Benjamin Lok

Orcid: 0000-0002-1190-3729

Affiliations:
  • University of Florida, FL, USA


According to our database1, Benjamin Lok authored at least 125 papers between 2001 and 2023.

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Bibliography

2023
Participatory Design of Virtual Humans for Mental Health Support Among North American Computer Science Students: Voice, Appearance, and the Similarity-attraction Effect.
ACM Trans. Appl. Percept., July, 2023

Using augmented reality filters to display time-based visual cues.
Frontiers Virtual Real., March, 2023

Evaluating face gender cues in virtual humans within and beyond the gender binary.
Frontiers Virtual Real., March, 2023

The Impact of Virtual Human Vocal Personality on Establishing Rapport: A Study on Promoting Mental Wellness Through Extroversion and Vocalics.
Proceedings of the 23rd ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, 2023

2022
The Effect of Virtual Human Rendering Style on User Perceptions of Visual Cues.
Frontiers Virtual Real., 2022

Informing and Evaluating Educational Applications With the Kirkpatrick Model in Virtual Environments: Using a Virtual Human Scenario to Measure Communication Skills Behavior Change.
Frontiers Virtual Real., 2022

The Effect of Virtual Humans Making Verbal Communication Mistakes on Learners' Perspectives of their Credibility, Reliability, and Trustworthiness.
Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces, 2022

How does a virtual human earn your trust?: guidelines to improve willingness to self-disclose to intelligent virtual agents.
Proceedings of the IVA '22: ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, Faro, Portugal, September 6, 2022

A virtual human interaction using scaffolded ping-pong feedback for healthcare learners to practice empathy skills.
Proceedings of the IVA '22: ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, Faro, Portugal, September 6, 2022

Can we talk about bruno?: exploring virtual human counselors' spoken accents and their impact on users' conversations.
Proceedings of the IVA '22: ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, Faro, Portugal, September 6, 2022

Strafing Gain: Redirecting Users One Diagonal Step at a Time.
Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, 2022


2021
Key changes to improve social presence of a virtual health assistant promoting colorectal cancer screening informed by a technology acceptance model.
BMC Medical Informatics Decis. Mak., 2021

Internet-based tailored virtual human health intervention to promote colorectal cancer screening: design guidelines from two user studies.
J. Multimodal User Interfaces, 2021

The effects of virtual human's verbal persuasion strategies on user intention and behavior.
Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud., 2021

JAYLA (Junior Agent to typifY Levels of Autism): A Virtual Training Platform to Teach Severity Levels of Autism.
Frontiers Virtual Real., 2021

Toward Facilitating Team Formation and Communication Through Avatar Based Interaction in Desktop-Based Immersive Virtual Environments.
Frontiers Virtual Real., 2021

Evaluating Virtual Patient Interaction Fidelity With Advanced Communication Skills Learners.
Frontiers Virtual Real., 2021

Investigating the Effects of Virtual Patients' Nonsensical Responses on Users' Facial Expressions in Mental Health Training Scenarios.
Proceedings of the VRST '21: 27th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, Virtual Event / Osaka, Japan, December 8, 2021

Romadoro: Leveraging Nudge Techniques to Encourage Break-Taking.
Proceedings of the UIST '21: The Adjunct Publication of the 34th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, 2021

Towards Understanding How Virtual Human's Verbal Persuasion Strategies Influence User Intentions To Perform Health Behavior.
Proceedings of the IVA '21: ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, 2021

Effects of Virtual Humans' Gender and Spoken Accent on Users' Perceptions of Expertise in Mental Wellness Conversations.
Proceedings of the IVA '21: ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, 2021

Towards an Effective Web-Based Virtual Health Intervention: The Impact of Media Platform, Visual Framing, and Race on Social Presence and Transportation Ratings.
Proceedings of the Digital Human Modeling and Applications in Health, Safety, Ergonomics and Risk Management. AI, Product and Service, 2021

2020
Towards Rapid Development of Conversational Virtual Humans using Web3D Technologies.
Proceedings of the Web3D '20: The 25th International Conference on 3D Web Technology, 2020

