamoto, Koji Koyamada

Proceedings of the IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium, 2014

Application of Stochastic Point-Based Rendering to Transparent Visualization of Large-Scale Laser-Scanned Data of 3D Cultural Assets.

Satoshi Tanaka, Makoto Uemura, Kyoko Hasegawa, Takehiko Kitagawa, Takahiro Yoshida, Asuka Sugiyama, Hiromi T. Tanaka, Atsushi Okamoto, Naohisa Sakamoto, Koji Koyamada

Proceedings of the IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium, 2014

A Stochastic Approach for Rendering Multiple Irregular Volumes.

Naohisa Sakamoto, Koji Koyamada

Proceedings of the IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium, 2014

Agenda Setting in Policy-Making Using Visualization Techniques.

Koji Koyamada, Nobuyuki Kukimoto

Proceedings of the IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium, 2014

2013

High-quality particle-based volume rendering for large-scale unstructured volume datasets.

Naohisa Sakamoto, Naoya Maeda, Takuma Kawamura, Koji Koyamada

J. Vis., 2013

PetaFlow - An Example of Communication and Computational Technologies with Social Impact.

Alexandre Ancel, Ingo Assenmacher, Ken-ichi Baba, Julien Cisonni, Yo Fujiso, Paulo Gonçalves, Matthieu Imbert, Koji Koyamada, P. Neyron, Kazunori Nozaki, Hiroyuki Ohsaki, Anne-Cécile Orgerie, Xavier Pelorson, Bruno Raffin, Naohisa Sakamoto, Eisaku Sakane, Shinji Shimojo, Annemie Van Hirtum, Shigeo Wada

Proceedings of the IEEE 37th Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference, 2013

Compression for Large-Scale Time-Varying Volume Data Using Spatio-temporal Features.

Kun Zhao, Naohisa Sakamoto, Koji Koyamada

Proceedings of the AsiaSim 2013, 2013

2012

Particle-Based Transparent Rendering of Implicit Surfaces and its Application to Fused Visualization.

Satoshi Tanaka, Kyoko Hasegawa, Yoshiyuki Shimokubo, Tomonori Kaneko, Takuma Kawamura, Susumu Nakata, Saori Ojima, Naohisa Sakamoto, Hiromi T. Tanaka, Koji Koyamada

Proceedings of the 14th Eurographics Conference on Visualization, 2012

Stoachastic Approach for Integrated Rendering of Volumes and Semi-transparent Surfaces.

Naohisa Sakamoto, Koji Koyamada

Proceedings of the 2012 SC Companion: High Performance Computing, 2012

A Volume Compression Scheme Based on Block Division with Fast Cubic B-spline Evaluation.

Kun Zhao, Naohisa Sakamoto, Koji Koyamada

Proceedings of the AsiaSim 2012, 2012

A Temporal Coherence Based Framework for Visualizing Time-Varying Unstructured Volume with PBVR.

Kun Zhao, Naohisa Sakamoto, Koji Koyamada

Proceedings of the AsiaSim 2012, 2012

Detection of Linear Relationship among Dimensions in Multivariate Data by Parallel Coordinates.

Chi Zhang, Naohisa Sakamoto, Koji Koyamada

Proceedings of the AsiaSim 2012, 2012

Particle-Based Volume Rendering of Remote Volume Datasets Using FlowVR.

Allan Lorant, Alexandre Ancel, Kun Zhao, Naohisa Sakamoto, Koji Koyamada, Bruno Raffin

Proceedings of the AsiaSim 2012, 2012

2011

Peta-Flow Computing: Vision and Challenges.

Hiroyuki Ohsaki, Kazunori Nozaki, Ken-ichi Baba, Eisaku Sakane, Naohisa Sakamoto, Koji Koyamada, Shinji Shimojo

Proceedings of the 11th Annual International Symposium on Applications and the Internet, 2011

2010

Particle-based multiple irregular volume rendering on CUDA.

Ding Zhongming, Takuma Kawamura, Naohisa Sakamoto, Koji Koyamada

Simul. Model. Pract. Theory, 2010

Level-of-Detail Rendering of Large-Scale Irregular Volume Datasets Using Particles.

Takuma Kawamura, Naohisa Sakamoto, Koji Koyamada

J. Comput. Sci. Technol., 2010

Grid-Independent Metropolis Sampling for Volume Visualization.

Satoshi Tanaka, Kyoko Hasegawa, Susumu Nakata, Hideo Nakajima, Takuya Hatta, Frederika Rambu Ngana, Takuma Kawamura, Naohisa Sakamoto, Koji Koyamada

Int. J. Model. Simul. Sci. Comput., 2010

Improvement of particle-based volume rendering for visualizing irregular volume data sets.

Naohisa Sakamoto, Takuma Kawamura, Koji Koyamada, Kazunori Nozaki

Comput. Graph., 2010

Petaflow - A Project Towards Information and Communication Technologies in Society.