Investigating Trainees' Nonverbal Behaviors in Virtual Patients Communication in Virtual Reality.
Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops, 2020

Applying Stress Management Techniques in Augmented Reality: Stress Induction and Reduction in Healthcare Providers During Virtual Triage Simulation.
Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops, 2020

Toward Automated Evaluation of Empathetic Responses in Virtual Human Interaction Systems for Mental Health Scenarios.
Proceedings of the IVA '20: ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, 2020

2019
Impact of Gamified Interaction with Virtual Nature on Sustained Attention and Self-Reported Restoration - A Pilot Study.
Proceedings of the 25th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, 2019

Predicting Student Success in Communication Skills Learning Scenarios with Virtual Humans.
Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Learning Analytics & Knowledge, 2019

Internet-based Tailored Virtual Human Health Intervention to Promote Colorectal Cancer Screening: Design Guidelines from Two User Studies.
Proceedings of the 19th ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, 2019

Making Virtual Reality Social: Getting Virtual Humans into Your Virtual Environment.
Proceedings of the VR Developer Gems, 1st Edition, 2019

2018
Assessing the Impact of Virtual Human's Appearance on Users' Trust Levels.
Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, 2018

Non-Responsive Virtual Humans for Self-Report Assessments.
Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, 2018

The Effects of Author Identity on Dialogue for Virtual Human Communication Skills Training.
Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, 2018

Staying Alive With Virtual Humans.
Proceedings of the Extended Abstracts of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2018

Engineering Social Agent Creation into an Opportunity for Interviewing and Interpersonal Skills Training: Socially Interactive Agents Track.
Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and MultiAgent Systems, 2018

2017
Repeat after me: Using mixed reality humans to influence best communication practices.
Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE Virtual Reality, 2017

2016
Do Variations in Agency Indirectly Affect Behavior with Others? An Analysis of Gaze Behavior.
IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph., 2016

Rapid Low-Cost Virtual Human Bootstrapping via the Crowd.
ACM Trans. Intell. Syst. Technol., 2016

Training Together: How Another Human Trainee's Presence Affects Behavior during Virtual Human-Based Team Training.
Frontiers ICT, 2016

Self-Assessment Through Interactive In-Action Reflections to Improve Interpersonal Skills Training.
Proceedings of the 16th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies, 2016

Training with Virtual Operating Room Teammates to Influence Team Behaviors.
Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Collaboration Technologies and Systems, 2016

2015
Teaming Up with Virtual Humans: How Other People Change Our Perceptions of and Behavior with Virtual Teammates.
IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph., 2015

A comparison of speaking up behavior during conflict with real and virtual humans.
Comput. Hum. Behav., 2015

Understanding empathy training with virtual patients.
Comput. Hum. Behav., 2015

Exploring the Effects of Healthcare Students Creating Virtual Patients for Empathy Training.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Virtual Agents - 15th International Conference, 2015

Virtual Role-Models: Using Virtual Humans to Train Best Communication Practices for Healthcare Teams.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Virtual Agents - 15th International Conference, 2015

Adapting Virtual Patient Interviews for Interviewing Skills Training of Novice Healthcare Students.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Virtual Agents - 15th International Conference, 2015

2014
Getting the Point Across: Exploring the Effects of Dynamic Virtual Humans in an Interactive Museum Exhibit on User Perceptions.
IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph., 2014

Message from the General Chairs.
IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph., 2014

Mixed-Reality Humans for Team Training.
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 2014

Social presence in mixed agency interactions.
Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Virtual Reality, 2014

Virtual Humans for Inter-Ethnic Variability Training in Sedation and Analgesia.
Proceedings of the Medicine Meets Virtual Reality 21 - NextMed, 2014

A Qualitative Evaluation of Behavior during Conflict with an Authoritative Virtual Human.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Virtual Agents - 14th International Conference, 2014

Exploring Gender Biases with Virtual Patients for High Stakes Interpersonal Skills Training.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Virtual Agents - 14th International Conference, 2014

Building Virtual Humans with Back Stories: Training Interpersonal Communication Skills in Medical Students.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Virtual Agents - 14th International Conference, 2014