Paulo Gonçalves, Xavier Grandchamp, Xavier Pelorson, Bruno Raffin, Annemie Van Hirtum, Pascale Vicat-Blanc, Ken-ichi Baba, Julien Cisonni, Yasuo Ebara, Kazunori Nozaki, Hiroyuki Ohsaki, Shigeo Wada, Takuma Kawamura, Koji Koyamada, Eisaku Sakane, Naohisa Sakamoto, Shinji Shimojo

Proceedings of the Tenth Annual International Symposium on Applications and the Internet, 2010

Parallelization of Particle Based Volume Rendering on Tiled Display Wall.

Hideo Miyachi, Hironori Shigeta, Kiyoshi Kiyokawa, Hiroshi Kuwano, Naohisa Sakamoto, Koji Koyamada

Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Network-Based Information Systems, 2010

2008

Tele-immersive collaborative virtual environment for intuitive interpretation.

Nobuyuki Kukimoto, Yasuo Ebara, Koji Koyamada

Artif. Life Robotics, 2008

A Particle Modeling for Rendering Irregular Volumes.

Koji Koyamada, Naohisa Sakamoto, Satoshi Tanaka

Proceedings of the 10th EUROS/UKSim International Conference on Computer Modelling and Simulation, 2008

Hardware-Accelerated Particle-Based Volume Rendering for Multiple Irregular Volumes.

Naohisa Sakamoto, Ding Zhongming, Takuma Kawamura, Koji Koyamada

Proceedings of the Advances in Visual Computing, 4th International Symposium, 2008

Development of Tea Ceremony e-Learning Environment within Immersive Projection Technology.

Yusuke Gotoh, Yasuo Ebara, Tomoki Yoshihisa, Koji Koyamada, Masanori Kanazawa

Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, 2008

Evaluation Experiment on Eye-to-Eye Contact in Remote Communication with Tiled Displays Environments.

Yasuo Ebara, Nobuyuki Kukimoto, Koji Koyamada

Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, 2008

2007

A real-time sensor network visualization system using KVS: Kyoto visualization system.

Norihisa Segawa, Yukio Yasuhara, Naohisa Sakamoto, Tomoki Yoshihisa, Yasuo Ebara, Koji Koyamada

Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, 2007

Particle-based volume rendering.

Naohisa Sakamoto, Jorji Nonaka, Koji Koyamada, Satoshi Tanaka

Proceedings of the APVIS 2007, 2007

Tele-Immersive Collaboration Using High-Resolution Video in Tiled Displays Environment.

Yasuo Ebara, Nobuyuki Kukimoto, Jason Leigh, Koji Koyamada

Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA 2007), 2007

2006

Hierarchical Visualization of Network Intrusion Detection Data.

Takayuki Itoh, Hiroki Takakura, Atsushi Sawada, Koji Koyamada

IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 2006

Volume Rendering Using Tiny Particles.

Naohisa Sakamoto, Jorji Nonaka, Koji Koyamada, Satoshi Tanaka

Proceedings of the Eigth IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia (ISM 2006), 2006

Improved Hierarchical Parameter Optimization Technique - Application for a cardiac myocyte model.

Yukiko Yamashita, Koji Sakai, Naohisa Sakamoto, Jorji Nonaka, Koji Koyamada

Proceedings of the 28th International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2006

Framework for Creating New Discriminats for Detecting DTI properties: DTI Mapper.

Koji Sakai, Naohisa Sakamoto, Jorji Nonaka, Yukio Yasuhara, Koji Koyamada

Proceedings of the 28th International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2006

Design and Implementation for A Bimanual Input System on Virtual Environments.

Tomoki Yoshihisa, Koji Koyamada, Yukio Yasuhara, Masahiko Tsukamoto

Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA 2006), 2006

Study on Eye-to-Eye Contact by Multi-Viewpoint Videos Merging System for Tele-immersive Environment.

Yasuo Ebara, Tetsuya Nabuchi, Naohisa Sakamoto, Koji Koyamada

Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA 2006), 2006

2005

Hybrid Image Composition Mechanism for Enhancing Volume Graphics Clusters.

Jorji Nonaka, Nobuyuki Kukimoto, Yasuo Ebara, Masato Ogata, Takeshi Iwashita, Masanori Kanazawa, Koji Koyamada

IEICE Trans. Inf. Syst., 2005

Particle Generation from User-specified Transfer Function for Point-based Volume Rendering.

Naohisa Sakamoto, Koji Koyamada

Proceedings of the 16th IEEE Visualization Conference, 2005

A Course-Grid Pre-Processing based Load Balancing Scheme for Parallel Line Integral Convolution.

Jorji Nonaka, Koji Sakai, Koji Koyamada, Masanori Kanazawa

Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing Systems, 2005

A Similarity Evaluation Method for Volume Data Sets by Using Critical Point Graph.