Towards a Reflective Practicum of Embodied Conversational Agent Experiences.
Proceedings of the IEEE 14th International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies, 2014

Virtual Agent Constructionism: Experiences from Health Professions Students Creating Virtual Conversational Agent Representations of Patients.
Proceedings of the IEEE 14th International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies, 2014

2013
Experiences in mixed reality-based collocated after action review.
Virtual Real., 2013

Leveraging Virtual Humans to Effectively Prepare Learners for Stressful Interpersonal Experiences.
IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph., 2013

Applying Mixed Reality to Simulate Vulnerable Populations for Practicing Clinical Communication Skills.
IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph., 2013

Exploring Agent Physicality and Social Presence for Medical Team Training.
Presence Teleoperators Virtual Environ., 2013

Pain Assessment and Treatment Decisions for Virtual Human Patients.
Cyberpsychology Behav. Soc. Netw., 2013

Message from the General Chairs.
Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE Virtual Reality, 2013

2012
Real-Time Evaluation and Visualization of Learner Performance in a Mixed-Reality Environment for Clinical Breast Examination.
IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph., 2012

Guest Editors' Introduction: Special Section on the IEEE Virtual Reality Conference (VR).
IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph., 2012

Experiences in Using a Smartphone as a Virtual Reality Interaction Device.
Int. J. Virtual Real., 2012

A crowdsourcing method to develop virtual human conversational agents.
Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud., 2012

Assessing Past, Present, and Future Interactions with Virtual Patients.
Int. J. Gaming Comput. Mediat. Simulations, 2012

User Response to the Simulation of a Virtual Patient with Cranial Nerve Injury.
Bio Algorithms Med Syst., 2012

Increasing agent physicality to raise social presence and elicit realistic behavior.
Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE Virtual Reality, 2012

Shader Lamps Virtual Patients: the Physical Manifestation of Virtual Patients.
Proceedings of the Medicine Meets Virtual Reality 19 - NextMed, 2012

Virtual Human Personality Masks: A Human Computation Approach to Modeling Verbal Personalities in Virtual Humans.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Virtual Agents - 12th International Conference, 2012

Hybrid virtual-physical entities.
Proceedings of the 11th IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, 2012

Constructionism of virtual humans to improve perceptions of conversational partners.
Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2012

2011
Guest Editors' Introduction: Special Section on the ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality and Software Technology (VRST 2009).
IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph., 2011

Guest Editors' Introduction: Special Section on the IEEE Virtual Reality Conference (VR).
IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph., 2011

An ontology-enabled user interface for simulation model construction and visualization.
J. Simulation, 2011

An initial exploration of conversational errors as a novel method for evaluating virtual human experiences.
Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Conference, 2011

Message from the program chairs.
Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Conference, 2011

2010
A mixed reality approach for interactively blending dynamic models with corresponding physical phenomena.
ACM Trans. Model. Comput. Simul., 2010

A Mixed Reality Virtual Patient Breast Simulator with an Innovative Feedback System Improves Communication and Breast Examination Skills.
Bio Algorithms Med Syst., 2010

Simulation of a Virtual Patient with Cranial Nerve Injury Augments Physician-Learner Concern for Patient Safety.
Bio Algorithms Med Syst., 2010

Show some respect! The impact of technological factors on the treatment of virtual humans in conversational training systems.
Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Conference, 2010

Using Virtual Humans to Bootstrap the Creation of Other Virtual Humans.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Virtual Agents, 10th International Conference, 2010

The Impact of a Mixed Reality Display Configuration on User Behavior with a Virtual Human.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Virtual Agents, 10th International Conference, 2010

High Score! - Motivation Strategies for User Participation in Virtual Human Development.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Virtual Agents, 10th International Conference, 2010

2009
Mixed Reality Humans: Evaluating Behavior, Usability, and Acceptability.
IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph., 2009

Scaffolded learning with mixed reality.
Comput. Graph., 2009

Virtual Experiences for Social Perspective-Taking.
Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Conference 2009 (VR 2009), 2009

Virtual Humans That Touch Back: Enhancing Nonverbal Communication with Virtual Humans through Bidirectional Touch.
Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Conference 2009 (VR 2009), 2009