Tomoki Minami, Koji Sakai, Koji Koyamada

Proceedings of the High-Performance Computing - 6th International Symposium, 2005

Interactive Controller for 3D Contents with Omni-directional Display.

Yukio Yasuhara, Naohisa Sakamoto, Nobuyuki Kukimoto, Yasuo Ebara, Koji Koyamada

Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 2005

Virtual Object Reconstruction in Real World.

Koji Sakai, Naohisa Sakamoto, Koji Koyamada, Tatsuo Hasegawa

Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 2005

The Method to Evaluate a Similarity of Two Dimensional Data Using Critical Point Graph.

Tomoki Minami, Koji Sakai, Koji Koyamada

Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 2005

3D Data Transmitting and Displaying System with an Omni-Directional Display for Group Learning.

Yukio Yasuhara, Nobuyuki Kukimoto, Naohisa Sakamoto, Yasuo Ebara, Koji Koyamada

Proceedings of the 3rd Conference on Creating, 2005

Isosurface Extraction Using Extrema Graphs.

Takayuki Itoh, Koji Koyamada

Proceedings of the Visualization Handbook., 2005

2004

Hybrid Hardware-Accelerated Image Composition for Sort-Last Parallel Rendering on Graphics Clusters with Commodity Image Compositor.

Jorji Nonaka, Nobuyuki Kukimoto, Naohisa Sakamoto, Hiroshi Hazama, Yasuhiro Watashiba, Xuezhen Liu, Masato Ogata, Masanori Kanazawa, Koji Koyamada

Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Symposium on Volume Visualization and Graphics, 2004

Remote Visualization Using Resource Monitoring Technique for Volume Rendering of Large Datasets.

Yasuo Ebara, Yasuhiro Watashiba, Koji Koyamada, Koji Sakai, Akio Doi

Proceedings of the 2004 Symposium on Applications and the Internet (SAINT 2004), 2004

2003

A Streaming-based Technique for Volume Rendering of Large Datasets6.

Yasuhiro Watashiba, Jorji Nonaka, Naohisa Sakamoto, Yasuo Ebara, Koji Koyamada, Masanori Kanazawa

Proceedings of the Sixth IASTED International Conference on Computer Graphics and Imaging, 2003

View-independent Texture Representation for Omnidirectional Display.

Naohisa Sakamoto, Jorji Nonaka, T. Takai, Koji Koyamada, T. Matsuyama

Proceedings of the Sixth IASTED International Conference on Computer Graphics and Imaging, 2003

2001

Fast Isosurface Generation Using the Volume Thinning Algorithm.

Takayuki Itoh, Yasushi Yamaguchi, Koji Koyamada

IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph., 2001

Effective Ray-casting of Unstructured Grids.

Koji Koyamada, Akio Doi

Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on Visualization, 2001

2000

A thermal compact modeling method using Response Surface Methodology with Genetic Algorithm.

Masanori Kuzuno, Toshihiko Nishio, Koji Koyamada

Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications, 2000

Fast Ray-Casting for Irregular Volumes.

Koji Koyamada

Proceedings of the High Performance Computing, Third International Symposium, 2000

Fast Isosurface Generation Using the Cell-Edge Centered Propagation Algorithm.

Takayuki Itoh, Yasushi Yamaguchi, Koji Koyamada

Proceedings of the High Performance Computing, Third International Symposium, 2000

Visualization of vortical flow using multiple slices.

Koji Koyamada, Kazuma Kamisawa, Akio Doi

Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems Workshops, 2000

Error visualization of tetrahedral subdivision approach for trilinear interpolation.

Akio Doi, Koji Koyamada

Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems Workshops, 2000

1997

Vortex flow visualization using tetrahedral cell subdivision.

Akio Doi, Satoshi Suzuki, Koji Koyamada, Shinji Sannakanishi

Proceedings of the 5th Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications, 1997

1996

Volume Thinning for Automatic Isosurface Propagation.

Takayuki Itoh, Yasushi Yamaguchi, Koji Koyamada

Proceedings of the 7th IEEE Visualization Conference, 1996

1995

Fast generation of spherical slicing surfaces for irregular volume rendering.

Koji Koyamada, Takayuki Ito

Vis. Comput., 1995

Automatic Isosurface Propagation Using an Extrema Graph and Sorted Boundary Cell Lists.

Takayuki Itoh, Koji Koyamada

IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph., 1995

1994

Isosurface Generation by Using Extrema Graphs.

Takayuki Itoh, Koji Koyamada

Proceedings of the 5th IEEE Visualization Conference, 1994

1992

A high-speed integrated renderer for interpreting multiple 3D volume data.

Tatsuo Miyazawa, Koji Koyamada

Comput. Animat. Virtual Worlds, 1992

Visualization of Simulated Airflow in a Clean Room.

Koji Koyamada

Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE Visualization Conference, 1992

1991

Volume visualization of 3D finite element method results.

Koji Koyamada, Toshihiko Nishio

IBM J. Res. Dev., 1991