Human-Centered Distributed Conversational Modeling: Efficient Modeling of Robust Virtual Human Conversations.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Virtual Agents, 9th International Conference, 2009

Automated Generation of Emotive Virtual Humans.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Virtual Agents, 9th International Conference, 2009

Real-time in-situ visual feedback of task performance in mixed environments for learning joint psychomotor-cognitive tasks.
Proceedings of the Science & Technology Proceedings, 2009

Integrating conversational virtual humans and mannequin patient simulators to present mixed reality clinical training experiences.
Proceedings of the Science & Technology Proceedings, 2009

Virtual multi-tools for hand and tool-based interaction with life-size virtual human agents.
Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces, 2009

2008
IPSViz: An After-Action Review Tool for Human-Virtual Human Experiences.
Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Conference 2008 (VR 2008), 2008

A Mixed Reality Approach for Merging Abstract and Concrete Knowledge.
Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Conference 2008 (VR 2008), 2008

Virtual Human + Tangible Interface = Mixed Reality Human An Initial Exploration with a Virtual Breast Exam Patient.
Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Conference 2008 (VR 2008), 2008

An Evaluation of Immersive Displays for Virtual Human Experiences.
Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Conference 2008 (VR 2008), 2008

Medical Student Satisfaction Using a Virtual Patient System to Learn History-Taking Communication Skills.
Proceedings of the Medicine Meets Virtual Reality 16, 2008

Virtual Humans Elicit Skin-Tone Bias Consistent with Real-World Skin-Tone Biases.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Virtual Agents, 8th International Conference, 2008

Audio Analysis of Human/Virtual-Human Interaction.
Proceedings of the Intelligent Virtual Agents, 8th International Conference, 2008

Collocated AAR: Augmenting After Action Review with Mixed Reality.
Proceedings of the 7th IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, 2008

Social Gaming and Learning Applications: A Driving Force for the Future of Virtual and Augmented Reality?
Proceedings of the Virtual Realities - Dagstuhl Seminar 2008., 2008

Tangible User Interfaces Compensate for Low Spatial Cognition.
Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces, 2008

2007
Comparing Interpersonal Interactions with a Virtual Human to Those with a Real Human.
IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph., 2007

Student Panel: Building the Future of and a Career in VR.
Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Conference, 2007

The validity of a virtual human experience for interpersonal skills education.
Proceedings of the 2007 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2007

2006
Applying virtual reality in medical communication education: current findings and potential teaching and learning benefits of immersive virtual patients.
Virtual Real., 2006

Evolving an Immersive Medical Communication Skills Trainer.
Presence Teleoperators Virtual Environ., 2006

Teaching Communication Skills with Virtual Humans.
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 2006

Mixed reality: are two hands better than one?
Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, 2006

Interpersonal Scenarios: Virtual \approx Real?
Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Conference, 2006

2005
Comparison of Path Visualizations and Cognitive Measures Relative to Travel Technique in a Virtual Environment.
IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph., 2005

Experiences in Using Immersive Virtual Characters to Educate Medical Communication Skills.
Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Conference 2005, 2005

A Pipeline for Rapidly Incorporating Real Objects into a Mixed Environment.
Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE / ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR 2005), 2005

2004
Toward the merging of real and virtual spaces.
Commun. ACM, 2004

Colorplate: Effects of Travel Technique on Cognition in Virtual Environments.
Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Conference 2004 (VR 2004), 2004

Effects of Travel Technique on Cognition in Virtual Environments.
Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Conference 2004 (VR 2004), 2004

2003
Incorporating dynamic real objects into immersive virtual environments.
ACM Trans. Graph., 2003

Effects of Handling Real Objects and Self-Avatar Fidelity on Cognitive Task Performance and Sense of Presence in Virtual Environments.
Presence Teleoperators Virtual Environ., 2003

Effects of Handling Real Objects and Avatar Fidelity On Cognitive Task Performance in Virtual Environments.
Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Conference 2003 (VR 2003), 2003

2002
Physiological reaction and presence in stressful virtual environments.
Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, 2002

2001
Online model reconstruction for interactive virtual environments.
Proceedings of the 2001 Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics, 2001


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